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Author: Steven T. Berry Publisher: ISBN: Category : Economics Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
We consider nonparametric identification in models of differentiated products markets, using only market level observables. On the demand side we consider a non-parametric random utility model nesting random coefficients discrete choice models widely used in applied work. We allow for product/market-specific unobservables, endogenous product characteristics e.g., prices), and high-dimensional taste shocks with arbitrary correlation and heteroskedasticity. On the supply side we specify marginal costs nonparametrically, allow for unobserved firm heterogeneity, and nest a variety of equilibrium oligopoly models. We pursue two approaches to identification. One relies on instrumental variables conditions used previously to demonstrate identification in a nonparametric regression framework. With this approach we can show identification of the demand side without reference to a particular supply model. Adding the supply side allows identification of firms' marginal costs as well. Our second approach, more closely linked to classical identification arguments for supply and demand models, employs a change of variables approach. This leads to constructive identification results relying on exclusion and support conditions. Our results lead to a testable restriction that provides the first general formalization of Bresnahan's (1982) intuition for empirically discriminating between alternative models of oligopoly competition.
Author: Steven T. Berry Publisher: ISBN: Category : Economics Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
We consider nonparametric identification in models of differentiated products markets, using only market level observables. On the demand side we consider a non-parametric random utility model nesting random coefficients discrete choice models widely used in applied work. We allow for product/market-specific unobservables, endogenous product characteristics e.g., prices), and high-dimensional taste shocks with arbitrary correlation and heteroskedasticity. On the supply side we specify marginal costs nonparametrically, allow for unobserved firm heterogeneity, and nest a variety of equilibrium oligopoly models. We pursue two approaches to identification. One relies on instrumental variables conditions used previously to demonstrate identification in a nonparametric regression framework. With this approach we can show identification of the demand side without reference to a particular supply model. Adding the supply side allows identification of firms' marginal costs as well. Our second approach, more closely linked to classical identification arguments for supply and demand models, employs a change of variables approach. This leads to constructive identification results relying on exclusion and support conditions. Our results lead to a testable restriction that provides the first general formalization of Bresnahan's (1982) intuition for empirically discriminating between alternative models of oligopoly competition.
Author: Steven T. Berry Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 54
Book Description
We consider nonparametric identification in models of differentiated products markets, using only market level observables. On the demand side we consider a non-parametric random utility model nesting random coefficients discrete choice models widely used in applied work. We allow for product/market-specific unobservables, endogenous product characteristics e.g., prices), and high-dimensional taste shocks with arbitrary correlation and heteroskedasticity. On the supply side we specify marginal costs nonparametrically, allow for unobserved firm heterogeneity, and nest a variety of equilibrium oligopoly models. We pursue two approaches to identification. One relies on instrumental variables conditions used previously to demonstrate identification in a nonparametric regression framework. With this approach we can show identification of the demand side without reference to a particular supply model. Adding the supply side allows identification of firms' marginal costs as well. Our second approach, more closely linked to classical identification arguments for supply and demand models, employs a change of variables approach. This leads to constructive identification results relying on exclusion and support conditions. Our results lead to a testable restriction that provides the first general formalization of Bresnahan's (1982) intuition for empirically discriminating between alternative models of oligopoly competition.
Author: Steven T. Berry Publisher: ISBN: Category : Consumer goods Languages : en Pages : 35
Book Description
Empirical models of demand for-and, often, supply of-differentiated products are widely used in practice, typically employing parametric functional forms and distributions of consumer heterogeneity. We review some recent work studying identification in a broad class of such models. This work shows that parametric functional forms and distributional assumptions are not essential for identification. Rather, identification relies primarily on the standard requirement that instruments be available for the endogenous variables-here, typically, prices and quantities. We discuss the kinds of instruments needed for identification and how the reliance on instruments can be reduced by nonparametric functional form restrictions or better data. We also discuss results on discrimination between alternative models of oligopoly competition.
Author: Steven Berry Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 35
Book Description
Empirical models of demand for - and, often, supply of - differentiated products are widely used in practice, typically employing parametric functional forms and distributions of consumer heterogeneity. We re view some recent work studying identification in a broad class of such models. This work shows that parametric functional forms and distributional assumptions are not essential for identification. Rather, identification relies primarily on the standard requirement that instruments be available for the endogenous variables - here, typically, prices and quantities. We discuss the kinds of instruments needed for identification and how the reliance on instruments can be reduced by nonparametric functional form restrictions or better data. We also discuss results on discrimination between alternative models of oligopoly competition.
Author: John Beath Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521335522 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 220
Book Description
There are few industries in modern market economies that do not manufacture differentiated products. This book provides a systematic explanation and analysis of the widespread prevalence of this important category of products. The authors concentrate on models in which product selection is endogenous. In the first four chapters they consider models that try to predict the level of product differentiation that would emerge in situations of market equilibrium. These market equilibria with differentiated products are characterised and then compared with social welfare optima. Particular attention is paid to the distinction between horizontal and vertical differentiation as well as to the related issues of product quality and durability. This book brings together the most important theoretical contributions to these topics in a succinct and coherent manner. One of its major strengths is the way in which it carefully sets out the basic intuition behind the formal results. It will be useful to advanced undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in industrial economics and microeconomic theory.
Author: Sergei Koulayev Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 23
Book Description
When consumers search for differentiated products, a given search decision can be explained either by low search cost or by low tastes for the set of products already found. We propose an identification strategy that allows to estimate the search cost distribution in the presence of unobserved tastes. The required data takes the form of conditional search decisions: observations of search actions combined with previously observed product displays. We develop an application using clickstream data from a hotel search platform. Estimates of price elasticity of demand in the search model differ from those in the static model, reflecting the bias due to endogeneity of search-generated choice sets.
Author: Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323915140 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 788
Book Description
Handbook of Industrial Organization, Volume Four highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of expert authors. Presents authoritative surveys and reviews of advances in theory and econometrics Reviews recent research on capital raising methods and institutions Includes discussions on developing countries
Author: José Luis Moraga-González Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
We propose a tractable method for estimation of a simultaneous search model for differentiated products that allows for observed and unobserved heterogeneity in both preferences and search costs. We show that for type I extreme value distributed search costs, expressions for search and purchase probabilities can be obtained in closed form. We show that our search model belongs to the generalized extreme value (GEV) class, which implies that it has a full information discrete-choice equivalent, and hence search data are necessary to distinguish between the search model and the equivalent full information model. We allow for price endogeneity when estimating the model and show how to obtain parameter estimates using a combination of aggregate market share data and individual level data on search and purchases. To deal with the dimensionality problem that typically arises in search models due to a large number of consideration sets we propose a novel Monte Carlo estimator for the search and purchase probabilities. Monte Carlo experiments highlight the importance of allowing for sufficient consumer heterogeneity when doing policy counterfactuals and show that our Monte Carlo estimator is accurate and computationally fast. Finally, a behavioral assumption on how consumers search provides a micro-foundation for consideration probabilities widely used in the literature.
Author: Ali Hortaçsu Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691243468 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
"Within economics a relatively new way of modeling has dominated important subfields: structural modeling. The goal of this book is to give an overview on how the various streams of literatures in empirical industrial organization and quantitative marketing use structural econometric modeling to estimate the model parameters, give the economic-model-based predictions, and conduct the policy counterfactual experiments. The traditional way of modelling, called "reduced-form" builds its models from simple relationships between variables of interests, which are mostly linear. Structural econometric models start by specifying the structure of the economic model, and the variables are calibrated from real-world data. This method enables better predictions and policy counterfactuals, and has other benefits. When considering a hypothetical policy change using the traditional modeling method ("reduced form"), researchers can often only estimate whether an effect would be positive or negative. With a structural econometric model using real-world data, a researcher can obtain the magnitude of the effects resulting from a hypothetical change. But the ability of quantifying the effects associated with a hypothetical policy change comes with its costs: the nonlinearity from explicitly specifying the possible relationships makes the structural econometric approach generally much more difficult to implement than its reduced-form counterpart. Therefore this book will provide a much-needed resource on how to use these methods effectively in the fields in which they been used the most, empirical industrial organization and quantitative marketing"--
Author: Steven T. Berry
Author: Steven T. Berry
Author: Steven T. Berry
Author: 
Author: Steven T. Berry
Author: Steven Berry
Author: John Beath
Author: Sergei Koulayev
Author: 
Author: José Luis Moraga-González
Author: Ali Hortaçsu