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Author: David Kenneth Joe Publisher: ISBN: 9781303153754 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
A version of the Source-Oriented WRF-Chem (SOWC) model with Large Eddy Simulation (SOWC-LES) was developed and implemented to perform high resolution simulations over the community of Oakland, California, during March 2010. A multiscale set of nested domains was used to predict contributions to airborne particulate elemental carbon (EC) concentrations from ships, trains, and on-road diesel trucks at a spatial resolution of 250 m. Results of the simulation with the nested LES were compared to a simulation using a parameterization scheme and no nested LES (1 km resolution). Results from all model configurations were compared to speciated particulate matter (PM) measurements and source contributions calculated using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). The PMF results showed that on-road diesel traffic was a major EC contributor, a result consistent with previous studies for Oakland. The average EC concentration predicted by the SOWC-LES model was 0.42 [mu]g m−3, with source contributions of 0.22 [mu]g m−3 from on-road diesel, 0.05 [mu]g m−3 from ship fuel combustion, 0.08 [mu]g m−3 from trains, and 0.09 [mu]g m−3 from other sources. The 250 m resolution nested LES predictions of total EC and source contributions were similar to predictions obtained with lower spatial resolution at the sampling sites, but more substantial differences were predicted at other locations in the study region. The LES model with 250 m resolution predicted higher average EC contributions from on-road diesel, shipping, and train sources compared to models configured with lower resolution and no nested LES. The maximum predicted hourly EC contributions from all sources increased when the nested LES at 250 m resolution was used. The greatest relative increase of maximum hourly EC was seen in the on-road diesel source which increased by nearly a factor of 2 (3.74 [mu]g m−3 to 6.69 [mu]g m−3) when spatial resolution was increased from 1 km to 250 m. Population-weighted EC concentrations were calculated to examine differences between the predictions of community exposure. The SOWC-LES model predicted greater EC exposure from all sources when compared to the SOWC model without LES. The increase in period-averaged EC exposure from each source ranged from +1% to +17%, while the increase in maximum hourly EC exposure from each source ranged from +9% to +32%. This evaluation shows that resolving neighborhood scales through the representation of local mixing phenomena can significantly impact pollutant concentration predictions, especially when examining extreme exposures in a densely populated area with many sources and complex terrain.
Author: David Kenneth Joe Publisher: ISBN: 9781303153754 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
A version of the Source-Oriented WRF-Chem (SOWC) model with Large Eddy Simulation (SOWC-LES) was developed and implemented to perform high resolution simulations over the community of Oakland, California, during March 2010. A multiscale set of nested domains was used to predict contributions to airborne particulate elemental carbon (EC) concentrations from ships, trains, and on-road diesel trucks at a spatial resolution of 250 m. Results of the simulation with the nested LES were compared to a simulation using a parameterization scheme and no nested LES (1 km resolution). Results from all model configurations were compared to speciated particulate matter (PM) measurements and source contributions calculated using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). The PMF results showed that on-road diesel traffic was a major EC contributor, a result consistent with previous studies for Oakland. The average EC concentration predicted by the SOWC-LES model was 0.42 [mu]g m−3, with source contributions of 0.22 [mu]g m−3 from on-road diesel, 0.05 [mu]g m−3 from ship fuel combustion, 0.08 [mu]g m−3 from trains, and 0.09 [mu]g m−3 from other sources. The 250 m resolution nested LES predictions of total EC and source contributions were similar to predictions obtained with lower spatial resolution at the sampling sites, but more substantial differences were predicted at other locations in the study region. The LES model with 250 m resolution predicted higher average EC contributions from on-road diesel, shipping, and train sources compared to models configured with lower resolution and no nested LES. The maximum predicted hourly EC contributions from all sources increased when the nested LES at 250 m resolution was used. The greatest relative increase of maximum hourly EC was seen in the on-road diesel source which increased by nearly a factor of 2 (3.74 [mu]g m−3 to 6.69 [mu]g m−3) when spatial resolution was increased from 1 km to 250 m. Population-weighted EC concentrations were calculated to examine differences between the predictions of community exposure. The SOWC-LES model predicted greater EC exposure from all sources when compared to the SOWC model without LES. The increase in period-averaged EC exposure from each source ranged from +1% to +17%, while the increase in maximum hourly EC exposure from each source ranged from +9% to +32%. This evaluation shows that resolving neighborhood scales through the representation of local mixing phenomena can significantly impact pollutant concentration predictions, especially when examining extreme exposures in a densely populated area with many sources and complex terrain.
Author: Johan Meyers Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402085788 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 390
Book Description
Computational resources have developed to the level that, for the first time, it is becoming possible to apply large-eddy simulation (LES) to turbulent flow problems of realistic complexity. Many examples can be found in technology and in a variety of natural flows. This puts issues related to assessing, assuring, and predicting the quality of LES into the spotlight. Several LES studies have been published in the past, demonstrating a high level of accuracy with which turbulent flow predictions can be attained, without having to resort to the excessive requirements on computational resources imposed by direct numerical simulations. However, the setup and use of turbulent flow simulations requires a profound knowledge of fluid mechanics, numerical techniques, and the application under consideration. The susceptibility of large-eddy simulations to errors in modelling, in numerics, and in the treatment of boundary conditions, can be quite large due to nonlinear accumulation of different contributions over time, leading to an intricate and unpredictable situation. A full understanding of the interacting error dynamics in large-eddy simulations is still lacking. To ensure the reliability of large-eddy simulations for a wide range of industrial users, the development of clear standards for the evaluation, prediction, and control of simulation errors in LES is summoned. The workshop on Quality and Reliability of Large-Eddy Simulations, held October 22-24, 2007 in Leuven, Belgium (QLES2007), provided one of the first platforms specifically addressing these aspects of LES.
Author: P. Sagaut Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9783540263449 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 600
Book Description
First concise textbook on Large-Eddy Simulation, a very important method in scientific computing and engineering From the foreword to the third edition written by Charles Meneveau: "... this meticulously assembled and significantly enlarged description of the many aspects of LES will be a most welcome addition to the bookshelves of scientists and engineers in fluid mechanics, LES practitioners, and students of turbulence in general."
Author: Eric Garnier Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9048128196 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
This book addresses both the fundamentals and the practical industrial applications of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) in order to bridge the gap between LES research and the growing need to use it in engineering modeling.
Author: Pierre Sagaut Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662044161 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 326
Book Description
First concise textbook on Large-Eddy Simulation, a very important method in scientific computing and engineering From the foreword to the third edition written by Charles Meneveau: "... this meticulously assembled and significantly enlarged description of the many aspects of LES will be a most welcome addition to the bookshelves of scientists and engineers in fluid mechanics, LES practitioners, and students of turbulence in general."
Author: Peter R. Voke Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9780792331063 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 454
Book Description
It is a truism that turbulence is an unsolved problem, whether in scientific, engin eering or geophysical terms. It is strange that this remains largely the case even though we now know how to solve directly, with the help of sufficiently large and powerful computers, accurate approximations to the equations that govern tur bulent flows. The problem lies not with our numerical approximations but with the size of the computational task and the complexity of the solutions we gen erate, which match the complexity of real turbulence precisely in so far as the computations mimic the real flows. The fact that we can now solve some turbu lence in this limited sense is nevertheless an enormous step towards the goal of full understanding. Direct and large-eddy simulations are these numerical solutions of turbulence. They reproduce with remarkable fidelity the statistical, structural and dynamical properties of physical turbulent and transitional flows, though since the simula tions are necessarily time-dependent and three-dimensional they demand the most advanced computer resources at our disposal. The numerical techniques vary from accurate spectral methods and high-order finite differences to simple finite-volume algorithms derived on the principle of embedding fundamental conservation prop erties in the numerical operations. Genuine direct simulations resolve all the fluid motions fully, and require the highest practical accuracy in their numerical and temporal discretisation. Such simulations have the virtue of great fidelity when carried out carefully, and repre sent a most powerful tool for investigating the processes of transition to turbulence.
Author: James R. Debonis Publisher: BiblioGov ISBN: 9781289077945 Category : Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
A large-eddy simulation (LES) code that utilizes high-resolution numerical schemes is described and applied to a compressible jet flow. The code is written in a general manner such that the accuracy/resolution of the simulation can be selected by the user. Time discretization is performed using a family of low-dispersion Runge-Kutta schemes, selectable from first- to fourth-order. Spatial discretization is performed using central differencing schemes. Both standard schemes, second- to twelfth-order (3 to 13 point stencils) and Dispersion Relation Preserving schemes from 7 to 13 point stencils are available. The code is written in Fortran 90 and uses hybrid MPI/OpenMP parallelization. The code is applied to the simulation of a Mach 0.9 jet flow. Four-stage third-order Runge-Kutta time stepping and the 13 point DRP spatial discretization scheme of Bogey and Bailly are used. The high resolution numerics used allows for the use of relatively sparse grids. Three levels of grid resolution are examined, 3.5, 6.5, and 9.2 million points. Mean flow, first-order turbulent statistics and turbulent spectra are reported. Good agreement with experimental data for mean flow and first-order turbulent statistics is shown.
Author: Maria Vittoria Salvetti Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3030049159 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 608
Book Description
This book gathers the proceedings of the 11th workshop on Direct and Large Eddy Simulation (DLES), which was held in Pisa, Italy in May 2017. The event focused on modern techniques for simulating turbulent flows based on the partial or full resolution of the instantaneous turbulent flow structures, as Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) or hybrid models based on a combination of LES and RANS approaches. In light of the growing capacities of modern computers, these approaches have been gaining more and more interest over the years and will undoubtedly be developed and applied further. The workshop offered a unique opportunity to establish a state-of-the-art of DNS, LES and related techniques for the computation and modeling of turbulent and transitional flows and to discuss about recent advances and applications. This volume contains most of the contributed papers, which were submitted and further reviewed for publication. They cover advances in computational techniques, SGS modeling, boundary conditions, post-processing and data analysis, and applications in several fields, namely multiphase and reactive flows, convection and heat transfer, compressible flows, aerodynamics of airfoils and wings, bluff-body and separated flows, internal flows and wall turbulence and other complex flows.
Author: Stavros Kassinos Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540342346 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 440
Book Description
The field of Large Eddy Simulations is reaching a level of maturity that brings this approach to the mainstream of engineering computations, while it opens opportunities and challenges. The main objective of this volume is to bring together leading experts in presenting the state-of-the-art and emerging approaches for treating complex effects in LES. A common theme throughout is the role of LES in the context of multiscale modeling and simulation.
Author: Dimokratis G.E. Grigoriadis Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319632124 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 523
Book Description
This book addresses nearly all aspects of the state of the art in LES & DNS of turbulent flows, ranging from flows in biological systems and the environment to external aerodynamics, domestic and centralized energy production, combustion, propulsion as well as applications of industrial interest. Following the advances in increased computational power and efficiency, several contributions are devoted to LES & DNS of challenging applications, mainly in the area of turbomachinery, including flame modeling, combustion processes and aeroacoustics. The book includes work presented at the tenth Workshop on 'Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation' (DLES-10), which was hosted in Cyprus by the University of Cyprus, from May 27 to 29, 2015. The goal of the workshop was to establish a state of the art in DNS, LES and related techniques for the computation and modeling of turbulent and transitional flows. The book is of interest to scientists and engineers, both in the early stages of their career and at a more senior level.
Author: David Kenneth Joe
Author: David Kenneth Joe
Author: Johan Meyers
Author: P. Sagaut
Author: Eric Garnier
Author: Pierre Sagaut
Author: Peter R. Voke
Author: James R. Debonis
Author: Maria Vittoria Salvetti
Author: Stavros Kassinos
Author: Dimokratis G.E. Grigoriadis