Hypsometry of the Continents PDF Download

Author: J. Graham Cogley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Altitudes
Languages : en
Pages : 60

View

Book Description

Author: R. Sabadini
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401133743
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 705

View

Book Description
by K. Lambeck, R. Sabadini and E. B08Chi Viscosity is one of the important material properties of the Earth, controlling tectonic and dynamic processes such as mantle convection, isostasy, and glacial rebound. Yet it remains a poorly resolved parameter and basic questions such as whether the planet's response to loading is linear or non-linear, or what are its depth and lateral variations remain uncertain. Part of the answer to such questions lies in laboratory observations of the rheology of terrestrial materials. But the extrapolation of such measurements from the laboratory environment to the geological environment is a hazardous and vexing undertaking, for neither the time scales nor the strain rates characterizing the geological processes can be reproduced in the laboratory. General rules for this extrapolation are that if deformation is observed in the laboratory at a particular temperature, deformation in geological environments will occur at a much reduced temperature, and that if at laboratory strain rates a particular deformation mechanism dominates over all others, the relative importance of possible mechanisms may be quite different at the geologically encountered strain rates. Hence experimental results are little more than guidelines as to how the Earth may respond to forces on long time scales.

Author: Philip Kearey
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444313886
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 727

View

Book Description
From AMETHYST to ARTESIAN SPRING, from COAL GAS to CONTINENTAL DRIFT, from SEISMOGRAM to STROMATOLITE, the Encylopedia of the Solid Earth Sciences provides a comprehensive modern reference text for all the subdisciplines of the Earth Sciences. The Encyclopedia is primarily intended for professional earth scientists and those specializing in related subjects. However, it will also provide an important reference for students of the Earth Sciences and those needing information on terms in current usage. The book contains three main styles of entry: articles up to 1500 words on major topics such as plate tectonics, standard entries of up to a couple of hundred words on topics such as groups of minerals,and brief definitions of, for instance, individual minerals.

Author: H.D. Holland
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642693172
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 431

View

Book Description
3 of the experience of the last few generations. The group of happily unexperienced events includes large bolide impacts with the Earth. The evidence for the occurrence of such impacts at intervals of some tens of millions of years is quite convincing, and Lyell stands admonished by Hamlet: "There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy. " The role of bolide impacts on the history of life during other portions of the Phanerozoic Eon is less clear (see Raup and Fischer, both this volume), and catastrophic changes unrelated to extraterrestrial processes may have been important (see Holser, this volume). Changes in the later Precambrian biota are still difficult to interpret, in part because the preservation of soft-bodied animals from this period of Earth history is so unusual (see Seilacher, this volume). During the past billion years or so, bolide impacts have exerted a significant effect on the Earth's surface and its inhabitants, but not on its interior. The 3800 Ma rocks at Isua in West Greenland are the oldest terrestrial rocks that are currently available for inspection (see Dymek, this volume). They contain abundant evidence for the operation of chemical and physical processes that are similar to those of the present day. This situation could not have prevailed during the entire 700 Ma preceding the formation of the Isua rocks.

Author: Gerald Schubert
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521798365
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1016

View

Book Description
Comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of all aspects of mantle convection, for advanced students and researchers.

Author: John J. W. Rogers
Publisher: CUP Archive
ISBN: 9780521397827
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 332

View

Book Description
This book surveys the history of the Earth and the nature of the processes that controlled its history. Integrating information from many fields, the book focuses on fundamental processes, the geological record, historical topics, and specific areas such as the development of modern ocean basins and the nature of cratonic sedimentary cover sequences.

Author: Andrew D. Miall
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662033801
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 436

View

Book Description
Sequence stratigraphy represents a new paradigm in geology. The principal hypothesis is that stratigraphie successions may be subdivided into discrete sequences bounded by widespread unconformities. There are two parts to this hypothesis. First, it suggests that the driving forces which generate sequences and their bounding unconformities also generate predietable three-dimensional stratigraphies. In re cent years stratigraphie research guided by sequence models has brought about fundamental im provements in our understanding of stratigraphie processes and the controls of basin architecture. Sequence models have provided a powerful framework for mapping and numerieal modeling, enabling the science of stratigraphy to advance with rapid strides. This research has demonstrated the importance of a wide range of processes for the generation of cyclie sequences, including eustasy, tectonics, and orbital forcing of climate change. The main objective of this book is to document the sequence record and to discuss our current state of knowledge about sequence-generating processes.

Author: Michael E. Brookfield
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470693223
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 340

View

Book Description
Principles of Stratigraphy reafferms the vital importance of stratigraphy to the earth sciences, and introduces the undergraduate to its key elements in a lively and interesting fashion. First recent text devoted to stratigraphic principles and applications. Contains details of the latest stratigraphic techniques. Includes numerous case studies and real-world examples. An Instructor manual CD-ROM for this title is available. Please contact our Higher Education team at [email protected] for more information.

Author: Michael A. Summerfield
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317885104
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1234

View

Book Description
The plate tectonics revolution in the earth sciences has provided a valuable new framework for understanding long-term landform development. This innovative text provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject of global geomorphology, with the emphasis placed on large-scale processes and phenomena. Integrating global tectonics into the study of landforms and incorporating planetary geomorphology as a major component the author discusses the impact of climatic change and the role of catastrophic events on landform genesis and includes a comprehensive study of surface geomorphic processes.

Author: Philip A. Allen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444313568
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422

View

Book Description
Earth Surface Processes is an introductory text for those studying the dynamics of fluid and sediment transport in the environments, in the context of both present-day patterns as well as the environmental changes decipherable in the geological record. The book is divided into two parts. The first deals with the global-scale aspects of the earth's surface system. The second part focuses on the physical underpinnings for fluid and sediment transport in a number of settings, found at the earth's surface and in its oceans. Earth Surface Processes fits into the literature of the broad holistic discipline of 'Earth System Science.' The author illustrates the physical principles of earth's surface processes and explains the relevant theories by quantitative practical exercises. The pioneering textbook on the "new sedimentology" One of the first textbooks to adopt the Earth Systems approach to geology, developed at Penn State and Stanford Should reinvigorate more traditional courses in physical sedimentology and dynamical sedimentology Successfully marries the innovative holistic approach to Earth Systems with the traditional reductionist approach to sedimentary processes Explains both the global-scale Earth Surface System and the fluid dynamics and sedimentary transport processes that underlie this Quantitative approach is reinforced with worked examples and solutions Richly illustrated with original diagrams and a colour plate section