Identification of Genes Involved in Fusarium Head Blight Pathogenesis in Wheat PDF Download

Author: Denghui Xing
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fusarium diseases of plants
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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Author: Keshav Bahadur Malla
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fusarium diseases of plants
Languages : en
Pages : 220

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Author: Amanda Leigh Holder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fusarium diseases of plants
Languages : en
Pages : 162

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of small grains caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. FHB poses potential economic losses and health risks due to the accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on infected seed heads. The objectives of this study are: 1) evaluate soft red winter wheat (SRWW) lines for resistance to FHB in terms of resistance to initial inoculum (incidence); resistance to spread within the head (severity); resistance to DON accumulation; and resistance to Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), 2) determine the frequency and effect of known FHB resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL), and 3) identify novel resistance loci using a genome wide association (GWA) approach. From 2014-2017, 360 SRWW breeding lines were evaluated in inoculated misted FHB nurseries in Fayetteville and Newport, AR and Winnsboro, LA (2017 only) in a randomized complete block design. At all locations, lines were sown in two row plots, inoculated with F. graminearum infected corn (Zea mays L.) and overhead misted throughout the months of April and May to provide optimal conditions for FHB infection. In addition to visual ratings and DON analysis, lines were screened with KASP® markers linked to known FHB resistance genes, including Fhb1. The known resistance QTL, Qfhb.nc-2B.1 (Bess), on chromosome 3B was significantly associated with a reduction in incidence, severity, and DON accumulation. Genome wide SNP markers generated through genotype by sequencing (GBS) were used to perform GWA in order to identify marker-trait associations for FHB resistance. The GWA analysis identified 58 highly significant SNPs associated with the four disease traits. The most highly significant SNP was found on chromosome 4A and the minor allele was found to significantly reduce incidence by 1.17%. Results from this study will facilitate the development of SRWW cultivars with improved resistance to FHB.

Author: Janet M. Lewis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fusarium diseases of plants
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Author: Dhananjay Dhokane
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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"Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. FHB not only cause serious losses in yield but also significantly deteriorates the quality of grains by contaminating them with health hazardous mycotoxins. Plant resistance is considered as the most sustainable and effective strategy to manage FHB and to reduce the accumulation of mycotoxins. However, lack of effective and precise phenotyping methods and limited understanding of the genetics of FHB resistance has hindered the development of resistant cultivars. Resistance to FHB in wheat is quantitative; therefore more than 100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified and mapped on all chromosomes in wheat. QTL-Fhb2 is the second major QTL that confers high levels of resistance to the spread of Fusarium graminearum (Fg) within a spike through the rachis. However, the genes underlying the QTL and the mechanisms of resistance are still not elucidated.The phenotyping method was improved by developing a qPCR based protocol to precisely quantify the levels of FHB resistance among genotypes, including bleaching symptoms, following single floret inoculation under greenhouse conditions. We used Fg Tri6 gene specific primers to identify the copy number of Tri6 gene in the samples collected after Fg inoculation. The higher copy numbers of Tri6 correlates to higher Fg biomass and more the susceptibility of the genotype to FHB. Based on the protocol developed, we report that the qPCR based method is more sensitive and precise in discriminating genotypes varying in their levels to FHB resistance compared to disease severity analysis. Further, recombinant inbred lines (RILs), carrying resistant (R-RIL) and susceptible (S-RIL) alleles of QTL-Fhb2 were subjected to metabolome and transcriptome profiling following Fg and distilled water (mock) inoculation, to identify candidate genes localized within the QTL-Fhb2. Integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic datasets, we have identified six candidate genes localized within the QTL-Fhb2. The candidate genes localized within the QTL are, 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), callose synthase (CS), basic Helix Loop Helix (bHLH041) transcription factor, glutathione S-transferase (GST), ABC transporter-4 (ABC4) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Based on these findings, we report that the QTL-Fhb2 likely confers FHB resistance through combined effect of cell wall reinforcement and Deoxynivalenol (DON) detoxification.Furthermore, a Ta4CL3 gene localized within the QTL-Fhb2 was functionally characterized using virus induced gene silencing and the resistance functions were proven by analyzing disease severity, fungal biomass and metabolic profiles of silenced and non-silenced control plants. Taken together, we report that Ta4CL3 contributes to resistance against the spread of Fg within a spike likely by reinforcing the cell walls, through the deposition of hydroxycinnamic acid amides, lignin and lignans." --

Author: Udaykumar Kage
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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"Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal food crop cultivated around the world. Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. Apart from causing huge yield losses, FHB is also known to contaminate grains with mycotoxins that are harmful to human and animal health. Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for FHB resistance in wheat, but the mechanisms of resistance and candidate genes underlying them are still unknown. Therefore, in the present study an integrated metabolomics and genomics approach was used to identify the candidate genes and mechanisms of resistance in near-isogenic lines (NILs) of QTL-2DL. The high fold-change in abundance, resistance related (RR) metabolites, identified in rachis samples of NIL-R following pathogen inoculation were, p-coumaroylagmatine, p-coumaroylputrescine, and phosphatidic acids. The candidate gene, p-coumaroylagmatine transferase (TaACT) is associated with the biosynthesis of p-coumaroylagmatine and p-coumaroylputrescine. The diacylglycerol kinase (TaDGK) and glycerol kinase (TaGLI1) are involved in the production of phosphatidic acids. The dissection of QTL based on flanking marker sequencing led to the identification of the transcription factor TaWRKY70 within the QTL-2DL region. In-silico and manual analysis of promoter sequences of TaACT, TaDGK and TaGLI1 showed the presence of WRKY binding sites, and luciferase assay proved their physical interaction in-vivo. Further, functional validation of TaWRKY70 based on virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in NIL-R not only confirmed an increase in fungal biomass, but also a decrease in the expression of the downstream resistance genes TaACT, TaDGK and TaGLI1. This was associated with a decrease in abundance of RR metabolites biosynthesized by them, confirming the plausible FHB resistance mechanisms in rachis governed by this QTL. Similarly, in spikelet samples of NIL-R, we found high abundances of phenylpropanoids, glycerophospholipids and fatty acids. These are known to be involved in cutin and suberin biosynthesis. The genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways (TaGPAT3, TaCER5 and TaPAL) were also found in the QTL-2DL region. Transcript abundance of genes in spikelets based on qRT-PCR showed higher expression in the NIL-R compared to NIL-S, confirming the potential role of QTL-2DL in spikelet resistance. However, these genes also have to be functionally validated for further use in breeding. Among the several FHB resistance QTL identified in wheat, this is the first study to identify functional genes from the QTL and their resistance functions." --

Author: Sudheer Kumar
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429894074
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 157

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Wheat Blast provides systematic and practical information on wheat blast pathology, summarises research progress and discusses future perspectives based on current understanding of the existing issues. The book explores advance technologies that may help in deciding the path for future research and development for better strategies and techniques to manage the wheat blast disease. It equips readers with basic and applied understanding on the identification of disease, its distribution and chances of further spread in new areas, its potential to cause yield losses to wheat, the conditions that favour disease development, disease prediction modelling, resistance breeding methods and management strategies against wheat blast. Features: Provides comprehensive information on wheat blast pathogen and its management under a single umbrella Covers disease identification and diagnostics which will be helpful to check introduction in new areas Discusses methods and protocol to study the different aspects of the disease such as diagnostics, variability, resistance screening, epiphytotic creation etc. Gives deep insight on the past, present and future outlook of wheat blast research progress This book’s chapters are contributed by experts and pioneers in their respective fields and it provides comprehensive insight with updated findings on wheat blast research. It serves as a valuable reference for researchers, policy makers, students, teachers, farmers, seed growers, traders, and other stakeholders dealing with wheat.

Author: Kurt J. Leonard
Publisher: American Phytopathological Society
ISBN:
Category : Barley
Languages : en
Pages : 544

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Book Description
The book provides a comprehensive record of current knowledge on the nature of Fusarium head blight, the damage it causes, and current research on how to control it. The book begins with a historical account of Fusarium head blight epidemics that gives context to recent attempts to control epidemics in wheat and barley. A review of pathogen taxonomy and population biology helps scientists to see relationships among head blight pathogens and other Fusarium species. The information on epidemiology included in this review also provides an understanding of the weather conditions and cultural practices that promote explosive epidemics. New information on infection processes will lead the reader to a better understanding of how to breed for resistance in wheat and barley.

Author: Tomohiro Ban
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 970648146X
Category : Wheat fusarium culmorum head blight
Languages : en
Pages : 147

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Author: John F. Leslie
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470276460
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 402

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For the first time in over 20 years, a comprehensive collection of photographs and descriptions of species in the fungal genus Fusarium is available. This laboratory manual provides an overview of the biology of Fusarium and the techniques involved in the isolation, identification and characterization of individual species and the populations in which they occur. It is the first time that genetic, morphological and molecular approaches have been incorporated into a volume devoted to Fusarium identification. The authors include descriptions of species, both new and old, and provide protocols for genetic, morphological and molecular identification techniques. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual also includes some of the evolutionary biology and population genetics thinking that has begun to inform the understanding of agriculturally important fungal pathogens. In addition to practical “how-to” protocols it also provides guidance in formulating questions and obtaining answers about this very important group of fungi. The need for as many different techniques as possible to be used in the identification and characterization process has never been greater. These approaches have applications to fungi other than those in the genus Fusarium. This volume presents an introduction to the genus Fusarium, the toxins these fungi produce and the diseases they can cause. "The Fusarium Laboratory Manual is a milestone in the study of the genus Fusarium and will help bridge the gap between morphological and phylogenetic taxonomy. It will be used by everybody dealing with Fusarium in the Third Millenium." --W.F.O. Marasas, Medical Research Council, South Africa