Impact of Agricultural Management and Microbial Inoculation on Soybean (glycine Max) and Its Associated Microbiome PDF Download
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Author: Reid Longley Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Soybean (Glycine max) is a globally important crop with uses as food, cooking oil livestock feed, and biodiesel. Soybean can be considered holobionts because they host diverse microbiomes which extend plant genotypes and phenotypes through various microbial functions such as nitrogen fixation and increased disease resistance. My research focused on assessing the impact of three agricultural management strategies on the soybean holobiont.Soybean cropping systems can be managed using various strategies, including conventional tillage, no-till, and organic management regimes. These management systems have been shown to impact the microbiomes of soybean-associated soils, however, their impacts on plant-associated microbiomes are still not well understood. In this study, I assessed the impact of conventional, no-till, and organic management treatments on soybean microbiomes at Michigan State's Kellogg Biological Station Long-Term Ecological Research site (KBS LTER). I found that management impacted microbiome composition and diversity in soil, roots, stems, and leaves and that this impact persisted throughout the season. Additionally, when comparing the same soybean genotype grown in conventional and no-till management systems, tillage regime impacted the microbiome throughout the plant and the growing season. This effect impacted microbial taxa which are likely to be plant beneficial, including nitrogen fixing Bradyrhizobium.Another important management tool that is expected to impact plant-associated microbial communities is the application of foliar fungicides. While fungicides are known to protect plants from particular fungal pathogens, non-target impacts of fungicides on crop microbiomes, and the impact of management on microbiome recovery are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, I assessed the impact of foliar fungicide application on the maize (Headline℗ʼ fungicide, 2017) and soybean (Delaro℗ʼ fungicide, 2018) microbiomes in conventional and no-till plots at the KBS LTER. I found that fungicide applications have a non-target impact on Tremellomycete yeasts in the phyllosphere and this impact was greater in soybean than maize. Co-occurrence network analysis and random forest modelling indicated that changes in fungal communities may lead to indirect impacts on prokaryotic communities in the phyllosphere. Importantly, this work demonstrated that phyllosphere communities of soybeans under no-till management had greater recovery from fungicide disturbance. This novel finding exemplifies how tillage regime can impact phyllosphere microbiomes and their responses to disturbance.Microbial inoculants in agriculture have long been used for biocontrol of pathogens, but there is also interest in their use to dampen the impacts of abiotic stress including drought. In this study, I tested whether inoculating soybeans with hub taxa identified through network analysis from no-till soybean root microbiome data from the KBS LTER could provide protection against water limitation. Soybean seedlings were enriched in consortia of hub bacteria and fungi and were grown in no-till field soil. Seedlings were then exposed to low-moisture stress, and plant phenotypes, plant gene expression, and amplicon sequencing of microbial DNA and cDNA were assessed throughout the stress period. Inoculation increased plant growth, nodule numbers, and led to increased expression of nodulation-associated genes. 16S sequencing of cDNA revealed higher levels Bradyrhizobium in inoculated samples. These results indicate that inoculation with hub microbes can benefit soybean plants, possibly through interaction with other microbes, interaction with the plant, or both. In summary, fungicide, tillage, and inoculation all impact the soybean microbiome, indicating that management choices impact the entire holobiont.
Author: Reid Longley Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Soybean (Glycine max) is a globally important crop with uses as food, cooking oil livestock feed, and biodiesel. Soybean can be considered holobionts because they host diverse microbiomes which extend plant genotypes and phenotypes through various microbial functions such as nitrogen fixation and increased disease resistance. My research focused on assessing the impact of three agricultural management strategies on the soybean holobiont.Soybean cropping systems can be managed using various strategies, including conventional tillage, no-till, and organic management regimes. These management systems have been shown to impact the microbiomes of soybean-associated soils, however, their impacts on plant-associated microbiomes are still not well understood. In this study, I assessed the impact of conventional, no-till, and organic management treatments on soybean microbiomes at Michigan State's Kellogg Biological Station Long-Term Ecological Research site (KBS LTER). I found that management impacted microbiome composition and diversity in soil, roots, stems, and leaves and that this impact persisted throughout the season. Additionally, when comparing the same soybean genotype grown in conventional and no-till management systems, tillage regime impacted the microbiome throughout the plant and the growing season. This effect impacted microbial taxa which are likely to be plant beneficial, including nitrogen fixing Bradyrhizobium.Another important management tool that is expected to impact plant-associated microbial communities is the application of foliar fungicides. While fungicides are known to protect plants from particular fungal pathogens, non-target impacts of fungicides on crop microbiomes, and the impact of management on microbiome recovery are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, I assessed the impact of foliar fungicide application on the maize (Headline℗ʼ fungicide, 2017) and soybean (Delaro℗ʼ fungicide, 2018) microbiomes in conventional and no-till plots at the KBS LTER. I found that fungicide applications have a non-target impact on Tremellomycete yeasts in the phyllosphere and this impact was greater in soybean than maize. Co-occurrence network analysis and random forest modelling indicated that changes in fungal communities may lead to indirect impacts on prokaryotic communities in the phyllosphere. Importantly, this work demonstrated that phyllosphere communities of soybeans under no-till management had greater recovery from fungicide disturbance. This novel finding exemplifies how tillage regime can impact phyllosphere microbiomes and their responses to disturbance.Microbial inoculants in agriculture have long been used for biocontrol of pathogens, but there is also interest in their use to dampen the impacts of abiotic stress including drought. In this study, I tested whether inoculating soybeans with hub taxa identified through network analysis from no-till soybean root microbiome data from the KBS LTER could provide protection against water limitation. Soybean seedlings were enriched in consortia of hub bacteria and fungi and were grown in no-till field soil. Seedlings were then exposed to low-moisture stress, and plant phenotypes, plant gene expression, and amplicon sequencing of microbial DNA and cDNA were assessed throughout the stress period. Inoculation increased plant growth, nodule numbers, and led to increased expression of nodulation-associated genes. 16S sequencing of cDNA revealed higher levels Bradyrhizobium in inoculated samples. These results indicate that inoculation with hub microbes can benefit soybean plants, possibly through interaction with other microbes, interaction with the plant, or both. In summary, fungicide, tillage, and inoculation all impact the soybean microbiome, indicating that management choices impact the entire holobiont.
Author: KorblaEdwin Akley Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Microbial inoculation of grain legumes improves crop yield and soil quality. Grain legumes such as soybean as requires host specific Brayrhizobium japonicum to enhance growth, nitrogen fixation, and grain yield. However, limited information exists on how commercial Bradyrhizobium inoculants affect symbiotic plant performance and yield of soybean, and as well as soil health in Ghana's cropping systems. A field study (2-yr) was conducted at CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute's experimental field at Nyankpala, Ghana to determine the impacts of Bradyrhizobium inoculants on; (1) growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, grain yield of soybean, and (2) soil biological and chemical properties. We also evaluated the commercial inoculants effects on the subsequent maize and soybean crops. The experiment was laid out as a split-plot design where the main plot consisted of tropical soybean (Glycine max crosses (TGX)) varieties; Jenguma (TGX1448-2E), Afayak (TGX1834-5E), and Songda (TGX 1445-3E). The subplot consisted of three commercial Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculants with different strains, Biofix (USDA 110), NoduMax (USDA 110) and Legumefix (USDA 532c) plus an uninoculated control. Assessment was made on nodulation pattern, shoot biomass, nitrogen fixation, grain yield, and residual N balance. Bulk and rhizosphere soils were sampled and analyzed for soil pH, available soil N (NO3-N and NH4+-N) and P, and soil microbial community structure by phospholipids fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Inoculants improved nodulation, shoot biomass, nitrogen fixation and grain yield of soybean. Greater responses were associated with NoduMax and Biofix. Inoculation increased grain yield by ~30 %. Commercial inoculants also increased microbial biomass, and available P and NH4+-N. Afayak outperformed the other soybean varieties for biomass dry matter, nodulation (nodule number) and grain yield. Afayak also stimulated greater microbial biomass and available P compared to Jenguma. Furthermore, enhance microbial biomass was found in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil due to soil enrichment with root exudate and commercial inoculants. In assessing, the previous year commercial inoculants effect on the subsequent soybean and maize crops, three (3) independent mineral N fertilizer rates (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1) were added to the soybean-maize rotation phase. Biofix yielded superior maize shoot dry matter and grain yield. Maize grain yield from previous commercial inoculants was equivalent to grain yield from 50 kg N ha-1mineral N fertilizer ). Thus inoculating soybean with commercial inoculants reduced mineral N nutrition for the subsequent maize crop by 50%. In the soybean-soybean phase, the previous Biofix and the uninoculated control produced significant soybean grain yield than the previous NoduMax. In conclusion, TGX soybean varieties exhibited superior performance when inoculated with commercial inoculants especially Biofix and NoduMax. However yearly inoculation of soybean is needed to sustain enhanced grain yield and soil quality in Northern Ghana.
Author: Gowhar Hamid Dar Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031329678 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 331
Book Description
This volume discusses innovative advancements in soil and crop microbiome technology and methods to support agricultural sustainability and reduce soil degradation. As climate change impacts agricultural productivity and soil health in impacted regions throughout the world, potential alternatives to find balance between soil health and crop yield are increasingly needed. Therefore, this book provides a timely, global perspective with a collection of expert authors to address how microbiomes can be used to achieve agricultural sustainability in threatened and degraded areas, while also covering related matters including soil health, pest management, waste disposal, environmental contamination, biofertilizer production, composting, and microbial engineering. The book is meant to serve as a reference for agriculturalists, environmentalists, graduate and post-graduate students, researchers, and professors of sustainability and agricultural management.
Author: Baoyu Tian Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832549608 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 223
Book Description
Plant pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, insect pests, etc., can pose a great threat to plants in agricultural and natural ecosystems worldwide. The plant disease triangle illustrates that pathogenesis in the plant is not only the outcome of the interactions between the plant host and pathogens but also the consequence of their interactions with the microbiomes associated with plant hosts and pathogens. Both microbiomes associated with plant host and pathogen regulate plant health and pathogen infection. Microbes can play an important role in promoting plant growth, and protecting from pathogens and/or insects. A healthy plant microbiome is crucial for plant survival, production, nutrient acquisition, abiotic or biotic stress tolerance, etc. However, the microbiome does not always cooperatively interact with plant hosts to promote host health. They may also deter plant health or promote pathogenicity by the production of toxins, suppressing plant innate immunity, or building a symbiotic or mutual relationship with pathogens or insect pests to facilitate the occurrence of plant disease. In addition, the disease can result in a plant if a susceptible host plant is in intimate association with a virulent pathogen under favorable or altered abiotic or biotic environmental conditions. For example, growing evidence suggests disease occurrence in plants is often accompanied by changes in the associated microbial community structure, composition, and even function.
Author: Ajar Nath Yadav Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811532087 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
Microbes are ubiquitous in nature, and plant-microbe interactions are a key strategy for colonizing diverse habitats. The plant microbiome (epiphytic, endophytic and rhizospheric) plays an important role in plant growth and development and soil health. Further, rhizospheric soil is a valuable natural resource, hosting hotspots of microbes, and is vital in the maintenance of global nutrient balance and ecosystem function. The term endophytic microbes refers to those microorganisms that colonize the interior the plants. The phyllosphere is a common niche for synergism between microbes and plants and includes the leaf surface. The diverse group of microbes are key components of soil-plant systems, and where they are engaged in an extensive network of interactions in the rhizosphere/endophytic/phyllospheric they have emerged as an important and promising tool for sustainable agriculture. Plant microbiomes help to directly or indirectly promote plant growth using plant growth promoting attributes, and could potentially be used as biofertilizers/bioinoculants in place of chemical fertilizers. This book allows readers to gain an understanding of microbial diversity associated with plant systems and their role in plant growth, and soil health. Offering an overview of the state of the art in plant microbiomes and their potential biotechnological applications in agriculture and allied sectors, it is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and students in the field of microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, molecular biology, environmental biology and related subjects.
Author: Javid A. Parray Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 111983077X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
Improve the quality and productivity of your crops through selecting positive and effective interactive core-microbiomes As microbial cells are present in overwhelming numbers in our soil, it is perhaps inevitable that microbes are found extensively in plant and animal tissue. The role of microbiomes on the regulation of physiological processes in animals has been extensively researched in recent years, but the overarching role of the plant microbiome has yet to be discovered. Core Microbiome: Improving Crop Quality and Productivity is an attempt to remediate some of that deficit, as the first book to summarize feature of microbial communities that make up the plant microbiome. There is substantial evidence that these communities are crucial in disease control, enhanced nutrient acquisition, and stress tolerance—a feature more important than ever due to climate change. A further focus on improving how core microbiomes interact so that they are both phenotypically and genotypically very adaptive and sustainable will allow the reader to improve the quality and productivity of crops so that they may be considered sustainable agriculture. Core Microbiome readers will also find: Descriptions of the basic structure of core microbiomes and their functions across various habitats New and cutting-edge trends and technological innovations highlighted that use core microbiomes to harness plant microbiome interaction The structure, classification, and biotechnological applications of aquatic core microbiomes, in addition to the material on plant microbiomes As a broad introduction to the interaction of core microbiome and plant productivity, Core Microbiome is ideal for researchers and scientists working in the field of environmental science, environmental microbiology, and waste management. Similarly, undergraduate and graduate students in these fields, as well as in agriculture, biotechnology, biosciences, and life and environmental sciences will also benefit from this work.
Author: Su-Jung Kim Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The research was conducted to examine the impact of GR soybean treated with glyphosate on rhizobacterial activities involved in IAA production and soil C and N mineralization in different soil management systems; to determine the effects of commercial foliar amendments on microbial activities in the rhizosphere of GR soybean under glyphosate treatment; and to characterize the effects of selected deleterious rhizobacteria from the soybean rhizosphere on the root growth of ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) seedlings. GR soybean modified the composition of overall rhizobacteria populations and the proportion of IAA-producing rhizobacteria. Glyphosate and foliar amendments affected soil microbial respiration, N mineralization, and urease activity to a limited extent, possibly due to reduced levels of root exudates caused by the treatments. Inhibition of ivyleaf morningglory seedling growth by Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate GD3 was greater than IAA alone. Certain rhizobacteria in the soybean rhizosphere may be potential biocontrol agents for managing selected weeds including ivyleaf morningglory, which is difficult to control with glyphosate in many cropping systems.
Author: Reid Longley
Author: Reid Longley
Author: KorblaEdwin Akley
Author: Alok Kumar Srivastava
Author: Gowhar Hamid Dar![Interactive Effect of Beneficial Microorganisms on Growth and Yield of Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill] Under Microcosm Conditions PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/8CTHrQEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Basavaraja
Author: Baoyu Tian
Author: Ajar Nath Yadav
Author: Javid A. Parray
Author: Su-Jung Kim
Author: Ching Feaw Tan