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Author: Steven Were Omamo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
The prevalence of undernourished people in the world has declined steadily over the last few decades, but almost 800 million people remain undernourished. Deeper and more rapid progress against food and nutrition insecurity is urgently required. Structural and rural transformation must play its role. In theory, inclusive structural and rural transformation - i.e. a transformation that delivers widely held benefits - implies expanded food and nutrition security, which, in turn, supports the transformation. In fact, where structural and rural transformation has been significant, it has been accompanied by wide and deep improvements in food and nutrition security, with food availability, food access and food utilization all registering significant improvements. Higher labour and land productivity linked to commercialization, specialization and mechanization of production processes has boosted food supplies. Livelihood options have expanded - especially off-farm - and incomes have risen, allowing households to increase the quantity and quality of food they consume. This has led to improved health and education outcomes, affirming and advancing core drivers of structural and rural transformation. But there are important exceptions and caveats. Even where structural and rural transformation has been rapid and sustained, incomes have increased and food supply has been relatively easy with comparatively low and stable prices, and food and nutrition insecurity has persisted, with undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies coexisting in several contexts. Implications for policy centre on nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive measures and investments that render rapidly transforming food systems better able to deliver and support healthy and nutritious diets for all consumers, but especially for pregnant women and young children for whom malnutrition has long-lasting consequences. Also key are policy measures to counter the effects of forces and conditions that militate against expanded participation by small-scale farmers and traders in commercial food production and trade - effects that, by extension, hinder this central dimension of inclusive structural and rural transformation.
Author: Steven Were Omamo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
The prevalence of undernourished people in the world has declined steadily over the last few decades, but almost 800 million people remain undernourished. Deeper and more rapid progress against food and nutrition insecurity is urgently required. Structural and rural transformation must play its role. In theory, inclusive structural and rural transformation - i.e. a transformation that delivers widely held benefits - implies expanded food and nutrition security, which, in turn, supports the transformation. In fact, where structural and rural transformation has been significant, it has been accompanied by wide and deep improvements in food and nutrition security, with food availability, food access and food utilization all registering significant improvements. Higher labour and land productivity linked to commercialization, specialization and mechanization of production processes has boosted food supplies. Livelihood options have expanded - especially off-farm - and incomes have risen, allowing households to increase the quantity and quality of food they consume. This has led to improved health and education outcomes, affirming and advancing core drivers of structural and rural transformation. But there are important exceptions and caveats. Even where structural and rural transformation has been rapid and sustained, incomes have increased and food supply has been relatively easy with comparatively low and stable prices, and food and nutrition insecurity has persisted, with undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies coexisting in several contexts. Implications for policy centre on nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive measures and investments that render rapidly transforming food systems better able to deliver and support healthy and nutritious diets for all consumers, but especially for pregnant women and young children for whom malnutrition has long-lasting consequences. Also key are policy measures to counter the effects of forces and conditions that militate against expanded participation by small-scale farmers and traders in commercial food production and trade - effects that, by extension, hinder this central dimension of inclusive structural and rural transformation.
Author: Steven Were Omamo Publisher: ISBN: 9789290726814 Category : Food security Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"The prevalence of undernourished people in the world has declined steadily over the last few decades, but almost 800 million people remain undernourished. Deeper and more rapid progress against food and nutrition insecurity is urgently required. Structural and rural transformation must play its role. In theory, inclusive structural and rural transformation -- i.e. a transformation that delivers widely held benefits -- implies expanded food and nutrition security, which, in turn, supports the transformation. In fact, where structural and rural transformation has been significant, it has been accompanied by wide and deep improvements in food and nutrition security, with food availability, food access and food utilization all registering significant improvements. Higher labour and land productivity linked to commercialization, specialization and mechanization of production processes has boosted food supplies. Livelihood options have expanded -- especially off-farm -- and incomes have risen, allowing households to increase the quantity and quality of food they consume. This has led to improved health and education outcomes, affirming and advancing core drivers of structural and rural transformation. But there are important exceptions and caveats. Even where structural and rural transformation has been rapid and sustained, incomes have increased and food supply has been relatively easy with comparatively low and stable prices, and food and nutrition insecurity has persisted, with undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies coexisting in several contexts. Implications for policy centre on nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive measures and investments that render rapidly transforming food systems better able to deliver and support healthy and nutritious diets for all consumers, but especially for pregnant women and young children for whom malnutrition has long-lasting consequences. Also key are policy measures to counter the effects of forces and conditions that militate against expanded participation by small-scale farmers and traders in commercial food production and trade -- effects that, by extension, hinder this central dimension of inclusive structural and rural transformation"--Page 4.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251315701 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 239
Book Description
This year’s report presents evidence that the absolute number of people who suffer from hunger continues to slowly increase. The report also highlights that food insecurity is more than just hunger. For the first time, the report provides evidence that many people in the world, even if not hungry, experience moderate food insecurity as they face uncertainties about their ability to obtain food and are forced to compromise on the quality and/or quantity of the food they consume. This phenomenon is observed globally, not only in low- and middle-income countries but also in high income countries. The report also shows that the world is not on track to meet global nutrition targets, including those on low birthweight and on reducing stunting among children under five years. Moreover, overweight and obesity continue to increase in all regions, particularly among school-age children and adults. The report stresses that no region is exempt from the epidemic of overweight and obesity, underscoring the necessity of multifaceted, multisectoral approaches to halt and reverse these worrying trends. In light of the fragile state of the world economy, the report presents new evidence confirming that hunger has been on the rise for many countries where the economy has slowed down or contracted. Unpacking the links between economic slowdowns and downturns and food insecurity and malnutrition, the report contends that the effects of the former on the latter can only be offset by addressing the root causes of hunger and malnutrition: poverty, inequality and marginalization.
Author: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 8
Book Description
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) were both created in response to the food crises of the 1970s. We have worked together for more than 20 years to catalyze agricultural and rural development and improve food security in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. IFAD and IFPRI have strengthened the productivity and resilience of smallholder farmers and other rural people, with a particular focus on helping expand their access to innovative local farming methods, climate change mitigation and adaptation technologies and financing, and more profitable markets. To further promote rural development and transformation, IFAD and IFPRI have built cutting-edge information systems and tools that deliver sound data and analyses to governments, donors, farmer organizations, and other stakeholders. As a result, the two organizations have fostered evidence-based policy making and investments that promote agricultural growth and rural development.
Author: Benjamin Davis Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Even prior to COVID-19, there was a considerable push for food system transformation to achieve better nutritional and health - as well as environmental and climate change - outcomes. In 2019, several major publications focusing on transforming agricultural and food systems to achieve nutritional and climate change objectives argued for major changes in agricultural land use, production systems and dietary choices. They placed an emphasis on increasing resource use efficiency, reducing agricultural extensification and reducing consumption of meat-based products while increasing nutritionally dense foods. However, these reports fail to fully consider the impact of these measures on the livelihoods of the approximately 2.7 billion rural people who depend on small-scale food production and to propose specific measures to ensure the rural poor participate in - and benefit equitably from - food system transformation. Although the importance of inclusion in food system transformation is gaining traction, including in a recent Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability - Nature Sustainability Expert Panel Report on food system transformation, in this paper we argue that recent research, modelling and discourse on food system transformation is insufficient and that specific actions are needed to ensure that food system transformation does not take place on the backs of the rural poor.
Author: Sarah Whatmore Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1000883779 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 166
Book Description
Originally published in 1994, this book brings together papers developing feminist analyses of the rural condition from a wide range of industrialised countries, informed by the national and local cultural constructions of gender and rurality which they interpret. The chapters address the gendered power relations of rural households and agricultural science; women’s mobilisation in farming and environmental politics; the intersection of domestic and rural values and practices as they shape gender identities.
Author: Aslihan Arslan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Structural and rural transformation are intricately linked to food systems. Structural transformation captures a country's level of dependence on agriculture, while rural transformation captures productivity in the agricultural sector. In particular, agri-food system and employment transitions influence structural and rural transformation and shape the spatial distribution of populations by influencing where people live, work and eat, all of which closely relate to food system transitions.Using country-level data from 85 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), this paper outlines a food systems index (FSI) and analyses the linkages between food systems and structural and rural transformation, as well as population distributions.It also selects a number of policy-relevant variables from World Development Indicators and uses machine learning methodology to shed light on patterns related to institutions, female empowerment, infrastructure, and health.The paper finds that countries in the lowest FSI group will see their youth populations more than double in the next 30 years, indicating that the food system investments of today will affect one third of global youth in the future. It also finds that structural transformation is a necessary but not sufficient condition for desirable food system outcomes. Rural transformation by itself without structural transformation is not enough either. For LMICs, broad development interventions are more important to progress food systems.
Author: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: 089629367X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
Food systems are at a critical juncture—they are evolving quickly to meet growing and changing demand but are not serving everyone’s needs. Building more inclusive food systems can bring a wide range of economic and development benefits to all people, especially the poor and disadvantaged. IFPRI’s 2020 Global Food Policy Report examines the policies and investments and the growing range of tools and technologies that can promote inclusion. Chapters examine the imperative of inclusion, challenges faced by smallholders, youth, women, and conflict-affected people, and the opportunities offered by expanding agrifood value chains and national food system transformations. Critical questions addressed include: How can inclusive food systems help break the intergenerational cycle of poverty and malnutrition? \What can be done to strengthen the midstream of food value chains to improve rural access to jobs, markets, and services? Will Africa’s food systems generate sufficient jobs for the growing youth population? How can women be empowered within food system processes, from household decisions to policymaking? Can refugees and other conflict-affected people be integrated into food systems to help them rebuild their lives? How can national food system transformations contribute to greater dietary diversity, food safety, and food quality for all? Regional sections look at how inclusion can be improved around the world in 2020 and beyond. The report also presents interesting trends revealed by IFPRI’s food policy indicators and datasets.
Author: Suneetha Kadiyala Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Adolescence and early adulthood are periods of major biological, economic and social transitions for rural youth. They provide a critical window of opportunity for addressing chronic nutritional deficits from childhood, for “catch-up” growth, for providing a solid foundation for a healthy productive and reproductive life, and for arresting the intergenerational transmission of malnutrition. In this study we show that rural transformation processes are associated with improvements in rural youth nutrition - malnutrition and underweight - in nearly all regions, although the pace of change varies considerably across countries. Most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are faced with the double burden of malnutrition and overweight/obesity, and in some countries this double burden is increasing, with the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity rising concurrently. The effect of rural transformation processes on rural youth nutrition is mediated by its effects on the external and personal domains of the “food environment”. Transformation of agri-food systems are bringing about large changes in the diets of rural youth in LMICs, and particularly of the younger age groups, who appear to be witnessing rapid dietary transitions. The Young Lives dataset suggest that certain near-universal changes in patterns of dietary and nutrient intake patterns can be discerned in LMICs, although the pace of change varies. Dietary transitions are also driven by “globalisation influences” - especially dissemination of information through digital/social media and food industry advertising and marketing strategies - even in countries with low/slow rural transformation. Our results show that rural transformation processes can have both positive and negative effects on rural youth nutrition in LMICs. Despite the globalisation influences of international trade and agri-food systems, dietary changes in individual LMICs are still influenced by national policies and production patterns. Understanding the pathways to impact of rural transformation on rural youth nutrition is crucial for designing “nutrition-sensitive” rural transformation policies.
Author: Steven Were Omamo
Author: Steven Were Omamo
Author: Steven Were Omamo
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Author: Benjamin Davis
Author: Sarah Whatmore
Author: Aslihan Arslan
Author: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Author: Suneetha Kadiyala
Author: Timothy R. Frankenberger