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Author: Josef Ludger Loening Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
This paper investigates the impact of human capital on economic growth in Guatemala through the application of an error-correction methodology. Two channels are analyzed, by which human capital is expected to influence growth. A better-educated labor force appears to have a positive and significant impact on economic growth both via factor accumulation as well as on the evolution of total factor productivity. The results have been found robust concerning data issues and parameter stability.
Author: Josef Ludger Loening Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
This paper investigates the impact of human capital on economic growth in Guatemala through the application of an error-correction methodology. Two channels are analyzed, by which human capital is expected to influence growth. A better-educated labor force appears to have a positive and significant impact on economic growth both via factor accumulation as well as on the evolution of total factor productivity. The results have been found robust concerning data issues and parameter stability.
Author: Moḥ. Rabiula Isalāma Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
This thesis empirically examines the roles of innovation and human capital inimproving economic growth for a large number of developed and developing countries. Itcontains three essays. The first essay investigates the effects of R&D intensity andtechnology transfer on total factor productivity growth. It also examines whetherproductivity growth depends on human capital and its interaction with distance to thetechnological frontier. Using several indicators of innovative activity and product variety,the results suggest that R&D intensity has a significant direct and positive effect onproductivity growth only in high income OECD countries, whereas the same effect forR&D-based absorptive capacity is only found in developing countries. Moreover, humancapital-based absorptive capacity is found to be weakly significant in developing countries.Autonomous technology transfer is found to have a significant effect in stimulatingproductivity growth in both groups of countries.The second essay studies whether the contribution of human capital to productivitygrowth depends on its composition and proximity to the technology frontier. Usingdifferent levels of human capital data from several sources, the results indicate that thegrowth-enhancing effects of skilled human capital increase with proximity to thetechnology frontier only in high and medium income countries. Unskilled human capitalcontributes more to growth in low income countries, as they move closer to the technologyfrontier. Female workers with secondary education generate more productivity growth thanmale workers in low income countries, whereas male workers with tertiary educationcontribute more to productivity growth than female workers in high and medium incomecountries. Mature workers with tertiary education are more growth-enhancing for high andmedium income countries, whereas younger workers with secondary education are moregrowth improving for low income countries.The third and final essay examines the joint effects of both the quantity and qualityof human capital in improving productivity growth. Using different measures of humancapital quantity and quality, the results suggest that the growth effects of educationalattainment can be significantly enhanced when the quality of schooling is improved. Themagnitude of the joint effect of quantity and quality is found to be dominated bysmall class size and the performance in cognitive skills tests in science and mathematics.The contribution of the quality-adjusted human capital is found to be stronger indeveloping countries. Human capital is growth enhancing, but to gain a deeper insight oneneeds to examine its composition and distinguish between quality and quantity.
Author: Adrian Peralta-Alva Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1484374975 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
This paper uses a DSGE model to simulate the impact of technological change on labor markets and income distribution. It finds that technological advances offers prospects for stronger productivity and growth, but brings risks of increased income polarization. This calls for inclusive policies tailored to country-specific circumstances and preferences, such as investment in human capital to facilitate retooling of low-skilled workers so that they can partake in the gains of technological change, and redistributive policies (such as differentiated income tax cuts) to help reallocate gains. Policies are also needed to facilitate the process of adjustment.
Author: Hans-Jürgen Engelbrecht Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This paper explores the applicability of the Nelson-Phelps approach to the modeling of human capital in economic growth for the sample of OECD countries. A case is made for confining the approach to the technology diffusion component and for combining it with the Lucas approach. For such a hybrid model, both the favoured interpretation of the Nelson-Phelps approach, as well as the Lucas approach, are supported by the evidence. The sensitivity of the findings is assessed with regard to the use of alternative human capital data sets, including quality (adjusted) measures, and with regard to data outliers.
Author: John Joshua Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1137529369 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 565
Book Description
This book develops a human capital model to explain transformational growth within different stages of economic development, which will induce technological changes and consequently will require a change in human capital. China is a case study in transition and can provide useful lessons to other emerging economies.
Author: Jonas Ljungberg Publisher: Springer ISBN: 0230523811 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 253
Book Description
One theme of this volume is whether the complementarity between technology and human capital is a recent phenomenon, or whether it can be traced through history. Different approaches to human capital as well as technology are applied, and besides historical surveys are total factor productivity and patent data employed. The studies deal with the Iberian peninsula, Scandinavia, and Canada, countries displaying different patterns in the international development.
Author: Sameh El-Saharty Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464815828 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 127
Book Description
The formation of human capital--the knowledge, skills, and health that people accumulate over their lifetimes--is critical for the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Human capital contributes not only to human development and employment but also to the long-term sustainability of a diversified economic growth model that is knowledge based and private sector driven. This approach is critical, given that income from oil and gas will eventually decline and that the nature of work is evolving in response to rapid technological changes, in turn demanding new skill sets. The GCC governments have demonstrated their strong political will for this shift: four of them are among the first countries to join the World Bank’s Human Capital Project—a global effort to improve investments in people as measured by the Human Capital Index. The GCC countries face four main challenges: • Low levels of basic proficiency among schoolchildren • A mismatch between education and the labor market • A relatively high rate of adult mortality and morbidity • A unique labor market , in which wages in the public sector are more generous than in the private sector and government employment of nationals is virtually guaranteed To address these challenges, this report outlines four strategies in a“whole-of-government†? approach: • Investing in high-quality early childhood development • Preparing healthier, better educated, and skilled youth for the future • Enabling greater adult labor force participation • Creating an enabling environment for human capital formation These strategies are based on best practices in other countries and feature some of the GCC countries’ plans, including their national “Visions,†? to take their economies and societies further into the twenty-first century. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the GCC countries face additional challenges that may worsen some preexisting vulnerabilities and erode human capital. In response, the GCC governments have taken multiple measures to protect their populations’ health and their economies. Any country’s decision to reopen its economy needs to closely consider public health consequences to avoid a resurgence of infections and any further erosion of its human capital. The COVID-19 crisis underscores that the need to accelerate and improve investment in human capital has never been greater. Once the GCC countries return to a “new normal,†? they will be in a position to achieve diversified and sustainable growth by adopting, and then tailoring, the strategies presented in this report.
Author: Mr.Vito Tanzi Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 22
Book Description
The present paper takes a fresh theoretical and empirical look into the relationship between Wagner’s law and economic development. It introduces human capital into a classic two-sector model of unbalanced growth. It shows that, as an economy develops, changes in the relative returns to human capital and unskilled labor, as a result of changes to their relative scarcities, could have a significant impact on the size of the government sector, depending in part also on the difference in relative factor intensities between outputs of the private and government sectors. This conjecture is broadly supported by empirical evidence based on a cross-section analysis of a large sample of developed and developing countries.
Author: Josef Ludger Loening
Author: Josef Ludger Loening
Author: Moḥ. Rabiula Isalāma
Author: Bernard M. Hoekman
Author: Erik Hornung
Author: Adrian Peralta-Alva
Author: Hans-Jürgen Engelbrecht
Author: John Joshua
Author: Jonas Ljungberg
Author: Sameh El-Saharty
Author: Mr.Vito Tanzi