Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Connected and Automated Vehicles PDF full book. Access full book title Connected and Automated Vehicles by Sia Macmillan Lyimo. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Sia Macmillan Lyimo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automated vehicles Languages : en Pages : 149
Book Description
Autonomous vehicles have recently gained the attention of researchers due to their expected potential benefits on highway traffic streams, such as improving roadway capacity, among others. It is imperative to investigate how these expected benefits can be leveraged in the transportation sector. Understanding the safety and operational benefits helps the concerned transportation agencies and other key stakeholders to make necessary infrastructural and policy adjustments to accommodate such future traffic operation changes. The main goal of this dissertation is to study the impact of connected and automated vehicles on freeway capacity. The simulated environment was created to emulate autonomous vehicle behaviors, connectivity between vehicles, and various scenarios that answer research questions to achieve the research goal. The first case study uses simulated traffic flows at different percentages of human-driven heavy vehicles (HDHVs) and automated passenger cars (APCs) to investigate the impacts of both HDHVs and APCs on freeway capacity. In addition, the future applicability of the current design guidelines presented in the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) is investigated. This case study provides information on how passenger car automation affects freeway capacity. Also, a modified formula is proposed in place of the current HCM formula for determining vehicle adjustment factors due to HDHVs and APCs in the traffic stream capacity. Also, a modified formula is proposed in place of the current HCM formula for determining vehicle adjustment factors due to HDHVs and APCs in the traffic stream. Another case study investigates the impact of connected and automated heavy vehicles (CAHV) on freeway basic section capacity. Various simulations were conducted considering the percent of human-driven heavy vehicles (HDHV) in the mix, platoon size, and percent of CAHV on HDHV and lane restriction. The simulation results provide insights into how these factors impact the freeway's capacity. In particular, freeway capacity significantly increased with CAHV and lane restriction scenarios. The increase in capacity was apparent at a higher percentage of trucks in the traffic mix. Regarding CAHV platoon size, the capacity does not appear to significantly change with platoon size for a given percent of trucks in the traffic mix. Furthermore, a system-wide case study is conducted in Michigan, covering all the interstates. The model developed using simulated results is used to assess how the introduction of CAHVs alters the current capacity and their respective level of services without incurring any infrastructural changes. The observed positive benefits at the system-wide level are discussed, and recommendations are provided to transportation agencies. Lastly, the study investigates how the adoption of connectivity and automation in the vehicle industry will strengthen transportation equity, especially for people with disabilities and non-motorized user groups. The survey on non-users was used to identify factors associated with differences in the perception of the feasibility of the autonomous shuttles for solving the first and last-mile travel. The results provide insight to transportation planners on the possibilities of solving the first and last mile problem among people with disabilities. At the same time, they provide information about the concerns of the non-motorized users should the technology be adopted and operated on the same infrastructure as those used by the non-motorized users.
Author: Sia Macmillan Lyimo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automated vehicles Languages : en Pages : 149
Book Description
Autonomous vehicles have recently gained the attention of researchers due to their expected potential benefits on highway traffic streams, such as improving roadway capacity, among others. It is imperative to investigate how these expected benefits can be leveraged in the transportation sector. Understanding the safety and operational benefits helps the concerned transportation agencies and other key stakeholders to make necessary infrastructural and policy adjustments to accommodate such future traffic operation changes. The main goal of this dissertation is to study the impact of connected and automated vehicles on freeway capacity. The simulated environment was created to emulate autonomous vehicle behaviors, connectivity between vehicles, and various scenarios that answer research questions to achieve the research goal. The first case study uses simulated traffic flows at different percentages of human-driven heavy vehicles (HDHVs) and automated passenger cars (APCs) to investigate the impacts of both HDHVs and APCs on freeway capacity. In addition, the future applicability of the current design guidelines presented in the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) is investigated. This case study provides information on how passenger car automation affects freeway capacity. Also, a modified formula is proposed in place of the current HCM formula for determining vehicle adjustment factors due to HDHVs and APCs in the traffic stream capacity. Also, a modified formula is proposed in place of the current HCM formula for determining vehicle adjustment factors due to HDHVs and APCs in the traffic stream. Another case study investigates the impact of connected and automated heavy vehicles (CAHV) on freeway basic section capacity. Various simulations were conducted considering the percent of human-driven heavy vehicles (HDHV) in the mix, platoon size, and percent of CAHV on HDHV and lane restriction. The simulation results provide insights into how these factors impact the freeway's capacity. In particular, freeway capacity significantly increased with CAHV and lane restriction scenarios. The increase in capacity was apparent at a higher percentage of trucks in the traffic mix. Regarding CAHV platoon size, the capacity does not appear to significantly change with platoon size for a given percent of trucks in the traffic mix. Furthermore, a system-wide case study is conducted in Michigan, covering all the interstates. The model developed using simulated results is used to assess how the introduction of CAHVs alters the current capacity and their respective level of services without incurring any infrastructural changes. The observed positive benefits at the system-wide level are discussed, and recommendations are provided to transportation agencies. Lastly, the study investigates how the adoption of connectivity and automation in the vehicle industry will strengthen transportation equity, especially for people with disabilities and non-motorized user groups. The survey on non-users was used to identify factors associated with differences in the perception of the feasibility of the autonomous shuttles for solving the first and last-mile travel. The results provide insight to transportation planners on the possibilities of solving the first and last mile problem among people with disabilities. At the same time, they provide information about the concerns of the non-motorized users should the technology be adopted and operated on the same infrastructure as those used by the non-motorized users.
Author: Markus Maurer Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3662488477 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 698
Book Description
This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".
Author: Gereon Meyer Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319190784 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 226
Book Description
This paper collection is the second volume of the LNMOB series on Road Vehicle Automation. The book contains a comprehensive review of current technical, socio-economic, and legal perspectives written by experts coming from public authorities, companies and universities in the U.S., Europe and Japan. It originates from the Automated Vehicle Symposium 2014, which was jointly organized by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) and the Transportation Research Board (TRB) in Burlingame, CA, in July 2014. The contributions discuss the challenges arising from the integration of highly automated and self-driving vehicles into the transportation system, with a focus on human factors and different deployment scenarios. This book is an indispensable source of information for academic researchers, industrial engineers, and policy makers interested in the topic of road vehicle automation.
Author: Petros Ioannou Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475745737 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 366
Book Description
Experts address some of the main issues and uncertainties associated with the design and deployment of Automated Highway Systems (AHS). They discuss new AHS concepts, technology, and benefits, as well as institutional, environmental, and social issues - concerns that will affect dramatically the operation of the current highway system from both the vehicle and infrastructure points of view.
Author: Amir Ghiasi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Autonomous vehicles Languages : en Pages : 184
Book Description
Emerging connected and autonomous vehicle technologies (CAV) provide an opportunity to improve highway capacity and reduce adverse impacts of stop-and-go traffic. To realize the potential benefits of CAV technologies, this study provides insightful methodological and managerial tools in microscopic and macroscopic traffic scales. In the macroscopic scale, this dissertation proposes an analytical method to formulate highway capacity for a mixed traffic environment where a portion of vehicles are CAVs and the remaining are human-driven vehicles (HVs). The proposed analytical mixed traffic highway capacity model is based on a Markov chain representation of spatial distribution of heterogeneous and stochastic headways. This model captures not only the full spectrum of CAV market penetration rates but also all possible values of CAV platooning intensities that largely affect the spatial distribution of different headway types. Numerical experiments verify that this analytical model accurately quantifies the corresponding mixed traffic capacity at various settings. This analytical model allows for examination of the impact of different CAV technology scenarios on mixed traffic capacity. We identify sufficient and necessary conditions for the mixed traffic capacity to increase (or decrease) with CAV market penetration rate and platooning intensity. These theoretical results caution scholars not to take CAVs as a sure means of increasing highway capacity for granted but rather to quantitatively analyze the actual headway settings before drawing any qualitative conclusion.
Author: Edoardo Espinoza Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 180
Book Description
Connected and Autonomous vehicles (CAVs) have risen in popularity in recent years and are expected to bring with them many changes including driver safety, expansion of ridership from people currently unable to drive, and more travel miles from long trip commuters. From an engineering standpoint, CAVs are expected to bring with them an increase in highway capacities because of their ability to react faster than human drivers and produce shorter time headways between successive vehicles. CAVs are not anticipated to dominate the traffic stream until another 20 to 40 years and are expected to be introduced gradually into the transportation system. Shorter time headways suggest that freeways may be positively affected by the new technology and new procedures will need to be established in order to analyze highway capacities in the future. The 6th Edition Highway Capacity Manual is one of the main sources that is used by the engineering community to estimate capacities of freeway segments. This study documents a new simulation tool to discover the capacity implications for a basic freeway segment of different CAV market penetrations and reduced time headways
Author: James M. Anderson Publisher: Rand Corporation ISBN: 0833084372 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.
Author: Kevin Heaslip Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automated vehicles Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This study was designed to assess capacity changes due to the introduction of connected vehicles (CVs) and automated vehicles (AVs) on Virginia freeway corridors. Overall, three vehicle types, including legacy vehicles (LVs); vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC) (AVs); and vehicles equipped with cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) (connected automated vehicles [CAVs]), were considered in mixed traffic scenarios. Each scenario included light-duty passenger vehicles and heavy vehicles (HVs) with AV and CAV capabilities to determine their overall effect on capacity. The team developed an AV and CAV driving behavior model and evaluated it on a test network. According to the testing results, the 100% AV and 100% CAV scenarios increased road capacity by 28% and 92% over the 100% LV scenario, respectively, on a basic freeway segment with intermediate vehicle behavior. Moreover, in the case of the HV scenario, AVs and CAVs showed a substantial capacity increase. Simulations were also conducted on models of I-95 in Virginia, where AVs and CAVs improved capacity compared to LVs. However, in some scenarios during congested conditions, AVs performed worse than LVs with reduced speeds and increased travel times because of the frequent stop-and-go conditions because of short headways. This issue was mitigated with the implementation of CAVs because of their ability to communicate and increase string stability. Under uncongested conditions, AVs and CAVs improved throughput and reduced delays as compared to LVs but caused a small decrease in speeds and an increase in travel times. Additional simulations were performed on models of I-81 to test the effects of extended grades and high percentages of HVs, where AVs and CAVs were found to have a high potential of improving operations when compared to LVs. The presence of steep grades negatively affected the performance of all types of vehicles, especially HVs, when compared to flat terrain. CAVs with their communication capabilities, particularly at high market penetrations, were capable of achieving capacity increases over AV and LV scenarios in the selected I-81 segment. AVs and CAVs proved capable of improving highway operations. Even in the presence of high percentages of HVs and steep grades, vehicles equipped with AV and CAV technologies provided better performance than LVs. Ultimately, AVs and CAVs need full market penetration to operate at their maximum potential. However, these technologies, even in mixed traffic, could still offer operational benefits at lower penetrations. The Virginia Department of Transportation's (VDOT) Traffic Engineering Division should stay updated on developments in AVs to ensure that VDOT simulation models reflect the existing and anticipated vehicle fleet. They should consider using the capacities described in this report as guidance when calibrating models of CVs and AVs in simulations of freeway corridors. Because capacity estimates depend on AV and CAV market penetration, VDOT and the Virginia Transportation Research Council should investigate methods to estimate the prevalence, capabilities, and rate of usage of CV and AV driving technologies on Virginia roads.
Author: Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030660427 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 345
Book Description
This book combines comprehensive multi-angle discussions on fully connected and automated vehicle highway implementation. It covers the current progress of the works towards autonomous vehicle highway development, which encompasses the discussion on the technical, social, and policy as well as security aspects of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) topics. This, in return, will be beneficial to a vast amount of readers who are interested in the topics of CAV, Automated Highway and Smart City, among many others. Topics include, but are not limited to, Autonomous Vehicle in the Smart City, Automated Highway, Smart-Cities Transportation, Mobility as a Service, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Data Management of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle, Autonomous Trucks, and Autonomous Freight Transportation. Brings together contributions discussing the latest research in full automated highway implementation; Discusses topics such as autonomous vehicles, intelligent transportation systems, and smart highways; Features contributions from researchers, academics, and professionals from a broad perspective.
Author: Sia Macmillan Lyimo
Author: Sia Macmillan Lyimo
Author: Wei Fan
Author: Markus Maurer
Author: Gereon Meyer
Author: Petros Ioannou
Author: Amir Ghiasi
Author: Edoardo Espinoza
Author: James M. Anderson
Author: Kevin Heaslip
Author: Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid