Impact of Family Involvement in Ownership Management and Direction of Financial Performance of the Lebanese Firms PDF Download

Author: Georges Samara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The aim of this thesis is to better understand how family involvement in ownership management and direction affects the financial performance of the Lebanese companies. In that aim we elaborated four hypotheses. The first hypothesis indicated that family involvement in ownership and management is positively correlated with financial performance. The second suggested that entrenchment and asymmetric altruism will lead to negative correlation with the financial performance. The third proposed that involvement by ownership and management by heirs is negatively correlated to financial performance. Finally, the fourth hypothesis suggested that the presence of outside directors in firms governed by later generations is positively correlated with financial performance. In order to authenticate our hypotheses we collected primary data by using a quantitative method. In fact, we performed an inquiry by surveying 75 Lebanese companies through a questionnaire formed by closed and semi-open questions and modulators. While finishing the empirical study, we concluded that family involvement in ownership and management has a positive relationship with the financial performance of the Lebanese company. Moreover, issues like entrenchment and asymmetric altruism, in addition to involvement by heirs, did not prove to have a significant relationship with the financial performance. Plus, the presence of outside directors in firms governed by heirs, did not have significant relationship with the financial performance. The essential reason to the results previously stated is that family managers in Lebanon act as stewards by considering the success of the company as their own, rather than agents seeking to achieve their personal benefit on the expense of the company.

Author: Clara el Batal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This thesis investigates the existing relationship between family involvement in ownership, direction, business management and the enterprise's financial performance. Whether family managers and directors or non-family managers and outside directors approaches have better influence on the company's financial performance, is also investigated. The relation between conservative, entrenchment management and financial performance is reviewed as well. Lastly, whether family involvements by heirs for longevity goals and business succession have a positive influence on financial performance is also reviewed. The analysis of the family involvement implications on the firm's profitability is based on a quantitative study with a sample of 69 Lebanese companies. Based on the gathered data, the comparison of financial performance and the involvement of family and non-family managers, we concluded that family involvement is negatively correlated to the company's profitability. The more the family is involved in management and in direction, the less the financial performance is realized. Furthermore, the results show a negative association between conservative management, entrenchment and financial performance. Lastly, according to longevity goals and business succession with family involvement by heirs, the result didn't show a significant relationship with financial performance. These results were authenticating through the culture and the qualification of Lebanese family owners and managers. This research study indicates that, non-family managers and family owners act as stewards by caring about maximizing the family business value for all shareholders and by considering the success of the company as their own, instead of acting as agents by prioritizing the family members' utility and personal goals.

Author: Anna Ujwary-Gil
Publisher: Cognitone Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science
ISBN: 8396659125
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 198

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Business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and innovativeness: A triangular model for micro and small enterprises in Poland Abstract PURPOSE: This paper proposes a triangular relationship between business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and innovativeness. The role of knowledge absorptive capacity in stimulating the impact of business consulting on innovativeness is studied. METHODOLOGY: An empirical study is conducted using the CATI method, and it is based on data concerning 382 Polish micro and small enterprises. Qualitative variables reflecting using business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity and innovativeness are defined. The multivariate discrete choice model taking into account relationships among these constructs, is proposed and its parameters are estimated. FINDINGS: The results of the empirical research indicate that business consulting in Poland and similar countries may help firms implement innovative solutions. Knowledge absorptive capacity stimulates innovativeness and has a positive impact on the relationship between using business consulting and improvement in innovativeness. Though the frequency of using business consulting is an important factor in improving innovativeness, cooperation between a consultant and a manager matters more. IMPLICATIONS: Results of the empirical research indicate that cooperation between a consultant and a manager may help reduce differences of opinion and internal conflicts. A higher propensity to cooperate may significantly improve the functioning of an enterprise. Business consulting has an indirect and direct effect on innovativeness. It has a positive impact on knowledge absorptive capacity, while better knowledge stimulates innovativeness. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: An original triangular model of the relationship between business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and innovativeness is proposed. Advanced econometric methods are used in order to find complex relationships between using business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and improvement in innovativeness. Moreover, results of the estimation of the parameters of the econometric model provide interesting recommendations for policies supporting the development of business consulting in the Polish economy. Keywords: business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, innovativeness, multivariate discrete choice model, development support policy, econometric model, economy Sustainable development and entrepreneurship in emerging countries: Are sustainable development and entrepreneurship reciprocally reinforcing? Abstract PURPOSE: Entrepreneurship seen as an engine for economic development is especially desirable for emerging countries to support rapid growth. Moreover, entrepreneurs can support social transformation in favor of more sustainable products and services. Sustainable orientation of entrepreneurship contributes to sustainable development goals and prevents environmental deprivation. However, the sustainable development agenda can also influence entrepreneurship. METHODOLOGY: The conducted bibliometric analysis confirmed the growing interest among scholars in the correlation of entrepreneurship to sustainability in the last years. Furthermore, panel regression (static model) was used to explore the variables on entrepreneurship influencing the sustainable development goal (SDG) index in emerging countries, and Levin, Lin and Chu (LLC), W-Stat – IPS, ADF-Fisher Chi-Square, and PP-Fisher Chi-Square tests were applied to analyze the variables stationarity. In order to examine the existence of structural breaks, the robustness was checked on single cross-section units and on the whole panel dataset. In addition, the Hausmann test was used to select between random and fixed effects, and heteroskedasticity of residues, autocorrelation of residues and dependence of residues between the panels were conducted. Data was analyzed through Eviews 13. FINDINGS: This paper investigates the relationship between sustainability and entrepreneurship in emerging countries. It discusses the impact of sustainable development on entrepreneurship and the influence of entrepreneurship on sustainable development. IMPLICATIONS: The study results can be used by governments and policymakers to plan their strategies and policies concerning entrepreneurship and implementation of sustainable development goals. They should promote entrepreneurial activity and control the negative environmental impact of enterprises simultaneously. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The research addresses the gap in the literature concerning the relationship between sustainable development and sustainable entrepreneurship. The paper examines the reciprocal relationship between sustainable development and entrepreneurship with an emphasis on emerging countries. Keywords: entrepreneurship, sustainability, sustainable development, sustainable entrepreneurship, emerging countries, entrepreneurs Is Team Entrepreneurial Orientation important in generating creative business ideas? The moderating role of team-perceived heterogeneity and the individual creative mindset Abstract PURPOSE: The study aims to unveil if Team Entrepreneurial Orientation (TEO) facilitates identification of creative market opportunities understood as novelty and quality business ideas. Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) has rarely been measured at a team level and few studies have attempted to examine the relationship between EO and actual creative outcomes. The proposed research model searches for new patterns that can foster creativity of entrepreneurial teams. In addition, the research adds the moderating effect of perceived team heterogeneity and individual creative mindset (Growth-Creative and Fixed-Creative Mindsets) as contingency variables to improve the understanding under which circumstances the entrepreneurial teams generate creative business ideas. METHODOLOGY: The research sample comprises entrepreneurial teams from the Mondragon Team Academy in the Basque Country, Spain. The survey data were collected after the entrepreneurial teams performed idea generation. The applied experiment of idea generation of entrepreneurial teams has not been generated for the purpose of the study but it formed part of the natural processes of the selected sample of teams. The novelty and quality of business ideas were evaluated by experts in the field. The data relationships were analyzed through partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). FINDINGS: Entrepreneurial Orientation of teams leads to product-market entries but not necessarily to novel product-market entries. Entrepreneurially oriented teams have a greater tendency to generate quality and slightly modified existing business ideas rather than to generate novel market opportunities. The applied moderators present different interaction results with the studied relationships. Specifically, individuals with a Fixed-Creative Mindset in a team have an antagonistic interaction on the TEO-Quality relationship. Team-Perceived Heterogeneity and Growth-Creative Mindset of individuals have no effect on either the TEO-Quality or the TEO-Novelty link. IMPLICATIONS: The research demonstrates the importance of contextualization of the nature of creativity in EO as a crucial antecedent of market innovations. Our study adds to the literature and practice by providing evidence that EO at a team level (TEO) plays a critical role in exploring product-market entries, given that TEO facilitates Quality outcomes only. Entrepreneurially oriented teams do not easily achieve Novel outcomes that allow them to enter new markets. Individuals with Fixed Creative Mindset in a team should be avoided as they block the relationship between Team Entrepreneurial Orientation and Quality. Likewise, our study supports the validity of Entrepreneurial Orientation at a team level, which can lead to more suitable practical implications for a team and its creativity management if applied. It could help in developing appropriate team formation and team management practices. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The study proposes rare and unique EO analysis at a team level and at young companies’ level (start-up). The study contributes to the original and overlooked in the literature conceptualization of EO within Schumpeter’s perspective of “creative destruction” in entrepreneurial activities. The examined theoretical foundations of EO led to clearer antecedents of behavioural effects of entrepreneurial teams towards product-market entries. The study initiates, identifies and calls for new further research lines to contribute to a greater and contingent understanding of how entrepreneurial teams generate creative business ideas, especially, novel business ideas, which are necessary for “creative destruction”, the EO construct itself and overall economic development. Keywords: entrepreneurship, creativity, team, entrepreneurial orientation, creative outcomes. Subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention: A moderated-serial mediation model Abstract PURPOSE: This study aims to clarify the effect mechanism of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention. The results of how subjective norms contribute to forming start-up intention are inconsistent and unclear, which is notable in previous research. By integrating the theory of planned behavior and the theory of self-efficacy, we investigate whether entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship serially mediate the relationship between subjective norms and intention to start a business. In addition, this study examines the moderate role of entrepreneurial education on the serial indirect effect of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention via entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship. METHODOLOGY: This study utilized a sample of 958 master’s students in Vietnam to investigate a moderated-serial mediation model of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to check the reliability and validity of the scales. Then, the SPSS PROCESS macro developed by Hayes was employed to test the research model. Specifically, Model 6 was used to examine the serial indirect effect of subjective norms on start-up intention and Model 84 was implemented to investigate the moderate effect of entrepreneurial education. FINDINGS: The results of this study found that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude significantly mediate subjective norms’ effect on entrepreneurial intention. Especially, the results reveal that the serial mediation effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship was significant and entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship played a fully mediating role in the relationship between subjective norms and start-up intention. In addition, this study found that the serial mediation effect of subjective norms on start-up intention via entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude was negatively moderated by entrepreneurial education. IMPLICATIONS: The results of this study further clarify the relationship between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention and the role of entrepreneurial education, therefore, contributing to narrowing the notable gap between this relationship. Besides, our study provides several implications for governments and policymakers to promote the intention to start a business. The finding of our study indicates that subjective norms are an important factor in promoting entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, policymakers should take some actions to promote entrepreneurial culture, such as strengthening propaganda activities to promote the image of successful entrepreneurs, praising businesses and entrepreneurs who contribute to society, and giving evidence of their contribution to the development of the country. Promoting an entrepreneurial culture may increase peer group pressure on potential entrepreneurs, thus enhancing the intention to start a business. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study expects to contribute to a better understanding of the effect mechanism of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention and explain the role of entrepreneurial education in this relationship. This study explores the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude in the relationship between subjective norms and the intention to start a business. Additionally, this study demonstrates that entrepreneurial education weakens the serial mediation model of subjective norms on the intention to start a business. Keywords: subjective norm, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, attitude toward entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial education, the theory of planned behavior, the theory of self-efficacy, moderated-serial mediation model An overview of the empirical research on entrepreneurial alertness using a systematic literature review method Abstract PURPOSE: In the last two decades, the concept of entrepreneurial alertness (EA) has been considered a key element in investigating how individuals recognize entrepreneurial opportunities. Consequently, research on entrepreneurial alertness has grown considerably, attracting researchers’ attention from not only the field of entrepreneurship, but also other academic disciplines through which this concept has been studied from a variety of perspectives. Therefore, it is time to document researchers’ cumulative knowledge on entrepreneurial alertness. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive qualitative review and evaluation of the empirical entrepreneurial alertness research. METHODOLOGY: Based on a multi-step approach used in previous studies, which guarantees a systematic, transparent, and replicable literature review, this study identified a final sample of 84 articles published in scientific journals between 2005 and 2021 that empirically tested the concept of EA. The publications were sourced from the Web of Science database. Their analysis involved the evolution of published articles, the journals that have published the most articles, the countries where the research was undertaken, the measurement scales that have been used, and the research models in which entrepreneurial alertness has been hypothesized and examined through empirical research. FINDINGS: The results show that empirical research on entrepreneurial alertness grew significantly from 2016 to 2021, during which period almost 11 articles per year were published. Seven of the journals that published the articles contributed 28 percent of the total publications. Also, the results confirm that most of the empirical research on alertness has been carried out in developing economies, from which China stands out with 14 publications, representing 16 percent of the total. Additionally, the results confirm the growing consensus regarding the conceptualization and measurement of entrepreneurial alertness. Finally, the review resulted in the identification of five broad research models in which EA has been hypothesized and examined through empirical research: antecedents, consequences, mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation. The model examining the consequences or outcomes of entrepreneurial alertness has received the most attention, with 59 articles in this context. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: The identification of concepts and the type of relationship they have with entrepreneurial alertness help evaluate the advances of empirical research as well as the areas of opportunity. In this way, future studies can strengthen research and thus advance the general knowledge of alertness. The most studied topics are also a reflection of the contribution of entrepreneurial alertness toward practice, both at the individual and organizational levels. In addition, researchers interested in entrepreneurial alertness are encouraged to consider the progress made in the measurement of this aspect, which offers alternatives for investigation. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Based on the review of the literature, this study organizes the empirical research of entrepreneurial alertness in different research models, which provide important insights into its process. Moreover, this study uncovers potential areas to be addressed and thereby contributes to the study of entrepreneurial alertness. Keywords: entrepreneurial alertness, systematic literature review, entrepreneurial opportunity, research models, opportunity recognition, alertness, entrepreneurship The linkage between economic literacy and students’ intention of starting business: The mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness Abstract PURPOSE: Enhancing the number of entrepreneurs is a major study to combat economic and social problems. Psychological factors considered as effective stimulants for entrepreneurial behavior have attracted many researchers in the last decade. The purpose of this research attempts to examine how the influence of economic literacy can promote the intention of starting a new business among students and explore the role of entrepreneurial alertness in mediating this relationship. METHODOLOGY: The research adopted a quantitative approach in which hypotheses were statistically estimated using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) based on survey data using a self-administered questionnaire (n=450) from several universities in Indonesia. FINDINGS: The analysis indicates that economic literacy has a significant effect on students’ entrepreneurial alertness and intention to start a new business. Indeed, entrepreneurial alertness can mediate the relationship between economic literacy and the intention of starting a new business. However, among entrepreneurial alertness dimensions, scanning and search failed in determining the students’ intention of starting a new business. IMPLICATIONS: The result of this research can provide insight into the literature on the entrepreneurship theme and policymakers concerned with delivering new business creation. Besides, educational institutions can consider the matter of economic literacy to be part of their curricula in order to foster the students’ intention of starting a business. In addition, economic literacy also needs to be associated with examples relevant to entrepreneurial activities, especially in production, distribution, and online marketing. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The interesting findings of this paper serve as a reminder that entrepreneurial alertness is one of the predictor variables and mediators for raising the students’ intention. This implies that entrepreneurial alertness can be enhanced by economic literacy, as well as how they need to be used to improve course curriculum and the teaching pedagogy. Furthermore, educational institutions could provide business internship programs and entrepreneurship incubators to raise the students’ intention of starting business. Keywords: economic literacy, entrepreneurial alertness, intention, starting business

Author: Stephen Mokondo Moki (PhD)
Publisher: IPR Journals and Book Publishers
ISBN: 9914752713
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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TOPICS IN THE BOOK Understanding Customers’ Satisfaction and Loyalty to Product Quality and Branding in Cameroon Effects of Firm Size on Adoption of Digitalized Marketing Operations Tactics by Chain Supermarkets in Kenya Relationship between Firm Readiness and the Adoption of Digitalized Marketing Operations Tactics by Chain Supermarkets in Kenya The Impact of Globalization on Strategic Management in Lebanon Effect of Niche Marketing on Performance of International Courier Companies in Kenya

Author: Elie Hajj
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This research analyzes the effect of family sources of power on the corporate financial performance of Lebanese firms. Our sample was mainly involving small to medium unlisted Lebanese firms from across different sectors. We have used the multiple regression equation in order to create a relationship between family sources of power and Lebanese firm's financial performance. We have also analyzed how the family financial performance is negatively affected by a higher family ownership but on the other hand it improves the firm's growth rate and the same thing applies when considering family influence performed by the board of directors and financial performance. Furthermore, we found that with later generation ruling, the higher is the financial performance; however, this financial performance improvement comes along with a slow assets growth. With higher number of family members' shareholders, we will find an improvement in the firm financial performance and a downturn when talking about assets ' growth. To conclude, we can say that the majority of Lebanese family firms are dramatically influenced by family sources of power.

Author: Esra Memili
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038427810
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Performance and Behavior of Family Firms" that was published in IJFS

Author: Diego Matricano
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3111325210
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 203

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We all know that sustainable goals are a challenge and, specifically, firms play a key role in achieving them since they define and manage activities that impact our lives. For established firms, sustainable approaches are difficult to implement. For new firms, they may be not. More and more often, in fact, the new firms are born as good businesses: good as in ethical, good as in eco-sustainable and good as in performance (e.g., as measured by the SDGs). Scholars contributing to this volume have addressed their attention toward four main themes respectively dealing with: Opportunities for good (Part I); The influence of individual profiles on entrepreneurial processes for good (Part II); The type of firms and how they impact on entrepreneurial processes for good (Part III); The dynamics of entrepreneurial processes for good (Part IV). All the chapters included in the second volume of the series "Advances in Entrepreneurial Processes" are focused on entrepreneurial processes for good. The scholars contributing to this volume explore new approaches, open new perspectives of research, and share original results as well as they evoke additional contributions useful to advance the study of entrepreneurial processes.

Author: S. Bhaumik
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137473584
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 150

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Family firms account for a large proportion of firms in most countries. In industrialised countries of North America and Western Europe, they generally account for a large share of small and medium sized enterprises. In emerging market economies such as India, they also account for the majority of the large firms. Their importance for factors such as employment creation notwithstanding, relative to the widely held Anglo-Saxon firms, which are ubiquitous in the economics, finance and management literatures, family firms have historically received much less attention from scholars of these disciplines. However, in part owing to increased focus on emerging markets, there is a growing literature on family firms. In How Family Firms Differ, the authors explore important aspects of family firms, drawing on the existing literature and their own research on these firms.

Author: Ana Paula Matias Gama
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9813348461
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 126

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This book examines the relationship between family influence and financial performance and non-economic goals in small and medium family-owned enterprises (SME) in Portugal. Research on the performance of family-owned firms is growing but results are mixed, especially for non-listed companies. This book examines smaller family-owned firms that operate in a small, open economy, characterised by a context of relatively weak capital markets and predominantly bank-based financing. Delving into the impact of key variables such as the power dimension, experience and culture on performance establishes, the book goes on to analyse the determinants of performance in such family-owned SMEs. Given the importance of family firms to open economies, this book would be a valuable read to scholars aiming to understand the reasons behind their success, managers seeking out strategic and operational guidance and to regulators and policymakers at the regional and national levels.

Author: Christelle Abou Fayad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The aim of this thesis is to test the relation between the Entrepreneurial orientation of a firm's top manager and the financial performance of the Lebanese companies and how the managerial power can moderate this relationship. In that aim we elaborated four hypotheses. The first hypothesis indicated that Entrepreneurial orientation is positively correlated with financial performance. The second suggested that the educational power moderates positively the impact level of EO on firm performance. The third proposed that Structural power moderates negatively the level of EO impact on firm performance. And the fourth hypothesis stated that the Expert power moderates positively the level of EO impact on firm performance. In order to authenticate our hypothesis, we collected primary data by using quantitative method. Therefore, we completed an inquiry by surveying seventy Lebanese companies through a questionnaire formed by closed semi closed and unipolar questions. The results of the empirical study led us to conclude that by looking at EO as a uni-dimensional construct no relation were significant between the EO and financial performance but when looking at it as a multidimensional construct a very low significance appear at the level of innovativeness and proactivness and firm performance. As for the moderating effect of managerial power the results did not prove a clear improvement when testing each type of power. The fundamental reason to the results stated is that the Lebanese companies are highly family oriented.