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Author: Desmond Bourgeois Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 335
Book Description
Dissimilar metal welds (DMWs) are routinely used in the oil and gas industries for structural joining of high strength steels in order to eliminate the need for post weld heat treatment (PWHT) after field welding. There have been reported catastrophic failures in these DMWs, particularly the AISI 8630 steel - Alloy 625 DMW combination, during subsea service while under cathodic protection (CP). This is due to local embrittlement that occurs in susceptible microstructures that are present at the weld fusion boundary region. This type of cracking is known as hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) and it is influenced by base/filler metal combination, and welding and PWHT procedures. DMWs of two material combinations (8630 steel - Alloy 625 and F22 steel - Alloy 625), produced with two welding procedures (BS1 and BS3) in as welded and PWHT conditions were investigated in this study. The main objectives included: 1) evaluation of the effect of materials composition, welding and PWHT procedures on the gradients of composition, microstructure, and properties in the dissimilar transition region and on the susceptibility to HAC; 2) investigation of the influence of microstructure on the HAC failure mechanism and identification of microstructural constituents acting as crack nucleation and propagation sites; 3) assessment of the applicability of two-step PWHT to improve the resistance to HAC in DMWs; 4) establishment of non-failure criterion for the delayed hydrogen cracking test (DHCT) that is applicable for qualification of DMWs for subsea service under cathodic protection (CP).
Author: Desmond Bourgeois Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 335
Book Description
Dissimilar metal welds (DMWs) are routinely used in the oil and gas industries for structural joining of high strength steels in order to eliminate the need for post weld heat treatment (PWHT) after field welding. There have been reported catastrophic failures in these DMWs, particularly the AISI 8630 steel - Alloy 625 DMW combination, during subsea service while under cathodic protection (CP). This is due to local embrittlement that occurs in susceptible microstructures that are present at the weld fusion boundary region. This type of cracking is known as hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) and it is influenced by base/filler metal combination, and welding and PWHT procedures. DMWs of two material combinations (8630 steel - Alloy 625 and F22 steel - Alloy 625), produced with two welding procedures (BS1 and BS3) in as welded and PWHT conditions were investigated in this study. The main objectives included: 1) evaluation of the effect of materials composition, welding and PWHT procedures on the gradients of composition, microstructure, and properties in the dissimilar transition region and on the susceptibility to HAC; 2) investigation of the influence of microstructure on the HAC failure mechanism and identification of microstructural constituents acting as crack nucleation and propagation sites; 3) assessment of the applicability of two-step PWHT to improve the resistance to HAC in DMWs; 4) establishment of non-failure criterion for the delayed hydrogen cracking test (DHCT) that is applicable for qualification of DMWs for subsea service under cathodic protection (CP).
Author: Ryan Buntain Publisher: ISBN: Category : Dissimilar welding Languages : en Pages : 275
Book Description
This research investigated the HAC susceptibility of LAS butter welds joined to F65 steel pipes using nickel based Alloy 625 filler wire in the as-welded condition. Four different weld mock ups were investigated in this work. Each of the weld mock ups utilized slightly different closure welding procedures. Metallurgical characterization along with environmental testing using the Delayed Hydrogen Cracking Test (DHCT) was used to investigate the hydrogen assisted cracking behavior of the different interfaces.
Author: Thomas Böllinghaus Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319284347 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 502
Book Description
This is the fourth volume in the well-established series of compendiums devoted to the subject of weld hot cracking. It contains the papers presented at the 4th International Cracking Workshop held in Berlin in April 2014. In the context of this workshop, the term “cracking” refers to hot cracking in the classical and previous sense, but also to cold cracking, stress-corrosion cracking and elevated temp. solid-state cracking. A variety of different cracking subjects are discussed, including test standards, crack prediction, weldability determination, crack mitigation, stress states, numerical modelling, and cracking mechanisms. Likewise, many different alloys were investigated such as aluminum alloys, copper-aluminum dissimilar metal, austenitic stainless steel, nickel base alloys, duplex stainless steel, creep resistant steel, and high strength steel.
Author: William Donald Needham Publisher: ISBN: Category : Naval architecture Languages : en Pages : 554
Book Description
An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the corrosion performance of weldments of a high strength low alloy(HSLA) steel in a simulated seawater environment. This steel, designated HSLA80, was developed by the United States Navy for use in ship structural applications. Stress corrosion CRACKING(SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement(HEM) were investigated by conducting 42 Wedge-Opening load(WOL) tests as a function of stress intensity and corrosion potential and 33 Slow Strain Rate(SSR) tests as a function of strain rate and corrosion potential. The corrosion potentials were chosen to simulate the environmental conditions of free corrosion, cathodic protection and hydrogen generation. The results from this investigation indicated that HSLA 80 base metal and weldments were susceptible to hydrogen assisted cracking(HAC) in a seawater environment under conditions of continuous plastic deformation and triaxial stress in the presence of hydrogen. The heat-affected zone of the weldment was found to be the most susceptible portion of the weld joint. A lower bound was established for the critical stress intensity for stress corrosion cracking for HSLA 80 base metal and weldments.(Theses).
Author: R Singh Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1845695453 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 581
Book Description
Weld cracks are unacceptable defects that can compromise the integrity of welded structures. Weld cracking can lead to structural failures which at best will require remedial action and at worst can lead to loss of life. Weld cracking in ferrous alloys reviews the latest developments in the design, evaluation, prevention and repair of weld cracks.Part one reviews the fundamentals as well as recent advances in the areas of welding technology, design and material selection for preventing weld cracking. Part two analyses weld crack behaviour, evaluation and repair of cracking/cracked welds. The book benefits from an extensive and robust chapter on the topic of NDE and quality control that was contributed by one of the most respected non-destructive evaluation and development groups in the world. Part three covers environment assisted weld cracking.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Weld cracking in ferrous alloys is a valuable source of reference for all those concerned with improving the quality of welding and welded components. In the planning and development of this book, particular care has been taken to make the chapters suitable for people from other disciplines who need to understand weld cracking and failure. - Reviews the latest developments in the design, evaluation, prevention and repair of weld cracks - Assesses recent advances in welding technology, design and material selection - Analyses weld crack behaviour, evaluation and repair including environment assisted weld cracking
Author: Alexander Robert Troiano Publisher: ASM International ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
Authors of fifteen papers analyse current problems and present their theories and the results of research projects. Contents include: Hydrogen Degradation Phenomena Theories of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking of Steels Hydrogen Trapping in Iron and Steels Fracture Mechanics and Surface Chemistry Investigations of Environment-Assisted Crack Growth Role of Microstructure in Hydrogen Embrittlement Propagation of Stress Corrosion Cracks and Relevance to Proposed Mechanisms of Stress Corrosion Cracking Stress Corrosion Cracking of Ferritic and Austenitic Stainless Steels Fundamentals of Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of Metals and Alloys Hydrogen Permeation and Embrittlement Studies on Metallic Glasses Industrial Occurrence of Stress Corrosion Cracking and Means for Prediction.
Author: RA. Hays Publisher: ISBN: Category : Alloys Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
The hydrogen assisted crack initiation susceptibility of 5-Ni-Cr-Mo-V (MIL-S-24371A) quenched and tempered steel plate, weldment, and Gleeble thermal cycled materials representative of tempered and untempered weld metal was investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution. The conjoint role of steady state diffusible hydrogen content and maximum principal stress was quantitatively characterized by: (1) Devanathan-Stachurski hydrogen permeation tests, and (2) slow strain rate tests conducted under various cathodic protection levels.
Author: W. F. Savage Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 61
Book Description
The relative susceptibility to hydrogen-assisted cracking of AX-140 welds on HY-130 plate material and on AX-140 all-weld-metal specimens was investigated. Controlled amounts of diffusible hydrogen were introduced into these weldments by using the pulsed-current gas metal arc welding process with additions of hydrogen or moisture to the shielding gas. The critical hydrogen content required for crack initiation and propagation was determined by the augmented strain cracking (ASC) test. Crack initiation and propagation were monitored with acoustic-emission techniques. Although hydrogen-assisted cracking invariably initiated in the fusion zone, it frequently propagated into the heat-affected zone. Crack propagation through the weld metal was not always related to the solidification structure. The critical hydrogen content to initiate cracking in AX-140 welds on HY-130 plate was approximately 1 ppm, whereas in AX-140 welds on AX-140 all-weld-metal the critical hydrogen content was approximately 3 ppm. This difference is cracking susceptibility was ascribed to the difference between the base-metal and the fusion-zone analyses.
Author: Desmond Bourgeois
Author: Desmond Bourgeois
Author: Ryan Buntain
Author: Thomas Böllinghaus
Author: William Donald Needham
Author: R Singh
Author: Emmett I. Husa
Author: Alexander Robert Troiano
Author: Ekkarut Viyanit
Author: RA. Hays
Author: W. F. Savage