PROMOTION DE LA SANTE ET AUTONOMISATION DANS LE CONTEXTE AFRICAIN PDF Download

Author: David HouŽto
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1291761152
Category : Reference
Languages : fr
Pages : 327

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Book Description
Le terme promotion de la santé en Afrique, près de 30 ans après l'adoption de la Charte d'Ottawa, continue d'avoir des connotations complètement hors du sens que lui confère cette charte. Cela n'est pas étonnant quand on sait que la notion de santé dans ce contexte africain équivaut à la lutte contre la maladie à travers les soins de santé dispensés par des professionnels de la santé dans des formations sanitaires et les hôpitaux. L'évolution que connait le continent depuis quelques décennies est de donner un peu plus de place à la communauté à travers les relais communautaires dans une participation communautaire vidée de son contenu, car le pouvoir n'est jamais passé entre les mains des communautés.C'est au vu de tout ceci que le présent ouvrage à sa raison d'être pour expliquer les fondements de l'autonomisation communautaire et de la promotion de la santé avec leur importance pour la région africaine en proie aux mauvais indicateurs de santé comparativement aux autres régions du monde.

Author: Jean-Pierre Bruwier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Introduction : de nombreux travaux ont caractérisé l'internaute santé, les raisons de ses recherches, les sites fréquentés ainsi que l'influence d'Internet dans la relation médecin-patient. Il ressort qu'Internet est un outil complémentaire, et le médecin reste un interlocuteur fiable et privilégié. Cependant, les patients attendent du médecin un encadrement sur leurs recherches Internet. Objectifs : notre objectif principal est de déterminer les rôles du médecin généraliste concernant la recherche en santé des patients sur Internet. L'objectif secondaire est d'identifier les moyens pour parvenir à assumer ces rôles. Matériels et méthodes : nous avons réalisé une étude qualitative avec des entretiens collectifs et une approche inspirée de la théorisation ancrée. La population étudiée correspondait aux médecins généralistes exerçant en Occitanie, selon un échantillonnage raisonné avec une variation maximale. Nous avons interrogé 18 participants de novembre 2022 à mai 2023. Résultats : les rôles du médecin généraliste ont été décrits sous quatre dimensions : en tant que référent médical, guide et éducateur, figure rassurante mais aussi en tant que garde-fou. Ils sont régis par la relation qui se joue entre le médecin, le patient et Internet. Notre étude met en avant le rôle actif du médecin généraliste dans la recherche en santé des patients sur Internet. D'abord par une attitude d'écoute et de réassurance, puis d'explication et d'orientation vers des supports fiables, tout en mettant en garde le patient et en l'éduquant à l'esprit critique. Discussion : on peut considérer les rôles d'expert et de guide comme attendus. En revanche, les rôles de réassurance et de mise en garde sont plus surprenants. L'un pour son absence supposée dans la littérature. L'autre pour sa différence notable entre les données recueillies et celles de la littérature. Mais au-delà de ces rôles, nous avons identifié différents profils de praticiens relativement à l'usage et à l'ouverture à Internet. En somme, Internet a été un bouleversement dans les pratiques du généraliste. Il pousse le médecin à se l'approprier pour répondre au mieux aux attentes du patient tout en permettant à ce dernier de développer un esprit critique. Mais des freins subsistent pour certains praticiens afin de s'approprier complètement ces rôles. Conclusion : des solutions sont envisageables. À commencer par un travail sur le médecin lui-même qui débuterait dès sa formation initiale : prendre du recul sur le rapport au savoir, faire preuve de transparence, être ouvert et à l'écoute ou encore apprendre à vulgariser en seraient les premières étapes. Ensuite, un travail de communication aussi bien au cabinet médical pour aborder le sujet avec le patient ou promouvoir des sites de qualité qui lui sont destinés. Les sites en questions pourraient faire l'objet d'ordonnance médicale afin de donner du crédit aux conseils prodigués par le médecin.

Author: Kord Davis
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN: 1449357490
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 80

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Book Description
What are your organization’s policies for generating and using huge datasets full of personal information? This book examines ethical questions raised by the big data phenomenon, and explains why enterprises need to reconsider business decisions concerning privacy and identity. Authors Kord Davis and Doug Patterson provide methods and techniques to help your business engage in a transparent and productive ethical inquiry into your current data practices. Both individuals and organizations have legitimate interests in understanding how data is handled. Your use of data can directly affect brand quality and revenue—as Target, Apple, Netflix, and dozens of other companies have discovered. With this book, you’ll learn how to align your actions with explicit company values and preserve the trust of customers, partners, and stakeholders. Review your data-handling practices and examine whether they reflect core organizational values Express coherent and consistent positions on your organization’s use of big data Define tactical plans to close gaps between values and practices—and discover how to maintain alignment as conditions change over time Maintain a balance between the benefits of innovation and the risks of unintended consequences

Author: Eric Topol
Publisher: Basic Books
ISBN: 0465094473
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 386

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Book Description
The essential guide by one of America's leading doctors to how digital technology enables all of us to take charge of our health A trip to the doctor is almost a guarantee of misery. You'll make an appointment months in advance. You'll probably wait for several hours until you hear "the doctor will see you now"-but only for fifteen minutes! Then you'll wait even longer for lab tests, the results of which you'll likely never see, unless they indicate further (and more invasive) tests, most of which will probably prove unnecessary (much like physicals themselves). And your bill will be astronomical. In The Patient Will See You Now, Eric Topol, one of the nation's top physicians, shows why medicine does not have to be that way. Instead, you could use your smartphone to get rapid test results from one drop of blood, monitor your vital signs both day and night, and use an artificially intelligent algorithm to receive a diagnosis without having to see a doctor, all at a small fraction of the cost imposed by our modern healthcare system. The change is powered by what Topol calls medicine's "Gutenberg moment." Much as the printing press took learning out of the hands of a priestly class, the mobile internet is doing the same for medicine, giving us unprecedented control over our healthcare. With smartphones in hand, we are no longer beholden to an impersonal and paternalistic system in which "doctor knows best." Medicine has been digitized, Topol argues; now it will be democratized. Computers will replace physicians for many diagnostic tasks, citizen science will give rise to citizen medicine, and enormous data sets will give us new means to attack conditions that have long been incurable. Massive, open, online medicine, where diagnostics are done by Facebook-like comparisons of medical profiles, will enable real-time, real-world research on massive populations. There's no doubt the path forward will be complicated: the medical establishment will resist these changes, and digitized medicine inevitably raises serious issues surrounding privacy. Nevertheless, the result-better, cheaper, and more human health care-will be worth it. Provocative and engrossing, The Patient Will See You Now is essential reading for anyone who thinks they deserve better health care. That is, for all of us.

Author: Andrea Maloney Schara
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780615928791
Category : Families
Languages : en
Pages : 318

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Book Description
"Your Mindful Compass" takes us behind the emotional curtain to see the mechanisms regulating individuals in social systems. There is great comfort and wisdom in knowing we can increase our awareness to manage the swift and ancient mechanisms of social control. We can gain greater flexibility by seeing how social controls work in systems from ants to humans. To be less controlled by others, we learn how emotional systems influence our relationship-oriented brain. People want to know what goes on in families that give rise to amazing leaders and/or terrorists. For the first time in history we can understand the systems in which we live. The social sciences have been accumulating knowledge since the early fifties as to how we are regulated by others. S. Milgram, S. Ashe, P. Zimbardo and J. Calhoun, detail the vulnerability to being duped and deceived and the difficulty of cooperating when values differ. Murray Bowen, M.D., the first researcher to observe several live-in families, for up to three years, at the National Institute of Mental Health. Describing how family members overly influence one another and distribute stress unevenly, Bowen described both how symptoms and family leaders emerge in highly stressed families. Our brain is not organized to automatically perceive that each family has an emotional system, fine-tuned by evolution and "valuing" its survival as a whole, as much as the survival of any individual. It is easier to see this emotional system function in ants or mice but not in humans. The emotional system is organized to snooker us humans: encouraging us to take sides, run away from others, to pressure others, to get sick, to blame others, and to have great difficulty in seeing our part in problems. It is hard to see that we become anxious, stressed out and even that we are difficult to deal with. But "thinking systems" can open the doors of perception, allowing us to experience the world in a different way. This book offers both coaching ideas and stories from leaders as to strategies to break out from social control by de-triangling, using paradoxes, reversals and other types of interruptions of highly linked emotional processes. Time is needed to think clearly about the automatic nature of the two against one triangle. Time and experience is required as we learn strategies to put two people together and get self outside the control of the system. In addition, it takes time to clarify and define one's principles, to know what "I" will or will not do and to be able to take a stand with others with whom we are very involved. The good news is that systems' thinking is possible for anyone. It is always possible for an individual to understand feelings and to integrate them with their more rational brains. In so doing, an individual increases his or her ability to communicate despite misunderstandings or even rejection from important others. The effort involved in creating your Mindful Compass enables us to perceive the relationship system without experiencing it's threats. The four points on the Mindful Compass are: 1) Action for Self, 2) Resistance to Forward Progress, 3) Knowledge of Social Systems and the 4) The Ability to Stand Alone. Each gives us a view of the process one enters when making an effort to define a self and build an emotional backbone. It is not easy to find our way through the social jungle. The ability to know emotional systems well enough to take a position for self and to become more differentiated is part of the natural way humans cope with pressure. Now people can use available knowledge to build an emotional backbone, by thoughtfully altering their part in the relationship system. No one knows how far one can go by making an effort to be more of a self-defined individual in relationships to others. Through increasing emotional maturity, we can find greater individual freedom at the same time that we increase our ability to cooperate and to be close to others.

Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309068371
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312

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Book Description
Experts estimate that as many as 98,000 people die in any given year from medical errors that occur in hospitals. That's more than die from motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, or AIDSâ€"three causes that receive far more public attention. Indeed, more people die annually from medication errors than from workplace injuries. Add the financial cost to the human tragedy, and medical error easily rises to the top ranks of urgent, widespread public problems. To Err Is Human breaks the silence that has surrounded medical errors and their consequenceâ€"but not by pointing fingers at caring health care professionals who make honest mistakes. After all, to err is human. Instead, this book sets forth a national agendaâ€"with state and local implicationsâ€"for reducing medical errors and improving patient safety through the design of a safer health system. This volume reveals the often startling statistics of medical error and the disparity between the incidence of error and public perception of it, given many patients' expectations that the medical profession always performs perfectly. A careful examination is made of how the surrounding forces of legislation, regulation, and market activity influence the quality of care provided by health care organizations and then looks at their handling of medical mistakes. Using a detailed case study, the book reviews the current understanding of why these mistakes happen. A key theme is that legitimate liability concerns discourage reporting of errorsâ€"which begs the question, "How can we learn from our mistakes?" Balancing regulatory versus market-based initiatives and public versus private efforts, the Institute of Medicine presents wide-ranging recommendations for improving patient safety, in the areas of leadership, improved data collection and analysis, and development of effective systems at the level of direct patient care. To Err Is Human asserts that the problem is not bad people in health careâ€"it is that good people are working in bad systems that need to be made safer. Comprehensive and straightforward, this book offers a clear prescription for raising the level of patient safety in American health care. It also explains how patients themselves can influence the quality of care that they receive once they check into the hospital. This book will be vitally important to federal, state, and local health policy makers and regulators, health professional licensing officials, hospital administrators, medical educators and students, health caregivers, health journalists, patient advocatesâ€"as well as patients themselves. First in a series of publications from the Quality of Health Care in America, a project initiated by the Institute of Medicine

Author: Marie-Pascale Pomey
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030141012
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 317

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Book Description
Patient-oriented approaches to healthcare management have been brought to the fore in recent years, yet this book underlines how even further change is needed in order to fully mobilise the experiential knowledge of patients, and ultimately improve our healthcare systems. With contributions from scholars and patients across the globe, this collection brings together a comprehensive overview of major achievements in patient engagement, analysing political, organizational and clinical contexts. By understanding the concept of care partnership, the authors explore how this patient revolution could transform, improve and innovate the ways in which care services are organized and delivered. Looking closely at the role of new technologies, this timely book will undoubtedly be of use to patients, managers and professionals within the healthcare industry, as well as those researching health policy and organization.

Author: Corinne Grenier
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1786307073
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 72

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Book Description
How can healthcare systems be transformed by reimagining their multiple silos to favor processes and practices that are more responsive to local, horizontal initiatives? Altering Frontiers analyzes numerous experiences, using a multidisciplinary approach, paying attention to certain actors, collectives and organizational arrangements. Through this work, levers are identified that promote lasting transformation: recognizing the legitimacy of the practices of many who are often "invisible"; trusting those who know their intervention territory; investing in methodological support; taking advantage of tools and procedures such as instruments for strategic and managerial discussion; and developing the capacity to absorb innovative ideas and experiences that circulate within the environment.

Author: PJ McGann
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 0857245767
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 402

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Book Description
Offers an introduction to the sociology of diagnosis. This title presents articles that explore diagnosis as a process of definition that includes: labeling dynamics between diagnoser and diagnosed; boundary struggles between diverse constituents - both among medical practitioners and between medical authorities and others; and, more.

Author: Katherine A. Foss
Publisher: Lexington Books
ISBN: 0739189948
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 134

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Book Description
American society centers on individualism, celebrating personal choice even at the expense of collective progress. As part of this emphasis on agency, Americans value freedom for health decisions, and individual health professionals and consumers are held responsible for the nation’s health, often at the expense of improving the overall healthcare system. Such individualistic discourse, disseminated and reinforced through American media, has created resistance and hostility toward health policy initiatives such as the Affordable Care Act and other legislation aimed to improve American healthcare. Television and Health Responsibility in an Age of Individualism examines the relationship between entertainment and health responsibility in the United States. Through the analysis of contemporary television medical dramas, Foss explores how these media texts help shape and perpetuate ideologies that have and continue to encourage resistance to healthcare reform that shifts responsibility away from individuals to government and other institutions.