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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 4
Book Description
Following previous reports of excellent properties of a laboratory heat of V-4Cr-4Ti, the alloy identified as the primary vanadium-based candidate for application as fusion reactor structural components, a large industrial-scale (500-kg) heat of the alloy was fabricated successfully. The objective of this work is to determine the impact properties of the industrial-scale heat.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 4
Book Description
Following previous reports of excellent properties of a laboratory heat of V-4Cr-4Ti, the alloy identified as the primary vanadium-based candidate for application as fusion reactor structural components, a large industrial-scale (500-kg) heat of the alloy was fabricated successfully. The objective of this work is to determine the impact properties of the industrial-scale heat.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 15
Book Description
Two large heats of V-4Cr-4Ti alloy were produced in the United States in the past few years. The first, 832665, was a 500 kg heat procured by the U.S. Department of Energy for basic fusion structural materials research. The second, 832864, was a 1300 kg heat procured by General Atomics for the DIII-D radiative divertor upgrade. Both heats were produced by Oremet-Wah Chang (previously Teledyne Wah Chang of Albany). Tensile properties up to 800 C and Charpy V-notch impact properties down to liquid nitrogen temperature were measured for both heats. The product forms tested for both heats were rolled sheets annealed at 1000 C for 1 h in vacuum. Testing results show the behavior of the two heats to be similar and the reduction of strengths with temperature to be insignificant up to at least 750 C. Ductility of both materials is good in the test temperature range. Impact properties for both heats are excellent--no brittle failures at temperatures above -150 C. Compared to the data for previous smaller laboratory heats of 15-50 kg, the results show that scale-up of vanadium alloy ingot production to sizes useful for reactor blanket design can be successfully achieved as long as reasonable process control is implemented.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
On the basis of excellent properties that were determined for a laboratory-scale heat, V-4Cr-4Ti has been identified previously as the most promising vanadium-based candidate alloy for application in fusion reactor structural components. The objective of this work is to produce a large-scale (500-kg) ingot of the alloy and fabricate various plates and sheets from the ingot, thereby demonstrating a reliable method of fabricating an industrial-scale heat of V-4Cr-4Ti that exhibits excellent properties. A 500-kg heat of V-4Cr-4Ti, an alloy identified previously as the most promising vanadium-based candidate alloy for application in fusion reactor structural components, has been produced. The ingot was produced by multiple vacuum-arc melting using screened high-quality raw materials of vanadium, chrome, and titanium. Several long bars ≈64 mm in thickness and ≈200 mm in width were extruded from the ingot, and plates and sheets of various thicknesses ranging from 1.0 to 29.2 mm were fabricated successfully from the extruded bars. The chemical composition of the ingot and the secondary fabrication procedures, specified on the basis of the experience and knowledge gained from fabrication, testing, and microstructural characterization of a laboratory-scale heat, were found to be satisfactory. Charpy-impact tests showed that mechanical properties of the production-scale heat are as good as those of the laboratory-scale heat. This demonstrates a method of reliable fabrication of industrial-scale heats of V-4Cr-4Ti that exhibit excellent properties. 14 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 4
Book Description
The authors are conducting a program to develop an optimal laser welding procedure that can be applied to large-scale fusion-reactor structural components to be fabricated from vanadium-base alloys. Results of initial investigation of mechanical properties and hardening behavior of laser and electron-beam (EB) welds of the production-scale heat of V-4Cr-4Ti (500-kg Heat 832665) in as-welded and postwelding heat-treated (PWHT) conditions are presented in this paper. The laser weld was produced in air using a 6-kW continuous CO2 laser at a welding speed of H"5 mm/s. Microhardness of the laser welds was somewhat higher than that of the base metal, which was annealed at a nominal temperature of H"050°C for 2 h in the factory. In spite of the moderate hardening, ductile-brittle transition temperatures (DBTTs) of the initial laser (H"0°C) and EB (H"0°C) welds were significantly higher than that of the base metal (H"170°C). However, excellent impact properties, with DBTT
Author: Ian M. Robertson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 770
Book Description
This book from MRS discusses the evolution of a material's microstructure as a result of its interaction with energetic particles such as ions, neutrons or electrons. The book is inter-disciplinary and emphasizes all classes of materials including metals, intermetallic compounds, ceramics, polymers, superconductors, semiconductors and insulators. A strong focus is placed on experimental techniques for measuring and quantifying damage and microstructure changes, and on computer simulation techniques for predicting and understanding this phenomena. Topics include: ion-implantation damage in semiconductors; radiation damage in metals; radiation damage in ceramics; radiation effects in polymers and beam-induced effects.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 11
Book Description
Mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of laser and electron-beam welds of a 500-kg heat of V4Cr4Ti were investigated in as-welded condition and after postwelding heat treatment by impact testing, microhardness measurement, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ductile-brittle transition temperatures of the laser and electron-beam welds were significantly higher than that of the base metal. However, excellent impact properties could be restored in both types of welds by postwelding annealing at 1000 C for 1 h in vacuum. Analysis by TEM revealed that annealed weld zones were characterized by extensive networks of fine V(C, O, N) precipitates, which clean away O, C, and N interstitial from the grain matrices. This process is accompanied by simultaneous annealing-out of the dense dislocations present in the weld zone. This finding could be useful in identifying an optimal welding procedure by controlling and adjusting the cooling rate of the weld zone by an innovative method to maximize the precipitation of V(C, O, N).
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
Alloys based on the V-Cr-Ti system are attractive candidates for structural applications in fusion systems because of their low activation properties, high thermal stress factor (high thermal conductivity, moderate strength, and low coefficient of thermal expansion), and their good compatibility with liquid lithium. The U.S. program has defined a V-4Cr-4Ti (wt %) alloy as a leading candidate alloy based upon evidence from laboratory-scale (30 kg) heats covering the approximate composition range 0-8 wt % Ti and 5 to 15 wt % Cr. A review of the effects of neutron displacement damage, helium, and hydrogen generation on mechanical behavior, and of compatibility with lithium, water, and helium environments was presented at the ICFRM-5 conference at Clearwater in 1991. The results of subsequent optimization studies, focusing on the effects of fast reactor irradiation on tensile and impact properties of a range of alloys, were presented at the ICFRM-6 conference at Stresa in 1993. The primary conclusion of this work was that the V-4Cr-4Ti alloy composition possessed a near-optimal combination of physical and mechanical properties for fusion structural applications. Subsequently, a production-scale (500 kg) heat of V-4Cr-4Ti (Heat No. 832665) was procured from Teledyne Wah-Chang, together with several 15 kg heats of alloys with small variations in Cr and Ti. Further testing has been carried out on these alloys, including neutron irradiation experiments to study swelling and mechanical property changes. This paper discusses ductility measurements from some of these tests which are in disagreement with earlier work.
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Author: Ian M. Robertson
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