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Author: Matthew R. McTernan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Body temperature Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
Rapid climatic change is expected to pose extreme ecological and physiological challenges on many ectothermic vertebrates. Some ectothermic species are notable, however, for inhabiting wide geographic ranges and variety of climate zones. Studying how exemplars among ectotherms can behaviorally and physiologically accommodate differing temperature ranges should provide useful mechanistic perspectives on climate change challenges for less accomplished ectotherms. The western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) is one such exemplar, ranging from southern California to northern Washington. In Washington State, a single subspecies of this lizard occupies strongly contrasting climate zones. Thus, the focus of this thesis was to determine how this subspecies uses behavior and physiology to successfully inhabit these very different habitats within these climate zones. I chose to study Sceloporus occidentalis populations from the Sondino Ponds Unit in the Columbia River Gorge ("CRG"; mean max air = 38.9°C), Goat Wall in the North Cascades ("GW"; mean max air = 33°C), and along the coastal shores of the Salish Sea just north of Marysville ("CS"; mean max air = 27.7°C). In summer 2015 and 2016, to compare thermoregulatory capacity in the field among lizards at each of these contrasting climate zones, I measured field-active body temperatures (field-active Tb) of lizards immediately upon capture. To determine whether lizards may have needed to accept field-active Tb that were suboptimal -- presumably due to suboptimal thermal conditions -- I compared the distribution of a) field-active Tb among the three locales, and b) field-active Tb with preferred v body temperatures of alert-and-active lizards in the lab (lab Tb) where they were free to select precise body temperatures in a thermal gradient. To test for presence of temperature-dependent physiological differences among the three populations of lizards, I used a flow-through respirometry system in lab to measure whole-animal resting metabolic rates (RMR) -- lizards with digesting and assimilating food in their guts -- at three ecologically and physiologically relevant body temperatures (20°C, 28°C, and 36°C), as well as standard metabolic rates (SMR) -- lizards that were fasted and empty of foodstuff -- at 28°C Tb. Lizards at the warmest locale, CRG, had significantly higher field-active Tb than those at the cool coastal locale, CS (ANOVA, p=0.05; post hoc, p=0.045), but field-active Tb of lizards at the high-elevation, northern population, GW, were not significantly different from those of lizards at the other two locales. The distribution of field-active Tb of lizards from CRG skewed warmer than lab Tb (t-tests comparing upper quartile, p
Author: Matthew R. McTernan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Body temperature Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
Rapid climatic change is expected to pose extreme ecological and physiological challenges on many ectothermic vertebrates. Some ectothermic species are notable, however, for inhabiting wide geographic ranges and variety of climate zones. Studying how exemplars among ectotherms can behaviorally and physiologically accommodate differing temperature ranges should provide useful mechanistic perspectives on climate change challenges for less accomplished ectotherms. The western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) is one such exemplar, ranging from southern California to northern Washington. In Washington State, a single subspecies of this lizard occupies strongly contrasting climate zones. Thus, the focus of this thesis was to determine how this subspecies uses behavior and physiology to successfully inhabit these very different habitats within these climate zones. I chose to study Sceloporus occidentalis populations from the Sondino Ponds Unit in the Columbia River Gorge ("CRG"; mean max air = 38.9°C), Goat Wall in the North Cascades ("GW"; mean max air = 33°C), and along the coastal shores of the Salish Sea just north of Marysville ("CS"; mean max air = 27.7°C). In summer 2015 and 2016, to compare thermoregulatory capacity in the field among lizards at each of these contrasting climate zones, I measured field-active body temperatures (field-active Tb) of lizards immediately upon capture. To determine whether lizards may have needed to accept field-active Tb that were suboptimal -- presumably due to suboptimal thermal conditions -- I compared the distribution of a) field-active Tb among the three locales, and b) field-active Tb with preferred v body temperatures of alert-and-active lizards in the lab (lab Tb) where they were free to select precise body temperatures in a thermal gradient. To test for presence of temperature-dependent physiological differences among the three populations of lizards, I used a flow-through respirometry system in lab to measure whole-animal resting metabolic rates (RMR) -- lizards with digesting and assimilating food in their guts -- at three ecologically and physiologically relevant body temperatures (20°C, 28°C, and 36°C), as well as standard metabolic rates (SMR) -- lizards that were fasted and empty of foodstuff -- at 28°C Tb. Lizards at the warmest locale, CRG, had significantly higher field-active Tb than those at the cool coastal locale, CS (ANOVA, p=0.05; post hoc, p=0.045), but field-active Tb of lizards at the high-elevation, northern population, GW, were not significantly different from those of lizards at the other two locales. The distribution of field-active Tb of lizards from CRG skewed warmer than lab Tb (t-tests comparing upper quartile, p
Author: Vincent Bels Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429640722 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 427
Book Description
Key features: Presents a contemporary snapshot of the mechanisms underlying the evolution and adaptation of behavior Explores how genetics, epigenetics, development, and environment shape behavior Discusses a broad range of behavioral repertoires and responses, including those related to thermoregulatory, foraging, predatory, displaying, social and escape strategies. Examines physiological and sensory mechanisms Covers the effects of various aspects of global change on behavior, with chapters that focus on the impacts of climate change on hydroregulatory behavior and behavioral responses to the effects of habitat alteration resulting from human-mediated change and colonization by invasive species. Lizards serve as focal organisms for many of biological questions related to evolution, ecology, physiology, and morphology. They are studied at multiple spatial and temporal scales, from the individual to the community level. This book, authored by expert contributors from around the world, explores behaviors underlying the evolution and adaptation of these organisms. It covers conceptual, empirical, and methodological approaches to the understanding of the role that natural and sexual selection play in molding the behavioral traits of lizards. This thorough, illustrated reference should stimulate discussion of the conceptual and methodological approaches for studying the behavioral traits of these fascinating and highly diverse vertebrates.
Author: Denis Vieira de Andrade Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1315356198 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 372
Book Description
Despite their diversity, amphibians and reptiles share many physiological traits, such as their dependence on external heat sources for body temperature regulation, that are of pivotal importance to their ability to cope with the environment. Considerable variation in physiological capabilities exists in these groups and often can be related to seasonal and geographic differences in environmental parameters. This book provides a comprehensive and integrative view of the interplay between physiology and behavior in amphibians and reptiles, leading to a better understanding of the subject. The book covers topics that have recently been in the spotlight for scientific research on the physiology, behavior, and conservation of amphibians and reptiles. It brings together recent information from a range of disciplines that address critical topics for understanding their biology. As these studies are scattered across articles in specialized journals, this book provides a single and expanded source summarizing such advancements. Amphibian and Reptile Adaptations to the Environment: Interplay Between Physiology and Behavior maintains a solid scientific basis for the biological topics covered. However, it presents the material in a clear and direct manner so that it is accessible even to non-biologists interested in the basic biology, behavior, and ecology of these animals as well as how these elements are connected to their conservation.
Author: Tyler Goerge Publisher: ISBN: Category : Lizards Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Climate change is creating novel thermal environments worldwide. The alteration of thermal niches is especially challenging for ectotherms due to their reliance on body temperature for nearly all aspects of organismal performance. Characterizing the relationships between performance and temperature is therefore critical in predicting how ectotherm species and populations will persist in rapidly changing and challenging environments. To do so, scientists often characterize thermal traits with respect to aspects of physiological performance. In challenging environments, organisms will use behavioral adjustments to either enhance heating or avoid overheating. Behavior also influences many critical aspects of ecology and ultimately fitness. However, despite its ecological relevance and underlying physiological basis, behavior has largely been ignored in analyses pertaining to altered thermal niches. This dissertation explores multiple relationships between temperature and behavior in the ornate tree lizard, Urosaurus ornatus. As different species cope with novel thermal environments, elucidating the nature of these relationships will provide insight into how species may navigate altered thermal niches from both behavioral and physiological perspectives. First, I investigate the thermal sensitivity of push-up display rate, a social communication behavior utilized by U. ornatus. Display rate is influenced by an interaction between body temperature and microhabitat use, where body temperature influences display rate in different directions and magnitudes depending on the microhabitat from which the lizard displays from. Second, I quantify how thermoregulatory behavior is influenced by the presence of conspecifics. Social interactions with individuals of multiple sexes and color morphs result in individual lizards adjusting their selected body temperatures to varying degrees. Third, I assess covariation of behavioral and thermal preference traits between color morphs. Dominant male morphs are bolder, more exploratory, and prefer higher body temperatures than subordinate morphs, which helps explain habitat use variation observed between the two groups. Last, I quantify the influence of heat stress on boldness behavior. When lizards undergo a heat hardening response, a cellular mechanism that temporarily increases thermal tolerance in response to unfavorable environmental conditions, they also increase boldness expression, which could influence the adaptive potential of heat hardening as a response to heat stress. Together, this dissertation documents a suite of behavioral traits that mediate how a model species interacts with its environment. Assessing relationships between these phenotypes and temperature provides novel insight into how rising temperatures and altered thermal niches attributed to climate change may influence behavioral expression, social structure, and survival.
Author: Laurie J. Vitt Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 1400863945 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 416
Book Description
In a collection rich in implications for all fields of ecology, leading lizard ecologists demonstrate the utility of the phylogenetic approach in understanding the evolution of morphology, physiology, behavior, and life histories. Lizards, which are valued for their amenability to field experiments, have been the subject of reciprocal transplant experiments and of manipulations of resource availability, habitat structure, population density, and entire sections of food webs. Such experiments are rapidly rebuilding ecological theories as they apply to all organisms. As a demonstration of state-of-the-art historical and experimental research and as a call for philosophical engagement, this volume will join its predecessors--Lizard Ecology: A Symposium (Missouri, 1967) and Lizard Ecology: Studies of a Model Organism (Harvard, 1983)--in directing ecological research for years to come. Lizard Ecology contains essays on reproductive ecology (Arthur E. Dunham, Lin Schwarzkopf, Peter H. Niewiarowski, Karen Overall, and Barry Sinervo), behavioral ecology (A. Stanley Rand, William E. Cooper, Jr., Emülia P. Martins, Craig Guyer, and C. Michael Bull), evolutionary ecology (Raymond B. Huey, Jean Clobert et al., Donald B. Miles, and Theodore Garland, Jr.), and population and community ecology (Ted Case, Robin M. Andrews and S. Joseph Wright, Craig D. James, and Jonathan B. Losos). Originally published in 1994. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Author: Mariana Morando Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030427528 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
This book presents a critical and integrated review of lizards from Patagonia. It summarizes the region’s geomorphological history and climatic aspects, which makes it possible to interpret, from an evolutionary perspective, the latest findings on the various natural history aspects of its lizard fauna. As such, the book will appeal to all researchers and professionals specialized in lizard ecology and evolution.
Author: William I. Lutterschmidt Publisher: ISBN: 9781628086201 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Reptiles demonstrate remarkable diversity across the landscape. From inland habitats of deserts and grasslands to coastal plains and oceans, the unique adaptations and life histories of reptiles have been shaped by a suite of abiotic and biotic factors. It is the interface between the organism and its environment that present biologists with the opportunity to explore how reptiles behaviorally and physiologically respond to their environments and to determine what factors govern their ecology. "Reptiles in Research: Investigations of Ecology, Physiology, and Behavior from Desert to Sea" will capture the interests of all readers with a text that is foundational for the novice herpetologist, while informative for beginning students and seasoned research scientists. This book offers its readers a glimpse into the passions of scientists who find reptiles fascinating creatures of study. You will see how reptiles serve as organismal models that continue to advance our knowledge and understanding of complex biological processes and systems. Dr. William I. Lutterschmidt (Professor of Physiological Ecology) has invited top researchers from around the world to share their personal research interests and illustrate how environment influences the ecology, physiology, and behavior of reptiles. This book will introduce a diversity of research fields and reptilian species, from how web-footed geckos move in desert sands to how sea snakes cope physiologically with high salinity. Topics include invasive species, urban ecology, mathematical simulation, sexual selection, hybridization and gene flow, chemical ecology, neurobiology, spatial ecology, conservation biology, biodiversity, immunology, and molecular biology.
Author: T. S. Kemp Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0198806418 Category : Reptiles Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
From dinosaurs to lizards, snakes, and turtles, Tom Kemp considers the range of reptiles which have walked our Earth. Exploring how evolutionary adaptions have fitted them to their individual niches, he discusses their biology, such as cold bloodedness and feeding habits, and analyses why reptiles have been so successful throughout history.
Author: Matthew R. McTernan
Author: Matthew R. McTernan
Author: Vincent Bels
Author: Denis Vieira de Andrade
Author: Tyler Goerge
Author: Laurie J. Vitt
Author: Horatio Hackett Newman
Author: Neil Greenberg
Author: Mariana Morando
Author: William I. Lutterschmidt
Author: T. S. Kemp