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Author: Arne D. Ekstrom Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691171742 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 213
Book Description
The first book to comprehensively explore the cognitive foundations of human spatial navigation Humans possess a range of navigation and orientation abilities, from the ordinary to the extraordinary. All of us must move from one location to the next, following habitual routes and avoiding getting lost. While there is more to learn about how the brain underlies our ability to navigate, neuroscience and psychology have begun to converge on some important answers. In Human Spatial Navigation, four leading experts tackle fundamental and unique issues to produce the first book-length investigation into this subject. Opening with the vivid story of Puluwat sailors who navigate in the open ocean with no mechanical aids, the authors begin by dissecting the behavioral basis of human spatial navigation. They then focus on its neural basis, describing neural recordings, brain imaging experiments, and patient studies. Recent advances give unprecedented insights into what is known about the cognitive map and the neural systems that facilitate navigation. The authors discuss how aging and diseases can impede navigation, and they introduce cutting-edge network models that show how the brain can act as a highly integrated system underlying spatial navigation. Throughout, the authors touch on fascinating examples of able navigators, from the Inuit of northern Canada to London taxi drivers, and they provide a critical lens into previous navigation research, which has primarily focused on other species, such as rodents. An ideal book for students and researchers seeking an accessible introduction to this important topic, Human Spatial Navigation offers a rich look into spatial memory and the neuroscientific foundations for how we make our way in the world.
Author: Arne D. Ekstrom Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691171742 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 213
Book Description
The first book to comprehensively explore the cognitive foundations of human spatial navigation Humans possess a range of navigation and orientation abilities, from the ordinary to the extraordinary. All of us must move from one location to the next, following habitual routes and avoiding getting lost. While there is more to learn about how the brain underlies our ability to navigate, neuroscience and psychology have begun to converge on some important answers. In Human Spatial Navigation, four leading experts tackle fundamental and unique issues to produce the first book-length investigation into this subject. Opening with the vivid story of Puluwat sailors who navigate in the open ocean with no mechanical aids, the authors begin by dissecting the behavioral basis of human spatial navigation. They then focus on its neural basis, describing neural recordings, brain imaging experiments, and patient studies. Recent advances give unprecedented insights into what is known about the cognitive map and the neural systems that facilitate navigation. The authors discuss how aging and diseases can impede navigation, and they introduce cutting-edge network models that show how the brain can act as a highly integrated system underlying spatial navigation. Throughout, the authors touch on fascinating examples of able navigators, from the Inuit of northern Canada to London taxi drivers, and they provide a critical lens into previous navigation research, which has primarily focused on other species, such as rodents. An ideal book for students and researchers seeking an accessible introduction to this important topic, Human Spatial Navigation offers a rich look into spatial memory and the neuroscientific foundations for how we make our way in the world.
Author: Toru Ishikawa Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351251287 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 293
Book Description
This book offers students an introduction to human spatial cognition and experience and is designed for graduate and advanced undergraduate students who are interested in the study of maps in the head and the psychology of space. We live in space and space surrounds us. We interact with space all the time, consciously or unconsciously, and make decisions and actions based on our perceptions of that space. Have you ever wondered how some people navigate perfectly using maps in their heads while other people get lost even with a physical map? What do you mean when you say you have a poor "sense of direction"? How do we know where we are? How do we use and represent information about space? This book clarifies that our knowledge and feelings emerge as a consequence of our interactions with the surrounding space, and show that the knowledge and feelings direct, guide, or limit our spatial behavior and experience. Space matters, or more specifically space we perceive matters. Research into spatial cognition and experience, asking fundamental questions about how and why space and spatiality matters to humans, has thus attracted attention. It is no coincidence that the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded for research into a positioning system in the brain or "inner GPS" and that spatial information and technology are recognized as an important social infrastructure in recent years. This is the first book aimed at graduate and advanced undergraduate students pursuing this fascinating area of research. The content introduces the reader to the field of spatial cognition and experience with a series of chapters covering theoretical, empirical, and practical issues, including cognitive maps, spatial orientation, spatial ability and thinking, geospatial information, navigation assistance, and environmental aesthetics.
Author: Seán Commins Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107104505 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
A visually engaging explanation of the neural process underlying various behaviours in species ranging from the simplest organisms to humans.
Author: Jerry J. Buccafusco Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420041819 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
Using the most well-studied behavioral analyses of animal subjects to promote a better understanding of the effects of disease and the effects of new therapeutic treatments on human cognition, Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience provides a reference manual for molecular and cellular research scientists in both academia and the pharmaceutic
Author: Christoph Hölscher Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642147488 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 357
Book Description
This is the seventh volume of a series of books on fundamental research in spatial cognition. As with past volumes, the research presented here spans a broad range of research traditions, for spatial cognition concerns not just the basic spatial behavior of biological and artificial agents, but also the reasoning processes that allow spatial planning across broad spatial and temporal scales. Spatial information is critical for coordinated action and thus agents interacting with objects and moving among objects must be able to perceive spatial relations, learn about these relations, and act on them, or store the information for later use, either by themselves or communicated to others. Research on this problem has included both psychology, which works to understand how humans and other mobile organisms solve these problems, and computer science, which considers the nature of the information available in the world and a formal consideration of how these problems might be solved. Research on human spatial cognition also involves the application of representations and processes that may have evolved to handle object and location information to reasoning about higher-order problems, such as displaying non-spatial information in diagrams. Thus, work in s- tial cognition extends beyond psychology and computer science into many disciplines including geography and education. The Spatial Cognition conference offers one of the few forums for consideration of the issues spanning this broad academic range.
Author: Reginald G. Golledge Publisher: JHU Press ISBN: 9780801859939 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 460
Book Description
The metaphor of a "cognitive map" has attracted interest since the 1940s. Researchers from many fields have explored how humans process and use spatial information, why they make errors or not. This text brings together contributors from diverse fields to explore the
Author: M. R. O'Connor Publisher: St. Martin's Press ISBN: 1250096960 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 367
Book Description
At once far flung and intimate, a fascinating look at how finding our way make us human. In this compelling narrative, O'Connor seeks out neuroscientists, anthropologists and master navigators to understand how navigation ultimately gave us our humanity. Biologists have been trying to solve the mystery of how organisms have the ability to migrate and orient with such precision—especially since our own adventurous ancestors spread across the world without maps or instruments. O'Connor goes to the Arctic, the Australian bush and the South Pacific to talk to masters of their environment who seek to preserve their traditions at a time when anyone can use a GPS to navigate. O’Connor explores the neurological basis of spatial orientation within the hippocampus. Without it, people inhabit a dream state, becoming amnesiacs incapable of finding their way, recalling the past, or imagining the future. Studies have shown that the more we exercise our cognitive mapping skills, the greater the grey matter and health of our hippocampus. O'Connor talks to scientists studying how atrophy in the hippocampus is associated with afflictions such as impaired memory, dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease, depression and PTSD. Wayfinding is a captivating book that charts how our species' profound capacity for exploration, memory and storytelling results in topophilia, the love of place. "O'Connor talked to just the right people in just the right places, and her narrative is a marvel of storytelling on its own merits, erudite but lightly worn. There are many reasons why people should make efforts to improve their geographical literacy, and O'Connor hits on many in this excellent book—devouring it makes for a good start." —Kirkus Reviews
Author: Changkun Zhao Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Spatial navigation behavior is a basic ability for humans and animals to survive on the earth, as it allows us to seek food, return home, and localize friends. It is widely accepted that human navigation relies on some solid representations of space. Previous studies also show that there are two basic spatial representations: 1) the configurational (map) representation that consists of distances, Cartesian (absolute) directions, and geometric relations; 2) the sequential (route) presentation that involves landmarks and orientation sequences. However, how humans apply the two representations in their daily activities and the key factor of navigation process is still under debate. Two contradictory understandings are: 1) that configurational representation is a solid representation that could lead to accurate navigation behavior; 2) humans basically rely on the sequential representation, and the configurational representation can only lead to inaccurate navigation results. This dissertation explored these issues with a new empirical scenario and a novel cognitive modeling approach. First, I conducted an empirical study using NavMaze to examine three new influence factors of navigation process: spatial retention, navigation preference, and mental rotation ability. The empirical results suggest that spatial retention is not a key factor or human navigation process, and the navigation performance is more correlated to navigation preference and mental rotation ability. This result reveals that human navigation process more replies on procedural skills. Second, I implemented a comprehensive cognitive model named NavModel in ACT-R to replicate empirical data. NavModel consists of a text-based testing platform for ACT-R, a mental rotation model based on an extended imaginal module of ACT-R, and an implementation of spatial representations and navigation strategies in ACT-R. The model fits the empirical data well; the mental rotation model, especially, can generate a very accurate prediction. In the modeling and data fitting process there are three new understandings of human navigation process: 1) humans might rely on the sequential representation during navigation; 2) mental rotation ability is a key procedural skill in navigation; 3) humans use object separation and visual matching in the mental rotation process rather than rotating the entire object in their imagination.
Author: Arne D. Ekstrom
Author: Arne D. Ekstrom
Author: Toru Ishikawa
Author: Seán Commins
Author: Jerry J. Buccafusco
Author: Christoph Hölscher
Author: Jeremy Manning
Author: Igor O. Korolev
Author: Reginald G. Golledge
Author: M. R. O'Connor
Author: Changkun Zhao