Influence of External Forces on Educational Policy Formulation and Implementation in Tanzania PDF Download

Author: Godlove Lawrent
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3656162409
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 29

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Book Description
Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Pedagogy - School System, Educational and School Politics, grade: Tertiary level, University of Dodoma (University of Dodoma, College of Education), language: English, abstract: This paper examines the influence external forces on educational policies formulation and reforms in Tanzania. These forces include the international agendas, globalization, ideology adoption and international community donors. Data were collected through documentary reviews. The study found that most of education policies and reforms in Tanzania are external rather than internal influence. It was further noted that even the implementation of these policies and reforms depend entirely on donors both financially and human resources. However, it is recognized that most of support from these forces are oriented towards the quantitative improvement rather than quality enhancement. This state of affair was found to affect the quality of education delivery negatively. Challenges facing these policies and reforms were also addressed in this paper. The paper concludes that, despite the quantitative policy achievements like the student enrolment expansion, it is important for the responsible to improve the primary and secondary schools quality of education as well as to address the issues of corruption for the education allocated fund in particular.

Author: C. J. Galabawa
Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 48

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Book Description
Of the three East African British colonies (Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania), Tanzania was the least well off at the time of independence in 1961. At that time, only 16,691 students were enrolled in secondary schools, and all general education at higher levels was provided outside the country. Thus, the goals of post-independence educational policy were the distribution and equalization of educational opportunities and the expansion of the system at all levels, including the attainment of universal primary education. This report reviews the initial evolution and implementation of educational policies through government five-year development plans. From 1969-78, the Education for Self-Reliance (ESR) program became the basis for all major educational policy changes. The final section of the report evaluates the implementation and success of educational policies and finds that the emphasis on achieving universal primary education has led to a system where there are secondary school places for only 4 percent of primary school graduates. The author reviews the financial and macroeconomic circumstances, educational theories and internal and external efficiency criteria that surround the debate about educational quality and ESR. The report finds that some policy objectives have been contradictory and that, in the short run, quantitative and efficiency objectives have been incompatible.

Author: Godlove Lawrent
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 365616231X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Book Description
Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Pedagogy - School System, Educational and School Politics, grade: Tertiary level , University of Dodoma (University of Dodoma, College of Education), language: English, abstract: This paper examines the influence external forces on educational policies formulation and reforms in Tanzania. These forces include the international agendas, globalization, ideology adoption and international community donors. Data were collected through documentary reviews. The study found that most of education policies and reforms in Tanzania are external rather than internal influence. It was further noted that even the implementation of these policies and reforms depend entirely on donors both financially and human resources. However, it is recognized that most of support from these forces are oriented towards the quantitative improvement rather than quality enhancement. This state of affair was found to affect the quality of education delivery negatively. Challenges facing these policies and reforms were also addressed in this paper. The paper concludes that, despite the quantitative policy achievements like the student enrolment expansion, it is important for the responsible to improve the primary and secondary schools quality of education as well as to address the issues of corruption for the education allocated fund in particular.

Author: Peter Shang'wet
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346361675
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 61

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Book Description
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Pedagogy - School System, Educational and School Politics, grade: A, Sokoine University of Agriculture, course: BSc. Education, language: English, abstract: This study is guide by the following research questions: Do stakeholders understand the essence FFE policy implementation? Are there any challenges facing the implementation of fee free education? This study investigated the impacts of fee free education policy implementation in public second-ary schools, a case of Morogoro Municipality, Morogoro region in Tanzania. The study was guided by two specific objectives including: investigation of stakeholders’ understanding on the essence of fee free education and evaluation of the challenges encountered during the implementation of fee free education policy in Tanzania. The study involved a sample of 45 participants. Two data collection methods were included i.e. questionnaires and interviews. Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 employed in data analysis for quantitative analysis. Analyzed data are then presented in different formats such as graphs, charts and tables. Education is one of the most important sector in any nation. It is the responsibility of a government to set and launch national education policy and participate in setting up international policies on education. Countries have been investing much in education especially primary and secondary education, regarded as a basic education. Since independence 1961, Tanzania has made various efforts in broadening the education service to her people. This is to ensure that education service is accessible to nearly every Tanzanian. In Tanzania, the first effort of Fee Free Education was instigated in 1963 to ensure that majority of Tanzanians get education and to remove the enrolment gap between poor and rich households. Therefore, government financed and provided free education from primary to university level. International efforts on ensuring free education for all also guided Tanzania towards implementation of free education. World Conference on Education for All (EFA) held on 1990 at Jomtien in Thailand rearticulated the desire of achieving Universal Primary Education by 2000.

Author: Stephen Billett
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000257762
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 170

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Book Description
Learning in the workplace has come of age with the publication of this book. It shows the way for a new level of sophistication in the ways learning and work are treated. And it opens new territory for exploration in the world of learning throughout life. David Boud, University of Technology, Sydney Stephen Billett provides a comprehensive and practical model, well-grounded in theory and research, to guide learning in the workplace. This is a 'must read' for those in vocational education and training. Victoria Marsick, Columbia University Learning does not stop when you leave school or tertiary studies, but continues throughout life. The workplace is now seen as an important learning environment, and businesses and government units are encouraged to become 'learning organisations'. This is all very well in theory, but how does learning actually occur in the workplace? Drawing on research of a wide variety of workplaces in different countries, Stephen Billett analyses the strengths and limitations of 'on-the-job' learning. He outlines what knowledge individuals need and how they can best acquire this knowledge in workplace settings. He shows how to develop a workplace curriculum, and how it can be implemented in organisations of different sizes. Learning in the Workplace offers a comprehensive pedagogy for the workplace. It is a valuable reference for human resource practitioners and students in courses on professional development and adult and vocational learning.

Author: L.P. Lugalla
Publisher: African Books Collective
ISBN: 9987083854
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 310

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Book Description
Education in Tanzania in the Era of Globalisation Challenges and Opportunities is a product of papers presented at a National Education Conference held in Dodoma, Tanzania in November 2016 and organised by the Aga Khan University-Institute for Educational Development, East Africa (AKU-IED-EA). At present, Tanzanias development direction is guided by Vision 2025, which aims to achieve a high quality livelihood for its people be attainment of Vision 2025 will depend largely on rapid socio-economic development based on several social and economic pillars including, most importantly, education. Clearly, for Tanzania, the scope and quality of education remains the single most important prerequisite to the attainment of Vision 2025 and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The individual chapters in this publication, and their collective thrust, discuss the challenges in the education system in good faith and in the spirit of cooperation and collaboration guided by the belief that it is not the responsibility of the Government alone to see how these can be addressed. AKU IED EA has identd this as the responsibility of all well-meaning corporate bodies and citizens, and initiated thst conference of its type as its contribution to thore conference, as well as the publication, has to be seen as a model of good practice for universities in terms of sharing knowledge, experience, and practice with other stakeholders who are not in the academy, and more so, with politicians as well as government policy planners. The various authors of Education in Tanzania in the Era of Globalisation Challenges and Opportunities discuss issues within the context of the Tanzanian political economy against thects of globalization and seek to initiate a new kind of debate that is long overdue; a debate aimed at charting out appropriate strategies whose objective is to improve the quality of education in Tanzania so that it becomes a useful vehicle in enhancing processes of social change, transformation and development.

Author: Frances Vavrus
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9462092249
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 217

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Book Description
In recent years, international efforts to improve educational quality in sub-Saharan Africa have focused on promoting learner-centered pedagogy. However, it has not fl ourished for cultural, economic, and political reasons that often go unrecognized by development organizations and policymakers. This edited volume draws on a long-term collaboration between African and American educational researchers in addressing critical questions regarding how teachers in one African country—Tanzania—conceptualize learner-centered pedagogy and struggle to implement it under challenging material conditions. One chapter considers how international support for learner-centered pedagogy has infl uenced national policies. Subsequent chapters utilize qualitative data from classroom observations, interviews, and focus group discussions across six Tanzanian secondary schools to examine how such policies shape local practices of professional development, inclusion, gender, and classroom discourse. In addition, the volume presents an analysis of the benefi ts and challenges of international research between Tanzanian and U.S. scholars, illuminating the complexity of collaboration as it simultaneously presents the outcome of joint research on teachers’ beliefs and practices. The chapters conclude with questions for discussion that can be used in courses on international development, social policy, and teacher education. “This volume, written by a multi-national team of scholar-practitioners, makes an important contribution to our understanding of learner-centered teaching and collaborative educational research. Based on an intensive investigation in Tanzania of a professional development program and teachers’ efforts to conceptualize and implement a globally-promoted pedagogical approach, the authors illustrate – and critically analyze – how these practices are enabled and constrained by cultural lenses, power relations, and material conditions. Importantly, they also examine refl exively how cultural, power, and resource issues shaped their struggle to engage in a collective praxis of qualitative inquiry. The tensions referenced in the title sparked valuable insights, which will be useful to educators, researchers, and policy makers.” — Mark Ginsburg, FHI 360 and Teachers College, Columbia University.

Author:
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004391509
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 167

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Book Description
It is a fundamental right for all children to be given access to quality education to ensure they reach their full potential as individuals; a right which is reflected in international law in Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and supported by the Education for All Agenda (1990) and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities and Optional Protocol (2006). Nation states across Africa have signed up to these protocols and remain committed to ensuring education for all children. The progress globally however in the past 25 years, including in Africa, has been slow (UNESCO, 2015). Questions remain on why this is so and what can be done about it. This book brings together researchers, education policy makers and academics from the African community. What is unique about this text is that it includes local insights narrated and critiqued by local professionals. This book presents a wide range of African countries across the continent, to provide a critical overview of the key issues affecting developments. It questions the origins of ideas and definitions around inclusive education and the impact it has made on policy and ultimately practice, within local socio-cultural and economic communities, both urban and rural. It highlights positive developments as well as challenges and provides a deep understanding of why the process of implementing inclusive education is so complex in the African continent. It provides an understanding of what is needed to develop a more sustainable model of inclusive education across the continent and within specific countries.

Author: Fassil R. Kiros
Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 138

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Book Description
This paper describes in detail the historical roots of the modern Ethiopian educational system. Ethiopia began a program of modernization and development upon liberation in 1941. By 1961 the country's educational accomplishments were found to be quite low when compared with other African countries, most of whom were not yet or just barely independent themselves. Some gains were made in the education sector through the implementation of a series of five-year development plans. Since 1974, Ethiopia has been undergoing a process of revolutionary change, including a quantitative and qualitative expansion of education at all levels, including basic literacy. However, the education system has expanded faster than the rest of the economy, creating problems of educational quality, wastage and inefficiency, poor working conditions of teachers, educated unemployment, and the need for continuing reorganization. The report describes the role of education as envisioned in the Government's Ten Year Perspective Plan (1984-94) and argues that problems remain today not because education has been neglected, but because much greater emphasis has been placed on its expansion.

Author: Placidius Ndibalema
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3656179077
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 30

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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject Pedagogy - School Pedagogics, grade: none, University of Dodoma, course: Foundations of Education, language: English, abstract: This paper reviews the trends of secondary education expansion in Tanzania. It is argued that various policy stances and approaches to education planning have served as blue prints for expanding this level of education in the country over time. It is further pointed out that; the whole process of expansion goes together with reasonable quality. Each policy stance and approach to planning on expansion of secondary education is observed with its impacts on educational performance in relation to quality. The paper also addresses the issues related to the couple of limitations and challenges of the quality education that calls for more innovations, more strategic planning as well as a strong political will of seeing to it that expansion is both creating more access and effectively empowers those who happen to access this education. The paper suggests the need for an increased number of studies that should shape policies aimed at making education inclusive, responding to the diverse needs and circumstances of learners and giving appropriate weight to the abilities, skills, and knowledge they bring to the teaching learning process. It further, recommends the effective and strategic engagement of various actors of education in decision making whenever new reforms and policies come in education system. Finally, the paper reminds politicians to take into account what the general public may wish to incorporate in the policy and plans so as to attain the intended education goals.