Impacts of Cover Cropping and Tillage on Weed Populations and Soil Nutrients in a Sub-Arctic Environment PDF Download
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Author: Erin Leigh Carr Publisher: ISBN: Category : Conservation tillage Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
One of the biggest challenges for organic crop and vegetable producers is weed control. Traditional practices, such as cover cropping and tilling, aid in controlling weeds on fallow land. However, both methods can impact soil nutrient availability. For producers in sub-Arctic regions with a limited growing season, such as interior Alaska, these practices would remove valuable farm land from production for at least a year and potentially impact soil nutrients. The objective of this study was to determine cover cropping and tilling intervals that would reduce weed seedbank size without negatively influencing soil nutrient availability and taking land out of production for multiple growing seasons. A two year (2008 and 2009) study at two interior Alaska farms (UAF-AFES and Rosie Creek) measured weed density, weed seedbank size, and extractable macro and micro soil nutrients at two soil depths (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm) among seven treatments: continuous tillage (TILL), continuous cover crop (CC), tillage + middle season cover crop (TC), and cover crop + middle season tillage (CT). Two species, Hordeum vulgare L. (Albright barley) and Pisum sativum subsp. Arvense (Austrian winter field peas) were planted as cover crops. Field weed estimates were measured prior to treatment applications (tillage or planting) followed by soil core samples post treatment for weed seedbank analysis. Soil cores were collected for soil nutrient analysis at the beginning, middle and end of the growing season. In 2008 at UAF-AFES, weed density among treatments were different mid-season (p
Author: Erin Leigh Carr Publisher: ISBN: Category : Conservation tillage Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
One of the biggest challenges for organic crop and vegetable producers is weed control. Traditional practices, such as cover cropping and tilling, aid in controlling weeds on fallow land. However, both methods can impact soil nutrient availability. For producers in sub-Arctic regions with a limited growing season, such as interior Alaska, these practices would remove valuable farm land from production for at least a year and potentially impact soil nutrients. The objective of this study was to determine cover cropping and tilling intervals that would reduce weed seedbank size without negatively influencing soil nutrient availability and taking land out of production for multiple growing seasons. A two year (2008 and 2009) study at two interior Alaska farms (UAF-AFES and Rosie Creek) measured weed density, weed seedbank size, and extractable macro and micro soil nutrients at two soil depths (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm) among seven treatments: continuous tillage (TILL), continuous cover crop (CC), tillage + middle season cover crop (TC), and cover crop + middle season tillage (CT). Two species, Hordeum vulgare L. (Albright barley) and Pisum sativum subsp. Arvense (Austrian winter field peas) were planted as cover crops. Field weed estimates were measured prior to treatment applications (tillage or planting) followed by soil core samples post treatment for weed seedbank analysis. Soil cores were collected for soil nutrient analysis at the beginning, middle and end of the growing season. In 2008 at UAF-AFES, weed density among treatments were different mid-season (p
Author: Andy Clark Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437903797 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Author: Elizabeth Ann Oys Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cover crops Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Reducing tillage in cropping systems causes weed management to be dependent on chemical and cultural methods for weed control. Over time, herbicide-resistant weeds have developed due to the continuous selection pressures from herbicides, particularly in the Midwest Corn Belt. Integrated weed management strategies, such as cover crops, can be used to mitigate some of these issues. Cover crops are primarily known for their soil health benefits, but there is evidence that cover crops can suppress weeds. However, less research has been done at the field-scale level to address cover crop impacts on the weed seedbank and aboveground weeds during the growing season. In response, two experiments were designed to investigate above and belowground weeds in eastern and central Nebraska. The soil seedbank was germinated from soil samples and weed density and biomass were measured at two points during the growing season. Our results show that cover crops did not influence the total seedbank density, but increased the density of Amaranthus spp. seeds in the seedbank. Aboveground, reductions in weed density and biomass reductions occurred at two sites. More importantly, larger pigweed seedbank densities in the cover crop treatments were not expressed aboveground, signifying cover crop suppression of the weed seedbank through reduced germination withdrawals. This research provides insight on above and belowground weed dynamics under cover crops and shows that cover crops may be a viable integrated weed management tool for Amaranthus spp. management and mitigating risks of herbicide resistance over time by preventing seedbank withdrawals through germination.
Author: Mahesh K. Upadhyaya Publisher: CABI ISBN: 1845932900 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 249
Book Description
This book deals with the principles, concepts, technology, potential, limitations and impacts of various non-chemical weed management options. It contains 12 chapters discussing topics on prevention strategies in weed management, exploitation of weed crop interactions to manage weed problems, cultural methods, cover crops, allelopathy, classical biological control using phytophagous arthropods, bioherbicides (such as mycoherbicides), mechanical weed control, non-living mulches, thermal weed control and soil solarization.
Author: Alexander John Hewitt Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Winter annual weeds can delay soil warming, inhibit planting operations, and compete for water and nutrients resulting in yield loss of spring planted cash crop. Understanding the timing and extent of weed emergence in different cropping systems is important to producers to be able to predict occurrence and to better manage weeds. The first objective of this research was to model the emergence of winter annual weed species in two different cropping systems based on the accumulation of thermal time. Results show that winter annual weed species composition and emergence timing can vary significantly between locations and are highly site-specific. Certain weeds such as henbit had predictable and consistent emergence timings across years in a no-tillage system in eastern Kansas but was more variable in southeast Kansas. This information can be used by farmers for weed management decisions, such as timing of control methods. The use of cover crop monocultures and mixes were evaluated for their physical and chemical weed suppressive capabilities. The second objective was to assess the levels of physical weed suppression by each cover crop treatment through weed biomass and weed density at the time of cover crop harvest. Cover crop monocultures and mixes composed entirely or mostly of aggressive grass species were found to be the most weed suppressive due to their high biomass accumulation. Certain varieties of cereal rye, annual ryegrass, winter oat, and mixes containing oat and ryegrass were found to be the highest biomass producers. Overall, cover crops provided superior weed control relative to a fallow with herbicide treatment that had no residual activity. Fertility regimes can impact cover crop biomass production and influence their allelopathic potential. The third objective was to investigate the role of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers on cover crop weed suppression through allelopathy by conducting a weed seed germination bioassay. The results indicate that higher amounts of cover crop residues can potentially result in greater levels of weed suppression through inhibition of seed germination. Increasing soil fertility may decrease the allelopathic potential of cover crops, but can increase their biomass production, still resulting in adequate weed control.
Author: Robert L. Zimdahl Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470290102 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 235
Book Description
For the past 20 years, the first edition of this text has been widely cited as authoritative academic reference. The latest edition continues the tradition set by the original book, and covers weed science research that has been published since 1980. This book aims to reduce the instance of research duplication—saving scientists and supporting institutions time and money. Not only does the second edition of Weed Crop Competition review, summarize, and combine current research; it critiques the research as well. This text has the potential to accelerate advancements in weed crop competition, which remains an important factor that affects crop yields. Scientists in foreign countries where access to literature is often limited or nonexistent, will find the information in this text invaluable. Weed scientists, crop scientists, plant ecologists, sustainable agriculturists, and organic agriculturists will be well-pleased with this long overdue and much needed new editionWeed Crop Competition provides a unique reference that reviews, summarises and synthesizes the literature published concerning research on this topic. The first edition has been one of the most frequently cited sources in weed science for the past 20 years. The second edition covers the significant body of literature that has been published since 1980. Originally intended to survey existing research, the intent of the book is to reduce the instance of research duplication, thus saving scientists and their institutions time and money, and expediting advancements in weed crop competition, an important factor affecting crop yields. Scientists in foreign countries where access to the literature is often limited or non-existent, find the information an invaluable resource. This long overdue and much needed new edition rejuvenates the tradition set by the original book.
Author: Erin Leigh Carr
Author: Erin Leigh Carr
Author: Andy Clark
Author: Sandra Sophia Wayman
Author: Samuel F. Turner
Author: Elizabeth Ann Oys
Author: Inga Anne Zasada
Author: Mahesh K. Upadhyaya
Author: Roger Samson
Author: Alexander John Hewitt
Author: Robert L. Zimdahl