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Author: Paul Pius Waw Achola Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 74
Book Description
At the time of independence from Britain in 1964, the educational system in Zambia was, as elsewhere in Africa, racially segregated and heavily biased against Africans. This paper briefly reviews the situation at independence before enumerating post-independence educational policy landmarks through both acts of Parliament and national development plans and related documents. It discusses successes and failures in program implementation as evidenced by internal and external efficiency criteria. Particularly the primary school system has expanded substantially, although there exists little data about internal efficiency. Nevertheless, the young and growing population continues to put pressure on the system -- a doubling of primary school places by the year 2000 would be necessary simply to maintain the present gross enrollment rates. High rates of unemployment, especially after completion of primary and secondary school, point to poor external efficiency. Other factors contributing to problems with the successful implementation of educational policies have been a poor economy, inadequate supply of teachers above the primary level, problems with curriculum relevance, and an entrenched debate about the merits of English language versus native language teaching.
Author: Paul Pius Waw Achola Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 74
Book Description
At the time of independence from Britain in 1964, the educational system in Zambia was, as elsewhere in Africa, racially segregated and heavily biased against Africans. This paper briefly reviews the situation at independence before enumerating post-independence educational policy landmarks through both acts of Parliament and national development plans and related documents. It discusses successes and failures in program implementation as evidenced by internal and external efficiency criteria. Particularly the primary school system has expanded substantially, although there exists little data about internal efficiency. Nevertheless, the young and growing population continues to put pressure on the system -- a doubling of primary school places by the year 2000 would be necessary simply to maintain the present gross enrollment rates. High rates of unemployment, especially after completion of primary and secondary school, point to poor external efficiency. Other factors contributing to problems with the successful implementation of educational policies have been a poor economy, inadequate supply of teachers above the primary level, problems with curriculum relevance, and an entrenched debate about the merits of English language versus native language teaching.
Author: Jonathan D. Jansen Publisher: Juta and Company Ltd ISBN: 9781919713335 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
Since 1994, there have been major attempts to change educational policy in order to meet the economic demands of South Africa and equalize education for all. Implementation of this policy is the big challenge. Through critical commentary and analysis, this book brings into focus the various policy documents that have been produced since the early 1990s. It looks at the history of education policy, why coherent policy is necessary, how it should be implemented and, most critical of all, it discusses the importance of education management and delivery.
Author: Fassil R. Kiros Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
This paper describes in detail the historical roots of the modern Ethiopian educational system. Ethiopia began a program of modernization and development upon liberation in 1941. By 1961 the country's educational accomplishments were found to be quite low when compared with other African countries, most of whom were not yet or just barely independent themselves. Some gains were made in the education sector through the implementation of a series of five-year development plans. Since 1974, Ethiopia has been undergoing a process of revolutionary change, including a quantitative and qualitative expansion of education at all levels, including basic literacy. However, the education system has expanded faster than the rest of the economy, creating problems of educational quality, wastage and inefficiency, poor working conditions of teachers, educated unemployment, and the need for continuing reorganization. The report describes the role of education as envisioned in the Government's Ten Year Perspective Plan (1984-94) and argues that problems remain today not because education has been neglected, but because much greater emphasis has been placed on its expansion.
Author: John J. Lane Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 9780226468624 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
This book lays no claim to uncovering the full range of problems confronting education elsewhere. It shows, however, the great importance attached to education in a variety of contexts, all of which are marked by dramatic social changes that place heavy demands upon the schools. How can studies in comparative education play a role in such settings? Some authors applaud the development of this field because of the opportunity it provides for systematic cross-national studies of educational problems. Others caution against accepting the findings of what they regard as ill-conceived studies that compare educational achievement among nations.
Author: T. Sohl Thelejani Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
When Lesotho became independent (1966), education was inadequate in scope, quantity and quality. After independence, the role of education was seen to be the production of two kinds of indigenous manpower -- administrators to run the civil service and scientists and technicians. With the help of outside experts, educational policies were developed and codified in a series of three Five-Year Development Plans. This paper reviews the progress of educational development according to the development plans and evaluates their implementation. Some programs have been successfully implemented, including those for book supply, classroom building, non-formal education, the establishment of educational associations, and the replacement of small church-run teacher training colleges by a national college. The country experienced a steady increase in the number of students and schools. However, the "push out" rate is so high that only 14 percent of primary school entrants continue on to secondary school. Other problems include non-attainment of the goal of universal primary education, an apparent decline in educational quality, teacher shortages, insufficient training in the English language, lack of employment opportunities even for graduates, and practical studies that are not relevant to rural economic activities.
Author: C. J. Galabawa Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
Of the three East African British colonies (Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania), Tanzania was the least well off at the time of independence in 1961. At that time, only 16,691 students were enrolled in secondary schools, and all general education at higher levels was provided outside the country. Thus, the goals of post-independence educational policy were the distribution and equalization of educational opportunities and the expansion of the system at all levels, including the attainment of universal primary education. This report reviews the initial evolution and implementation of educational policies through government five-year development plans. From 1969-78, the Education for Self-Reliance (ESR) program became the basis for all major educational policy changes. The final section of the report evaluates the implementation and success of educational policies and finds that the emphasis on achieving universal primary education has led to a system where there are secondary school places for only 4 percent of primary school graduates. The author reviews the financial and macroeconomic circumstances, educational theories and internal and external efficiency criteria that surround the debate about educational quality and ESR. The report finds that some policy objectives have been contradictory and that, in the short run, quantitative and efficiency objectives have been incompatible.
Author: Obert E. Maravanyika Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
Zimbabwe has been independent only since 1980. It has, however, attempted to change significantly the inherited educational policies, which it considers to be inappropriate to the nation's adopted socialist ideology. This paper outlines and critically appraises Zimbabwe's educational policies and finds that post-independence educational policy formulation has been influenced not only by ideological goals of national policy, but equally strongly by the inherited colonial capitalist infrastructure. A thorough review of the main factors influencing policy formulation in the colonial period helps explain why the transformation in educational policies has been more quantitative than qualitative since 1980, the emphasis on socialist development notwithstanding. Additional factors which have hindered substantial qualitative change have been the short time period since independence and shortages of both human and material resources. A particular problem is the preference of students and parents for a traditional, academic education of the sort often denied Blacks under colonial rule over the new, more practical and vocational curriculum. In conclusion, the paper reviews the implications of the dichotomy between pre- and post-independence social, economic, political, and educational goals for the specific areas of private schools, teacher education, curricula, and examinations.
Author: Paul Pius Waw Achola
Author: Paul Pius Waw Achola
Author: Jonathan D. Jansen
Author: Fassil R. Kiros
Author: John J. Lane
Author: John E. Craig
Author: T. Sohl Thelejani
Author: University of Zambia. Educational Reform Implementation Project
Author: C. J. Galabawa
Author: 
Author: Obert E. Maravanyika