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The Colored Patriots of the American Revolution

The Colored Patriots of the American Revolution PDF Author: William Cooper Nell
Publisher: Andesite Press
ISBN: 9781298490308
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 412

Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The Colored Patriots of the American Revolution

The Colored Patriots of the American Revolution PDF Author: William Cooper Nell
Publisher: Andesite Press
ISBN: 9781298490308
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 412

Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

When Computers Were Human

When Computers Were Human PDF Author: David Alan Grier
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400849365
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 423

Book Description
Before Palm Pilots and iPods, PCs and laptops, the term "computer" referred to the people who did scientific calculations by hand. These workers were neither calculating geniuses nor idiot savants but knowledgeable people who, in other circumstances, might have become scientists in their own right. When Computers Were Human represents the first in-depth account of this little-known, 200-year epoch in the history of science and technology. Beginning with the story of his own grandmother, who was trained as a human computer, David Alan Grier provides a poignant introduction to the wider world of women and men who did the hard computational labor of science. His grandmother's casual remark, "I wish I'd used my calculus," hinted at a career deferred and an education forgotten, a secret life unappreciated; like many highly educated women of her generation, she studied to become a human computer because nothing else would offer her a place in the scientific world. The book begins with the return of Halley's comet in 1758 and the effort of three French astronomers to compute its orbit. It ends four cycles later, with a UNIVAC electronic computer projecting the 1986 orbit. In between, Grier tells us about the surveyors of the French Revolution, describes the calculating machines of Charles Babbage, and guides the reader through the Great Depression to marvel at the giant computing room of the Works Progress Administration. When Computers Were Human is the sad but lyrical story of workers who gladly did the hard labor of research calculation in the hope that they might be part of the scientific community. In the end, they were rewarded by a new electronic machine that took the place and the name of those who were, once, the computers.

Women in Early British and Irish Astronomy

Women in Early British and Irish Astronomy PDF Author: Mary Brück
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048124735
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281

Book Description
Careers in astronomy for women (as in other sciences) were a rarity in Britain and Ireland until well into the twentieth century. The book investigates the place of women in astronomy before that era, recounted in the form of biographies of about 25 women born between 1650 and 1900 who in varying capacities contributed to its progress during the eighteenth, nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. There are some famous names among them whose biographies have been written before now, there are others who have received less than their due recognition while many more occupied inconspicuous and sometimes thankless places as assistants to male family members. All deserve to be remembered as interesting individuals in an earlier opportunity-poor age. Placed in roughly chronological order, their lives constitute a sample thread in the story of female entry into the male world of science. The book is aimed at astronomers, amateur astronomers, historians of science, and promoters of women in science, but being written in non-technical language it is intended to be of interest also to educated readers generally.

The Sun Recorded Through History

The Sun Recorded Through History PDF Author: J.M. Vaquero
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387927905
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 395

Book Description
The Sun is nowadays observed using di?erent techniques that provide an almost instantaneous 3-D map of its structure. Of particular interest is the studyofthevariabilityinthesolaroutputproducedbythedissipationofm- netic energy on di?erent spatial and temporal scales – the so-called magnetic activity. The 11-year cycle is the main feature describing this phenomenon. Apart from its intrinsic scienti?c interest, this topic is worth studying because of the interaction of such processes with the terrestrial environment. A ?eet of space and ground-based observatories are currently monitoring the behaviour of our star on a daily basis. However, solar activity varies not only on this decadal time-scale, as has been attested mainly through two methods: (a) records of the number of sunspots observed on the solar surface from 1610, and (b) the records of 14 10 cosmogenic isotopes, such as Cand Be, measured in tree-rings and i- cores, respectively. The study of the long-term behaviour of solar activity may be comp- mented by the study of historical accounts describing phenomena directly or indirectly related to solar activity. Numerous scienti?c and non-scienti?c d- uments have reported these events and we can make use of them as a proxy of solar activity in past times.

A History and Description of the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope

A History and Description of the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope PDF Author: David Gill
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arc measures
Languages : en
Pages : 428

Book Description


Climatic Variability in Sixteenth-Century Europe and Its Social Dimension

Climatic Variability in Sixteenth-Century Europe and Its Social Dimension PDF Author: Christian Pfister
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401592594
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352

Book Description
A multidecadal cooling is known to have occurred in Europe in the final decades of the sixteenth-century. It is still open to debate as to what might have caused the underlying shifts in atmospheric circulation and how these changes affected societies. This book is the fruit of interdisciplinary cooperation among 37 scientists including climatologists, hydrologists, glaciologists, dendroclimatologists, and economic and cultural historians. The known documentary climatic evidence from six European countries is compared to results of tree-ring studies. Seasonal temperature and precipitation are estimated from this data and monthly mean surface pressure patterns in the European area are reconstructed for outstanding anomalies. Results are compared to fluctuations of Alpine glaciers and to changes in the frequency of severe floods and coastal storms. Moreover, the impact of climate change on grain prices and wine production is assessed. Finally, it is convincingly argued that witches at that time were burnt as scapegoats for climatic change.

The Strategic Role of Perigean Spring Tides

The Strategic Role of Perigean Spring Tides PDF Author: Fergus J. Wood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Storm surges
Languages : en
Pages : 580

Book Description


Tidal Dynamics : Coastal Flooding and Cycles of Gravitational Force

Tidal Dynamics : Coastal Flooding and Cycles of Gravitational Force PDF Author: Fergus J. Wood
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 744

Book Description
Rev., expanded ed. of: The strategic role of perigean spring tides in nautical history and North American coastal flooding, 1635-1976. 1978.

Hutchins' Improved Almanac and Ephemeris, for the Year of Our Lord ...

Hutchins' Improved Almanac and Ephemeris, for the Year of Our Lord ... PDF Author: David Young
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Almanacs, American
Languages : en
Pages : 36

Book Description


Women and the Practice of Medical Care in Early Modern Europe, 1400-1800

Women and the Practice of Medical Care in Early Modern Europe, 1400-1800 PDF Author: L. Whaley
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230295177
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 323

Book Description
Women have engaged in healing from the beginning of history, often within the context of the home. This book studies the role, contributions and challenges faced by women healers in France, Spain, Italy and England, including medical practice among women in the Jewish and Muslim communities, from the later Middle Ages to approximately 1800.