Hyperpolarized 3He-diffusion MRI in Evaluation of Lung Structure in Emphysema PDF Download

Author: Sandra Díaz Ruiz
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789186059804
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64

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Author: Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319426176
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 519

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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of how to use MRI for the imaging of lung disease. Special emphasis is placed on routine applications and the clinical impact of MRI in each setting. In addition, current technological developments are reviewed and information presented on dedicated applications of MRI in preclinical and translational research, clinical trials, and specialized institutions. During the past two decades, significant advances in the technology have enabled MRI to enter and mature in the clinical arena of chest imaging. Standard protocols are now readily available on MR scanners, and MRI is recommended as the first- or second-line imaging modality for a variety of lung diseases, not limited to cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer. The benefits and added value of MRI originate from its ability to both visualize lung structure and provide information on different aspects of lung function, such as perfusion, respiratory motion, ventilation, and gas exchange. On this basis, novel quantitative surrogates for lung function and therapy control (imaging biomarkers) are generated. The second edition of MRI of the Lung has been fully updated to take account of recent advances. It is written by an internationally balanced team of renowned authors representing all major groups in the field.

Author: Miranda Kirby
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 652

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the 4th leading cause of death worldwide and accounts for the highest rate of hospital admission s in Canada . The need for sensitive regional and surrogate measurements of lung structure and function in COPD continues to motivate the development of non-radiation based and sensitive imaging approaches, such as hyperpolarized helium-3 (3 He) and xenon-129 (129 Xe) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The static ventilation images acquired using these approaches allows us to directly visualize lung regions accessed by the hyperpolarized gas during a breath-hold, as well as quantify the regions without signal referred to as the percentage of the thoracic cavity occupied by ventilation defects (VDP). The lung micro-structure can also be probed using diffusion-weighted imaging which takes advantage of the rapid diffusion of 3 He and 129 Xe atoms to generate surrogate measurements of alveolar size, referred to as the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Here we evaluated COPD lung structure and function using hyperpolarized gas MRI measurements longitudinally, following treatment and in early disease. In COPD ex-smokers, we demonstrated 3 He VDP and ADC worsened significantly in only 2 years although there was no change in age-matched healthy volunteers, suggestive of disease progression. We also evaluated COPD ex-smokers pre - and post - bronchodilator and showed regional improvements in gas distribution following bronchodilator therapy regardless of spirometry-based responder classification ; the ADC measured in these same COPD ex-smokers also revealed significant reductions in regional gas trapping post-bronchodilator. Although 3 He MRI has been more widely used, the limited global quantities necessitates the transition to hyperpo larized 129 Xe, and therefore we directly compared 3 He and 129 Xe MRI in the same COPD ex - smokers and showed significantly greater gas distribution abnormalities for 129 Xe compared to 3 He MRI that were spatially and significantly related to lung regions with elevated ADC . Finally, we demonstrated that ex - smokers with normal spirometry but abnormal diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D L CO) ha d significantly worse symptoms, exercise capacity and 3 He ADC than ex - smokers with normal D L CO . These important findings indicate that hyperpolarized gas MRI can be used to improve our understanding of lung structural and functional changes in COPD.

Author: Lindsay Mathew
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 390

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Smoking-related lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are projected to have claimed the lives of more than 30,000 Canadians in 2010. The poor prognosis and lack of new treatment options for lung diseases associated with smoking are largely due to the inadequacy of current techniques for evaluating lung function. Hyperpolarized 3He magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a relatively new technique, and quantitative measurements derived from these images, specifically the ventilation defect volume (VDV) and ventilation defect percent (VDP) have the potential to provide new sensitive measures of lung function. Here, we evaluate the reproducibility of VDV, and explore the sensitivity of these measurements in healthy young and elderly volunteers, and subjects with smoking-related lung disease (COPD and radiation-induced lung injury (RILI)). Our results show that 3He MRI measurements of ventilation have high short-term reproducibility in both healthy volunteers and subjects with COPD. Additionally, we report that these measurements are sensitive to age-related changes in lung function. Finally, in RILI we show that measurements of lung function derived from 3He MRI are sensitive to longitudinal changes in lung function following treatment, while in COPD we report that using VDP in conjunction with structural measurements of disease (using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted images) may provide a new method for phenotyping this smoking-related lung disease.

Author: Amir M. Owrangi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 316

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality affecting at least 600 million people worldwide. The most widely used clinical measurements of lung function such as spirometry and plethysmography are generally accepted for diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. However, these tests provide only global measures of lung function and they are insensitive to early disease changes. Imaging tools that are currently available have the potential to provide regional information about lung structure and function but at present are mainly used for qualitative assessment of disease and disease progression. In this thesis, we focused on the application of quantitative measurements of lung structure derived from 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high resolution computed tomography (CT) in subjects diagnosed with COPD by a physician. Our results showed that significant and moderately strong relationship exists between 1H signal intensity (SI) and 3He apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), as well as between 1H SI and CT measurements of emphysema. This suggests that these imaging methods may be quantifying the same tissue changes in COPD, and that pulmonary 1H SI may be used effectively to monitor emphysema as a complement to CT and noble gas MRI. Additionally, our results showed that objective multi-threshold analysis of CT images for emphysema scoring that takes into account the frequency distribution of each Hounsfield unit (HU) threshold was effective in correctly classifying the patient into COPD and healthy subgroups. Finally, we found a significant correlation between whole lung average subjective and objective emphysema scores with high inter-observer agreement. It is concluded that 1H MRI and high resolution CT can be used to quantitatively evaluate lung tissue alterations in COPD subjects.

Author: Chengbo Wang
Publisher: VDM Publishing
ISBN: 9783836463669
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 188

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Book Description
COPD and asthma have significant morbidity and mortality. Hyperpolarized (HP) 3He Diffusion MRI has been used to assess lung diseases. The results correlated well with histology, but the diffusion time for previous methods is limited to the order of milliseconds under 1.5 T. New MR methods were developed to measure HP 3He diffusion over the long-time scale (LTS: diffusion time on the order of seconds) in human lungs and were used to investigate COPD and asthma. The basic equations were developed, numerical simulation was performed, and measurements were made in phantoms. Measurements in healthy subjects confirmed that 3He diffusion still strongly depended on the diffusion time in LTS and the ADC decreased significantly. Reproducibility, anisotropy and dependence on parameters were characterized. Experiments in patients with COPD suggested that LTS diffusion was more sensitive to early COPD changes than short-time-scale diffusion. Measurements in patients with severe asthma revealed large regional elevations in LTS ADC maps while the changes in STS were smaller. And there was a good correlation between LTS ADC maps and areas of low-density "air-trapping" seen by CT.

Author: Yoshiharu Ohno
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030435393
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 363

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This book reviews the basics of pulmonary functional imaging using new CT and MR techniques and describes the clinical applications of these techniques in detail. The intention is to equip readers with a full understanding of pulmonary functional imaging that will allow optimal application of all relevant techniques in the assessment of a variety of diseases, including COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer and pulmonary nodule. Pulmonary functional imaging has been promoted as a research and diagnostic tool that has the capability to overcome the limitations of morphological assessments as well as functional evaluation based on traditional nuclear medicine studies. The recent advances in CT and MRI and in medical image processing and analysis have given further impetus to pulmonary functional imaging and provide the basis for future expansion of its use in clinical applications. In documenting the utility of state-of-the-art pulmonary functional imaging in diagnostic radiology and pulmonary medicine, this book will be of high value for chest radiologists, pulmonologists, pulmonary surgeons, and radiation technologists.

Author: Jaime F. Mata
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 280

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Author: Michael Salerno
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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Author: Claude Gaultier
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1461475376
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 464

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Book Description
Knowledge about the mechanisms of lung development has been growing rapidly, especially with regard to cellular and molecular aspects of growth and differentiation. This authoritative international volume reviews key aspects of lung development in health and disease by providing a comprehensive review of the complex series of cellular and molecular interactions required for lung development. It covers such topics as pulmonary hypoplasia, effects of malnutrition, and pulmaonary angiogenesis. An indispensable reference for all those involved in studying or treating lung disease in neonates and children, the book offers a unique view of the development of this essential organ.