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Author: Sayuri Shirai Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1451851774 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
This paper provides a theoretical model to address the issue of how industrialization affects the structure of international trade. Considering both horizontal and vertical product differentiation, the model shows that intra-industry trade increases when product quality improvement emerges in a developing country and when a difference in relative factor endowments between a developed and a developing countries shrinks. To promote understanding of the conclusions of the model, the paper also uses actual trade data between Japan and Indonesia and between Japan and Korea.
Author: Sayuri Shirai Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1451851774 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
This paper provides a theoretical model to address the issue of how industrialization affects the structure of international trade. Considering both horizontal and vertical product differentiation, the model shows that intra-industry trade increases when product quality improvement emerges in a developing country and when a difference in relative factor endowments between a developed and a developing countries shrinks. To promote understanding of the conclusions of the model, the paper also uses actual trade data between Japan and Indonesia and between Japan and Korea.
Author: Sayuri Shirai Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
This paper provides a theoretical model to address the issue of how industrialization affects the structure of international trade. Considering both horizontal and vertical product differentiation, the model shows that intra-industry trade increases when product quality improvement emerges in a developing country and when a difference in relative factor endowments between a developed and a developing countries shrinks. To promote understanding of the conclusions of the model, the paper also uses actual trade data between Japan and Indonesia and between Japan and Korea.
Author: Hugh Chisholm Publisher: ISBN: Category : Encyclopedias and dictionaries Languages : en Pages : 1090
Book Description
This eleventh edition was developed during the encyclopaedia's transition from a British to an American publication. Some of its articles were written by the best-known scholars of the time and it is considered to be a landmark encyclopaedia for scholarship and literary style.
Author: Klaus Schwab Publisher: Currency ISBN: 1524758876 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolution, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wearable sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manufacturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individuals. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frameworks that advance progress.
Author: Pitou van Dijck Publisher: NUS Press ISBN: 9789971691127 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
This study describes and analyses in depth the transformation taking place in world manufacturing industry and its impact on the economies of newly industrialising countries. In Part One, the causes and characteristics of export-oriented industrialisation are studied, often using world-wide cross-country analyses. Trade policies and export strategies underlying such industrialisation processes get much attention. Part Two mainly deals with the domestic preconditions for and consequences of export-oriented manufacturing production, on the basis of detailed case studies of seven East and South-East Asian countries.
Author: Robert H. Ballance Publisher: Totowa, N.J. : Allanheld, Osmun Publishers ISBN: Category : Business Languages : en Pages : 346
Book Description
Monograph on the impact of trade on industrialization and industrial development in developing countries - discusses international division of labour trends, import substitution and export promotion trade policies and developed country industrial growth experiences, the impact of protectionism, role of multinational enterprises and public enterprises and Joint Venture possibilities, etc., and includes industrial policy suggestions in the context of changes in world industrial structure. Graphs, references and statistical tables.
Author: Anthony Venables Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
June 1997 A new approach to analyzing the role of trade in promoting industrial development. How do different trading arrangements influence the industrialization process of developing countries? Can preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) be superior to multilateral liberalization, or at least an alternative when multilateral liberalization proceeds slowly? If so, what form should the PTAs take? Are developing countries better advised to seek PTAs with industrial countries or among themselves? Traditional analysis of these issues has been based on the ideas of trade creation and trade diversion. The problem with this analysis is that it starts from assuming a pattern of comparative advantage. This stands in sharp contrast to the apparently changing comparative advantage of newly industrialized countries. The experience of these countries suggests the need for an analysis in which the pattern of comparative advantage is not set in stone but is potentially flexible, and in which less developed countries can develop and converge in both income and economic structure to industrial economies. Puga and Venables outline an alternative approach for analyzing the role of trade in promoting industrial development. There are few fundamental differences between countries that generate immutable patterns of comparative advantage. Instead the pattern of trade and development in the world economy is determined mainly by history. Cumulative causation has created concentrations of industrial activity in particular locations (industrial countries) and left other areas more dependent on primary activities. Economic development can be thought of as the spread of these concentrations from country to country. Different trading arrangements may have a major impact on this development process. By changing the attractiveness of countries as a base for manufacturing production they can potentially trigger or postpone industrial development. This approach explains why firms are reluctant to move to economies that have lower wages and labor costs, and shows how trade liberalization can change the incentives to become established in developing countries. It provides a mechanism through which import liberalization can have a powerful effect in promoting industrialization. And it suggests that import liberalization may create or amplify differences between liberalizing countries with the possible political tensions this may create. While these features are consistent with the world economy, they fall short of providing convincing empirical support for the approach. Using the approach, the authors derive a number of conclusions about the effects of trade liberalization. First, that unilaterally liberalizing imports of manufactures can promote development of the local manufacturing industry. The mechanism is forward linkages from imported intermediates, but this may be interpreted as part of a wider package of linkages coming from these imports. Second, the gains from liberalization through PTA membership are likely to exceed those obtained from unilateral action. South-South PTAs will be sensitive to the market size of member states, and North-South PTAs seem to offer better prospects for participating Southern economies, if not for North and excluded countries. Third, the effects of particular schemes (such as the division of benefits between Southern economies) will depend on the characteristics of the countries and cross-country differences in these characteristics. This paper-a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department-was prepared for the research project on regional integration.
Author: Sayuri Shirai
Author: Sayuri Shirai
Author: Sayuri Shirai
Author: Fondo Monetario Internacional
Author: Hugh Chisholm
Author: Klaus Schwab
Author: Pitou van Dijck
Author: Robert H. Ballance
Author: Steven Joshua Warnecke
Author: Motoshige Itoh
Author: Anthony Venables