Effets induits par une tâche attentionnelle sur la marche humaine PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Effets induits par une tâche attentionnelle sur la marche humaine PDF full book. Access full book title Effets induits par une tâche attentionnelle sur la marche humaine by Véronique Dubost-Fontaine. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Book Description
Human walking is considered as an automatic motor activity which is controlled by the subcortical and spinal regions, involving few attentional resources. Age-related changing of spatio-temporal gait parameters has been related to the loss of the automatic caracter of gait control and involvement of attentionnal control. The study of the relationship between attention and gait control is interesting to evaluate the risk of falls in older adults and may be obtained using dual-task paradigms. Mean gait parameters are well known, however, stride-to-stride variability has been less studied, in spite of the gait variability is a sensitive marker reflecting the control of gait by the CNS. A high variability is used as a clinical index of gait unsteadiness in relation with attentional control of the cortical regions. There are several validity concerns related to the methodology used to study locomotor control. The most common concern consists of the association of stride variability with stride velocity of the tested subjects. Stride velocity has been demonstrated to influence stride time variability. Because stride velocity often decreases under dual-task condition, the dual-task related increase in stride time variability therefore could be provoked by either the decrease in walking speed, the attention-demanding task itself, or both. Thus, the aims of this study is to answer to the following questions: 1) What is the influence of gait velocity on stride-to-stride variability? and 2) Is attention required to control the rhythmic steping mechanism of walking in helathy young adults? We used a dual-task paradigm, i.e. gait while backward counting or gait while verbal fluency task, and analysed both cognitive performance and gait parameters, adjusted for gait velocity. Whatever the subject's group and the nature of the attentional task tested, our results showed dual-task related changes, especially, gait velocity decrease (in relation with stride time increase), and stride time variability increase. This increased variability under dual-task was not related to the decrease of stride velocity, thus demonstrating the attentional control of the rhythmic stepping mechanism not only in older adults, but also in healthy young adults.
Book Description
Human walking is considered as an automatic motor activity which is controlled by the subcortical and spinal regions, involving few attentional resources. Age-related changing of spatio-temporal gait parameters has been related to the loss of the automatic caracter of gait control and involvement of attentionnal control. The study of the relationship between attention and gait control is interesting to evaluate the risk of falls in older adults and may be obtained using dual-task paradigms. Mean gait parameters are well known, however, stride-to-stride variability has been less studied, in spite of the gait variability is a sensitive marker reflecting the control of gait by the CNS. A high variability is used as a clinical index of gait unsteadiness in relation with attentional control of the cortical regions. There are several validity concerns related to the methodology used to study locomotor control. The most common concern consists of the association of stride variability with stride velocity of the tested subjects. Stride velocity has been demonstrated to influence stride time variability. Because stride velocity often decreases under dual-task condition, the dual-task related increase in stride time variability therefore could be provoked by either the decrease in walking speed, the attention-demanding task itself, or both. Thus, the aims of this study is to answer to the following questions: 1) What is the influence of gait velocity on stride-to-stride variability? and 2) Is attention required to control the rhythmic steping mechanism of walking in helathy young adults? We used a dual-task paradigm, i.e. gait while backward counting or gait while verbal fluency task, and analysed both cognitive performance and gait parameters, adjusted for gait velocity. Whatever the subject's group and the nature of the attentional task tested, our results showed dual-task related changes, especially, gait velocity decrease (in relation with stride time increase), and stride time variability increase. This increased variability under dual-task was not related to the decrease of stride velocity, thus demonstrating the attentional control of the rhythmic stepping mechanism not only in older adults, but also in healthy young adults.
Book Description
Objectif : mettre en évidence l’efficacité respective d’une rééducation de l’équilibre statique ou de la marche sur la qualité de l’équilibre statique et dynamique d’une personne âgée présentant des troubles cognitifs. Population : 10 patients apte à la marche et présentant des troubles cognitifs issus de services de deux SSR ont participé à l’étude (âge moyen 85.5 ans, MMSE moyen 16,34). Méthodes : durant trois semaines, les patients issus de chaque service ont bénéficié d’une prise en charge spécialisée dans la marche ou l’équilibre. Les critères évalués ont été le test de Tinetti Balance scale, le test de Berg, le TUGT, le MMS le 10 mètre marche en condition normale (10MMN), rapide (10MMR) et double tache (10MMDT), en terme de pas (P) et de durée (C). Résultats : le groupe spécialisé dans l’équilibre présente une progression dans le test de Tinetti 7.9% plus importante que celle du groupe de marche. Les résultats du groupe équilibre sont également meilleurs dans le Tinetti-équilibre (1,4%), le test de Berg (4.6%), Tinetti-marche (0.8%), 10MMRP (-1pas), TMM (0.6%), TUGT (0.6s). En revanche le groupe de marche présente une meilleure progression dans le 10MMNC (1.6s), le 10MMRC (2,6s), le 10MMDTC (5.2s), le 10MMNP (-2.2 pas), le 10MMDTP (-5.6 pas). Discussion et conclusion : l’ensemble des résultats est non significatif, aucune conclusion immédiate ne peut être tirée. Cependant les progressions observées tendent à montrer l’importance d’une prise en charge mixte, alliant équilibre et marche. Il serait intéressant de mener cette étude à grande échelle de façon à avoir une meilleure puissance statistique
Author: Andrea Maloney Schara Publisher: ISBN: 9780615928791 Category : Families Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
"Your Mindful Compass" takes us behind the emotional curtain to see the mechanisms regulating individuals in social systems. There is great comfort and wisdom in knowing we can increase our awareness to manage the swift and ancient mechanisms of social control. We can gain greater flexibility by seeing how social controls work in systems from ants to humans. To be less controlled by others, we learn how emotional systems influence our relationship-oriented brain. People want to know what goes on in families that give rise to amazing leaders and/or terrorists. For the first time in history we can understand the systems in which we live. The social sciences have been accumulating knowledge since the early fifties as to how we are regulated by others. S. Milgram, S. Ashe, P. Zimbardo and J. Calhoun, detail the vulnerability to being duped and deceived and the difficulty of cooperating when values differ. Murray Bowen, M.D., the first researcher to observe several live-in families, for up to three years, at the National Institute of Mental Health. Describing how family members overly influence one another and distribute stress unevenly, Bowen described both how symptoms and family leaders emerge in highly stressed families. Our brain is not organized to automatically perceive that each family has an emotional system, fine-tuned by evolution and "valuing" its survival as a whole, as much as the survival of any individual. It is easier to see this emotional system function in ants or mice but not in humans. The emotional system is organized to snooker us humans: encouraging us to take sides, run away from others, to pressure others, to get sick, to blame others, and to have great difficulty in seeing our part in problems. It is hard to see that we become anxious, stressed out and even that we are difficult to deal with. But "thinking systems" can open the doors of perception, allowing us to experience the world in a different way. This book offers both coaching ideas and stories from leaders as to strategies to break out from social control by de-triangling, using paradoxes, reversals and other types of interruptions of highly linked emotional processes. Time is needed to think clearly about the automatic nature of the two against one triangle. Time and experience is required as we learn strategies to put two people together and get self outside the control of the system. In addition, it takes time to clarify and define one's principles, to know what "I" will or will not do and to be able to take a stand with others with whom we are very involved. The good news is that systems' thinking is possible for anyone. It is always possible for an individual to understand feelings and to integrate them with their more rational brains. In so doing, an individual increases his or her ability to communicate despite misunderstandings or even rejection from important others. The effort involved in creating your Mindful Compass enables us to perceive the relationship system without experiencing it's threats. The four points on the Mindful Compass are: 1) Action for Self, 2) Resistance to Forward Progress, 3) Knowledge of Social Systems and the 4) The Ability to Stand Alone. Each gives us a view of the process one enters when making an effort to define a self and build an emotional backbone. It is not easy to find our way through the social jungle. The ability to know emotional systems well enough to take a position for self and to become more differentiated is part of the natural way humans cope with pressure. Now people can use available knowledge to build an emotional backbone, by thoughtfully altering their part in the relationship system. No one knows how far one can go by making an effort to be more of a self-defined individual in relationships to others. Through increasing emotional maturity, we can find greater individual freedom at the same time that we increase our ability to cooperate and to be close to others.
Author: Sven Boermeester Publisher: ISBN: 9781949677072 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Innovate Bristol highlights and celebrates those companies and individuals that are actively working at building a better tomorrow for all. Innovation Ecosystems thrive through the involvement and support of companies and individuals from all industries, which is why the Innovate series not only focuses on the innovators but also those people whom the Innovation Ecosystem, would not be able to thrive without.
Author: Urs Granacher Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889456277 Category : Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
The Frontiers Research Topic entitled "Neuromuscular Training and Adaptations in Youth Athletes" contains one editorial and 22 articles in the form of original work, narrative and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. From a performance and health-related standpoint, neuromuscular training stimulates young athletes' physical development and it builds a strong foundation for later success as an elite athlete. The 22 articles provide current scientific knowledge on the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in young athletes.
Author: Alain Berthoz Publisher: Odile Jacob ISBN: 2738147453 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 194
Book Description
“Simplexity, as I understand it, is the range of solutions living organisms have found, despite the complexity of natural processes, to enable the brain to prepare an action and plan for the consequences of it. These solutions are simplifying principles that enable the processing of information or situations, by taking into account past experience and anticipating the future. They are neither caricatures, shortcuts, or summaries. They are new ways of asking questions, sometimes at the cost of occasional detours, in order to achieve faster, more elegant, more effective actions.” A. B. As Alain Berthoz demonstrates in this profoundly original book, simplicity is never easy; it requires suppressing, selecting, connecting, thinking, in order to then act in the best way possible. And what if we, in turn, are inspired by the living world to process the complexity that surrounds us? Alain Berthoz is professor at the Collège de France where he is co-director of the Laboratoire de physiologie de la perception et de l’action. [Laboratory for the physiology of perception and action]. He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and is the author of Le Sens du mouvement [The Brain's Sense of Movement] and La Décision [Emotion and Reason].
Author: Junjie Xiao Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811517924 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 440
Book Description
This book shares the latest findings on exercise and its benefits in preventing and ameliorating numerous diseases that are of worldwide concern. Addressing the role of exercise training as an effective method for the prevention and treatment of various disease, the book is divided into eleven parts: 1) An Overview of the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Health and Performance, 2) The Physiological Responses to Exercise, 3) Exercise and Metabolic Diseases, 4) Exercise and Cardiovascular Diseases, 5) Exercise and Musculoskeletal Diseases, 6) Exercise and Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases, 7) Exercise and the Respiration System, 8) Exercise and Immunity, 9) Exercise and HIV/AIDS, 10) Exercise and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and 11) Future Prospects. Given its scope, the book will be particularly useful for researchers and students in the fields of physical therapy, physiology, medicine, genetics and cell biology, as well as researchers and physicians with a range of medical specialties.
Author: Stéphanie Rohlfing-Dijoux Publisher: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft ISBN: 9783848754922 Category : Advance directives (Medical care) Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Présentation de l'éditeur : "The interactions between law and culture in addressing the legal problems at the end of a life are currently being discussed in many countries. The discourse on this issue should be multidisciplinary, taking into account its legal, medical, ethical, philosophical and anthropological aspects. The concepts designed to manage the legal problems that occur when a life comes to an end are closely linked to the culture of each country. For this reason, countries with different cultural backgrounds have been selected for this comparative end-of-life study. In France, Germany and Italy, which have a continental legal system, the United Kingdom, which has a common law system, and India, the various religions and cultures exert an important influence on the modernisation of the legislation in this respect. The book deals with recent legislative changes and developments in the countries surveyed."
Author: Véronique Dubost-Fontaine
Author: Véronique Dubost-Fontaine
Author: Mathieu Scheid
Author: Andrea Maloney Schara
Author: Sven Boermeester
Author: Urs Granacher
Author: Alain Berthoz
Author: Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (France)
Author: Junjie Xiao
Author: Stéphanie Rohlfing-Dijoux
Author: Malcolm Ray McNeil