Impact of Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and Triticum Mosaic Virus on Transmission by Aceria Tosichella Keifer (eriophyidae) and Virus Epidemiology in Wheat PDF Download
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Author: Camila F. de Oliveira Publisher: ISBN: Category : Wheat Languages : en Pages : 82
Book Description
The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella Keifer, transmits a complex of viruses, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) and Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV), to wheat, Triticum aestivum, in the Great Plains. Co-infection of wheat by these viruses is frequently observed, increasing disease severity and yield loss. Current genetic work classifies WCM populations into two genotypes, Type 1 and Type 2. It has been shown that different mite genotypes are able to transmit viruses at varying rates. WCM-virus relations are very specific and can impact vector biology. In this study, the primary objective was to determine if co-infection of wheat by WSMV+ TriMV has an impact on each virus transmission rate by the WCM Type 1 and Type 2. An additional objective was to establish the impact of double viral infections on the biology of the mites and virus dispersal in the field. Using a series of transmission studies, it was determined that Type 1 WCMs do not transmit TriMV even in the presence of WSMV. Type 2 WCMs feeding on wheat infected with both viruses, have reduced WSMV transmission when compared to mites feeding on singly inoculated plants. However, TriMV transmission is increased when mites feed on wheat infected by both viruses. Mite counts from the field indicated that mites feeding on WSMV infected plants had the highest populations, followed by the control, WSMV+TriMV and TriMV. In field conditions, WSMV incidence was reduced when Type 2 WCM were exposed to source plants with WSMV+TriMV. TriMV incidence was not different between mites feeding on single or double infected plants. These findings enhance the understanding of WCM virus complex epidemiology.
Author: Camila F. de Oliveira Publisher: ISBN: Category : Wheat Languages : en Pages : 82
Book Description
The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella Keifer, transmits a complex of viruses, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) and Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV), to wheat, Triticum aestivum, in the Great Plains. Co-infection of wheat by these viruses is frequently observed, increasing disease severity and yield loss. Current genetic work classifies WCM populations into two genotypes, Type 1 and Type 2. It has been shown that different mite genotypes are able to transmit viruses at varying rates. WCM-virus relations are very specific and can impact vector biology. In this study, the primary objective was to determine if co-infection of wheat by WSMV+ TriMV has an impact on each virus transmission rate by the WCM Type 1 and Type 2. An additional objective was to establish the impact of double viral infections on the biology of the mites and virus dispersal in the field. Using a series of transmission studies, it was determined that Type 1 WCMs do not transmit TriMV even in the presence of WSMV. Type 2 WCMs feeding on wheat infected with both viruses, have reduced WSMV transmission when compared to mites feeding on singly inoculated plants. However, TriMV transmission is increased when mites feed on wheat infected by both viruses. Mite counts from the field indicated that mites feeding on WSMV infected plants had the highest populations, followed by the control, WSMV+TriMV and TriMV. In field conditions, WSMV incidence was reduced when Type 2 WCM were exposed to source plants with WSMV+TriMV. TriMV incidence was not different between mites feeding on single or double infected plants. These findings enhance the understanding of WCM virus complex epidemiology.
Author: Elliot Andrew Knoell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Corn Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella Keifer, is an economically important pest of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Great Plains of North America due to its ability to transmit three viruses: Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), and High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV). WCM is the only known vector of these plant viruses, making up the wheat-mite-virus complex. TriMV was recently discovered in 2006, but the transmission characteristics are largely unknown. A study was designed to characterize TriMV acquisition and retention periods for the WCM. For TriMV acquisition, nymphs were placed on TriMV infected wheat and allowed to feed for various time increments. After the allowed feeding time, single mites were then transferred to a series of test plants. For TriMV retention, TriMV-viruliferous adults were transferred to barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv), a host for the mites and non-host for TriMV, and held for 1 to 12 days. Single mites were then transferred to wheat test plants. Results show that WCM can acquire TriMV within an hour, but poor transmission resulted. Transmission increased with increased acquisition time and peaked after 16 hours. WCM adults can retain TriMV for up to 4 days with a steady transmission rate. Management of this complex relies on the control of the over-summering alternative hosts known as the green bridge. Corn (Zea mays L.) has been documented as an alternate green-bridge host for the wheat-mite-virus-complex, but much of the literature is 30-50 years old; therefore, a field study was conducted to evaluate the ecology of WCM on reproductive stage corn and the mite's ability to carry viruses through corn and back to wheat. Corn was manually infested with viruliferous mites of different virus combinations. Results indicate that reproductive stage field corn can support populations of viruliferous WCM, and mites moving off corn are able to carry WSMV and HPWMoV from corn to wheat. TriMV was found to be transmitted at low levels. This study provides a better understanding of corn as a potential green bridge host where corn and winter wheat seasons overlap.
Author: Dai Ito Publisher: ISBN: Category : Wheat streak mosaic virus Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), endemic in small grains production areas of the Great Plains, causes yield losses of wheat 2 to 5% annually. Yield loss in individual fields can reach 100%. Control relies on cultural practices to control the vector, the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer, WCM), and the use of resistant or tolerant varieties. WSMV and WCM depend on living tissue for survival and reproduction, including common grassy weeds. Little is known about the relative importance of these weeds as alternative hosts of WSMV. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the risk of infection with WSMV in commonly grown wheat varieties and various grassy weed species, information useful to understanding WSMV epidemiology and control. Winter wheat, spring wheat and barley varieties in Montana were evaluated in the field by measuring the effect of fall vs. spring inoculation and variety on incidence, symptom severity, and yield components. Winter wheat varieties from five states, and spring wheat and barley varieties from Montana were tested for incidence and absorbance in greenhouse. Fall-inoculated winter wheat had less effect of WSMV inoculation compared to spring-inoculated winter wheat. Yields of spring wheat varieties were largely reduced by WSMV inoculation. There was no correlation between yield and incidence or symptom severity. In greenhouse studies, the highest incidence was observed in varieties from Idaho and Nebraska, whereas the highest relative absorbance was observed in varieties from Montana. In 2008 and 2009, surveys of common grassy weeds were conducted. Grass species from croplands in six states were selected and mechanically inoculated to determine the susceptibility to WSMV. Grassy weeds were also evaluated as a source of WSMV by measuring transmission efficiency with virulifeous WCM. Bromus tectorum was the most prevalent grassy weed and the most frequent viral host. Aegilops cylindrica, and Avena fatua had the highest incidence and relative absorbance. There were no differences in the susceptibility of grass species to WSMV by their state of origin. WCM transmission study indicated infected grass species had lower transmission efficiency than from infected wheat. These studies will benefit producers in Montana to assess their risk of WSMV based on variety selection and the presence of grassy weeds.
Author: William W. Bockus Publisher: American Phytopathological Society ISBN: 9780890543856 Category : Wheat Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Reference in this publication to a trademark, proprietary product, or company name by personnel of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or anyone else is intended for explicit description only and does not imply approval or recommendation to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. --Book Jacket.
Author: E.E. Lindquist Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080531237 Category : Science Languages : ar Pages : 823
Book Description
This book is a timely compilation of synthesized information on behaviourally fascinating and economically important mites. The book gives much attention to fundamental aspects of eriophyoid anatomy, behaviour, ecology and even systematics, as bases for understanding the ways of life of eriophyoid mites and their effects on host plants; in turn, this will lead to developing the most appropriate means of regulating mites as detrimental or beneficial organisms. It presents new views intended to stimulate interest in eriophyoids and their enemies, and it points to areas where further research is needed. This book is intended for extension workers, experts of acarology and plant protection as well as students, teachers and researchers. It stimulates readers to critically test the view presented and aimes ultimately toward environmentally safe, sustainable and economically efficient means of regulating detrimental and beneficial eriophyoid mites.
Author: Christian A. Webb Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Wheat streak mosaic (WSM) is a devastating disease of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Kansas. Although WSM can cause heavy crop losses, the severity of regional and statewide losses varies by year and location. Wheat streak mosaic is caused primarily by the Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and is spread by the wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer. To infect fall planted wheat, both the virus and mite require a living, grass host to survive the summer months. The first research objective was to determine the risk of different grass species to serve as a source of WSM. Published experiments and surveys were reviewed to determine the suitability of each host based on a set of criteria. An analysis of the reports from the reviewed literature found 39 species to host both pests. Categorical analysis of these observations suggested that well-studied grass species could be placed in four risk groupings with ten species at high risk of carrying both pests. Furthermore, results from controlled experimentation generally agrees with results from field survey results for both pests. The second objective was to determine the weather and cropping factors that are associated with regional epidemics of WSM in Kansas. Historic disease observations, weather summaries, soil moisture indices, and cropping statistics were collected from Kansas crop reporting districts from 1995-2013. Binary response variables (non-epidemic case vs epidemic cases) were developed from different thresholds of district losses attributed to WSM. Variables associated with WSM epidemics were identified by a combination of non-parametric correlation, classification trees, and logistic regression. This analysis indicates that the total acres of wheat planted per season was associated with the low frequency of epidemics in Eastern Kansas. Temperature during September appears to influence the yield losses caused by WSM. Wheat planting generally begins during September and continues through October in the state. Temperature during the winter months (December-February) was also identified as important with warm conditions favoring outbreaks of disease. Dry soil conditions in February was also associated with epidemics of WSM. Models combining these variables correctly classified 60 to 74% of the cases considered in this analysis.
Author: Maria Salome Escanilla del Rosario Publisher: Hassell Street Press ISBN: 9781015192546 Category : Languages : en Pages : 62
Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Camila F. de Oliveira
Author: Camila F. de Oliveira
Author: Anthony J. McMechan
Author: Elliot Andrew Knoell
Author: Dai Ito
Author: Raul A. Sperotto
Author: William W. Bockus
Author: E.E. Lindquist
Author: Christian A. Webb
Author: Maria Salome Escanilla del Rosario
Author: Christopher William Brey