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Author: R. R. Greene Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 41
Book Description
Acoustic propagation in the Arctic is intimately related to the structure of surface pack ice. In this paper, reflection loss and transmission loss are calculated based upon statistical models of ice roughness. Statistical models of ice ridges are introduced and techniques for estimating the roughness spectrum of ridged surfaces are developed. Next, a model for estimating the mean reflection loss is introduced. The reflection loss formulas are based on the statistical models for roughness. Transmission loss calculations using High-Angle parabolic equation (ARCHAPE) in a simulated Arctic environment are compared with data. The results demonstrate that rough surface scattering from random-depth ice keel structures can account for the observed rate of transmission loss in the Arctic. Keywords include: Acoustic Scattering, and Propagation loss.
Author: R. R. Greene Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 41
Book Description
Acoustic propagation in the Arctic is intimately related to the structure of surface pack ice. In this paper, reflection loss and transmission loss are calculated based upon statistical models of ice roughness. Statistical models of ice ridges are introduced and techniques for estimating the roughness spectrum of ridged surfaces are developed. Next, a model for estimating the mean reflection loss is introduced. The reflection loss formulas are based on the statistical models for roughness. Transmission loss calculations using High-Angle parabolic equation (ARCHAPE) in a simulated Arctic environment are compared with data. The results demonstrate that rough surface scattering from random-depth ice keel structures can account for the observed rate of transmission loss in the Arctic. Keywords include: Acoustic Scattering, and Propagation loss.
Author: G. L. Duckworth Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
A single explosive shot at a range of 341.3 km in the Pole Abyssal Plain of the Arctic Ocean is used to assess the components of propagation loss for this region. The acoustic energy propagated between a satellite ice camp and the Fram II ice station in a water column of nearly uniform depth. Much of the observed energy interacted with the upper 200 meters of sediments along a path which was nearly parallel to the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge. In addition, the upward refracting sound channel of the Arctic Ocean also caused the observed energy to interact extensively with the ice canopy, which was contiguous over the entire path. The deterministic lateral homogeneity of the bathymetry and sediments, and the statistical lateral homogeneity of the ice canopy in this region allow us to attempt to separate the effects of geometrical spreading, ice surface scattering, and effective sediment compressional wave attenuation. The primary data for this work are observations of the signal from a 25.8 kg explosive charge received on a 24 channel two-dimensional hydrophone array with a 1 km aperture. The data are inadequate to resolve attenuation at depth, but provide an estimate for frequency independent Q of 200 to 300 for the upper 200 meters of the sediments and a dependency of surface scattering on frequency over the 5-50 Hz band. It is shown that partially coherent summation of the surface multipaths is required to predict the observations. (RRH).
Author: Michael I. Taroudakis Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475735200 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 221
Book Description
This volume provides recent and useful results for bottom recognition, inverse scattering in acoustic wave guides and ocean acoustic tomography, plus a discussion of some of the new algorithms, such as those related to matched-field processing, which have recently been used for inverting experimental data.
Author: Dale D. Ellis Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401120781 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 399
Book Description
During the past decade there has been a renewed interest in active sonar systems at both low and medium frequencies. More recently this interest has been extended to very high frequencies in shallow water. Reverberation often limits the detection performance of these systems, and there is a need to understand the underlying mechanisms that cause the scattering. With more emphasis being given to reverberation phenomena in the Scientific Program of Work at the SACLANT Undersea Research Centre, it was considered an opportune time to host a meeting, bringing together scientists from NATO countries to foster cross-disciplinary dialogue and generate ideas for new research directions. Consequently the Ocean Reverberation Symposium was held 25-29 May 1992 in La Spezia, Italy. Over 60 presentations were made on a diverse selection of topics, of which ten papers will be published as a SACLANTCEN Conference Proceedings. The papers in this volume are grouped into 8 sections, usually in the same order as presented at the corresponding session of the Symposium: Section 1 - Scattering Mechanisms Section 2 - High Frequency Measurements and Mechanisms Section 3 - Reverberation Modelling Section 4 - ARSRP Mid-Atlantic Ridge Experiment Section 5 - Low Frequency Measurements Section 6 - Volume Scattering Section 7 - Signal Processing Issues Section 8 - Applications Taken together the papers show some emerging trends in the research.
Author: Aldo Chircop Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030449750 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
This open access book is a result of the Dalhousie-led research project Safe Navigation and Environment Protection, supported by a grant from the Ocean Frontier Institute’s the Canada First Research Excellent Fund (CFREF). The book focuses on Arctic shipping and investigates how ocean change and anthropogenic impacts affect our understanding of risk, policy, management and regulation for safe navigation, environment protection, conflict management between ocean uses, and protection of Indigenous peoples’ interests. A rapidly changing Arctic as a result of climate change and ice loss is rendering the North more accessible, providing new opportunities while producing impacts on the Arctic. The book explores ideas for enhanced governance of Arctic shipping through risk-based planning, marine spatial planning and scaling up shipping standards for safety, environment protection and public health.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Anti-submarine warfare Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
The presence, and apparently specialized nature, of Soviet submarines in the Arctic has encouraged the U.S. Navy to take a more active role in investigating the Arctic environment especially relevant to antisubmarine warfare. This report presents an abridgement of some of the knowledge of the Arctic environment relevant to specific disciplines and is a starting point for new investigators of Arctic phenomena pertinent to naval operations. Topics covered include: Sea ice; Arctic oceanography; General climatology; Comparison of U.S. --U.S.S.R. Arctic programs; Arctic acoustics; Submarines in the Arctic; Arctic remote sensing; Adapting to the environment; Logistics. Appendices summarize information about the Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, Kara Sea, Greenland Sea, Laptev Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, East Siberian Sea, Labrador Sea, Baffin Bay/Davis Strait, Bering Sea, Norwegian Sea, and the Central Arctic. A bibliography and a summary of the WMO sea ice classification are also provided.
Author: R. R. Greene
Author: R. R. Greene
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Author: G. L. Duckworth
Author: Michael I. Taroudakis
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Author: World Data Center A for Glaciology
Author: Dale D. Ellis
Author: Frederick E. White
Author: Aldo Chircop
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