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Author: John Milton Asprilla Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This research is about how people adapt to water scarcity. Field experiments were carried out in a region exposed to severe water scarcity in Colombia. Willingness of water users to cooperate in conforming to extraction caps as a means of adapting to water availability declination was calculated. Quantity and Time treatment groups were organized to assess water allocation decisions. The sustainability of water resources demands more research in order to further understand cooperative behavior. Since the literature on water scarcity is classified in three orders, namely physical, institutional and socio-political, behavioral dimensions are suggested as a subdivision of the social order. The quantitative results suggest that people are inclined to follow the cap. The main difference between the quantity and time treatments refers that in the latter people allocate much more water to be consumed in the future, whereas in the former, they prefer to allocate more water to be consumed in the present. Adaptation options have favorable implications in pursuing SDG 6, which is related to water use efficiency. Yet, ever since success in water conservation programs might be difficult due to complexity in human-decision making, more research is needed to deepen understanding of cooperation drivers in aquifer conservation.
Author: John Milton Asprilla Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This research is about how people adapt to water scarcity. Field experiments were carried out in a region exposed to severe water scarcity in Colombia. Willingness of water users to cooperate in conforming to extraction caps as a means of adapting to water availability declination was calculated. Quantity and Time treatment groups were organized to assess water allocation decisions. The sustainability of water resources demands more research in order to further understand cooperative behavior. Since the literature on water scarcity is classified in three orders, namely physical, institutional and socio-political, behavioral dimensions are suggested as a subdivision of the social order. The quantitative results suggest that people are inclined to follow the cap. The main difference between the quantity and time treatments refers that in the latter people allocate much more water to be consumed in the future, whereas in the former, they prefer to allocate more water to be consumed in the present. Adaptation options have favorable implications in pursuing SDG 6, which is related to water use efficiency. Yet, ever since success in water conservation programs might be difficult due to complexity in human-decision making, more research is needed to deepen understanding of cooperation drivers in aquifer conservation.
Author: John Milton Asprilla Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This research presents empirical evidence on what drives and inhibits cooperative behavior in groundwater management adaptive to climate change. Given vital character of water, its availability should not be only an explanatory variable in adaptation; but an issue subject to socio-physical explanations on how farmers adapt to declining water stocks. Instead of studying if farmers relying on groundwater adapt to status quo or projected climate conditions, a step forward is suggested in order to connect adaptation with sustainability. Water extraction caps compliance were used to test cooperation. Limits to aquifer withdrawals are operationalized via remaining time and quantities of water. Quantitative data were drawn from 668 experimental rounds, in framed field experiments implemented in dry regions in ten communities exposed to climate variability in Colombia. Empirical results suggest that socio-physical setting better explain the adoption of cooperative decisions. Intertemporal preferences on water allocations and physical variables have dissimilar marginal effects on cooperation. The deeper the water well is, the less the probabilities to cooperate in water conservation. Notwithstanding, the effect is dissimilar according to the remaining time for exhaustion of aquifer systems. Marginal effect is a step forward from using averages for water planning. If a groundwater management plan is put in place, the marginal characteristics of well-depths and residual time of aquifer existence, has implications for the successfulness of management strategies, which in turn have implications for long-term plans of water use efficiency as stated in Sustainable Development Goals.
Author: Emily Burchfield Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
Drought and water scarcity are growing challenges to agriculture around the world. Farmers can adapt through both individual and community-based collective actions. We draw on extensive field-work conducted with paddy farmers in rural Sri Lanka to study adaptations to water scarcity, including switching to less water-intensive crops, farming collectively on shared land, and individually turning to groundwater by digging wells. We explore how variability in climate affects agricultural decision-making at the community and individual levels using three types of decision-making, each characterized by an objective function: risk-averse expected utility, regret-adjusted expected utility, and prospect theory loss-aversion. We also assess how the introduction of individualized access to irrigation water with wells affects community-based drought mitigation practices. Preliminary results suggest that the growth of well-irrigation may produce sudden disruptions to community-based adaptations, but that this depends on the mental models farmers use to think about risk and make decisions under uncertainty.
Author: Jean-Marc Faurès Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) ISBN: 9789251073049 Category : Food security Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The report aims to provide a conceptual framework to address food security under conditions of water scarcity in agriculture. It has been prepared by a team of FAO staff and consultants in the framework of the project "Coping with water scarcity - the role of agriculture", and has been discussed at an Expert Consultation meeting organized in FAO, Rome, during the period 14-16 December 2009 on the same subject. It was subsequently edited and revised, taking account of discussions in the Expert Consultation and materials presented to the meeting. The purpose of the Expert Consultation was to assist FAO to better design its water scarcity programme. In particular, the experts were requested to provide recommendations on the range of technical and policy options and associated principles that FAO should promote as part of an agricultural response to water scarcity in member countries. The document offers views on the conceptual framework on which FAO's water scarcity programme should be based, proposes a set of definitions associated with the concept of water scarcity, and indicates the main principles on which FAO should base its action in support to its member countries. At the meeting, experts were requested to review the draft document and provide feedback and recommendations for its finalization. Issues that were addressed in discussions included: 3⁄4 Water scarcity: agreement on key definitions. 3⁄4 The conceptualisation of water scarcity in ways that are meaningful for policy development and decision-making. 3⁄4 The quantification of water scarcity. . 3⁄4 Policy and technical response options available to ensure food security in conditions of water scarcity. . 3⁄4 Criteria and principles that should be used to establish priorities for action in response to water scarcity in agriculture and ensure effective and efficient water scarcity coping strategies.
Author: Vasileios A. Tzanakakis Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039433067 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
This Book includes selected papers that has been published in the Water journal Special Issue (SI) on Water Supply and Water Scarcity. Moreover, an overview of the SI is included. The papers selected for publication in the SI include review and research papers on water history, on water management issues under water scarcity regimes, on rainwater harvesting, on water quality and degradation, and on climatic variability impacts on water resources. Overall, the issue identify and highlight the main challenges in water sector, and particularly in management and protection of water resources and in use of alternative (non-conventional) water resources, especially in areas with demographic change and climate vulnerability in order to achieve sustainable and secure water supply. Furthermore, general guidelines and possible solutions for an improved and sophisticated water management system are proposed and discussed, such as the adoption of advanced technological solutions and practices that improve water-use efficiency and the use of alternative water resources, to address the growing environmental and health issues and to reduce the emerging conflicts among water users.
Author: Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821361610 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
Agricultural water management is a vital practice in ensuring reduction, and environmental protection. After decades of successfully expanding irrigation and improving productivity, farmers and managers face an emerging crisis in the form of poorly performing irrigation schemes, slow modernization, declining investment, constrained water availability, and environmental degradation. More and better investments in agricultural water are needed. In response, the World Bank, in conjunction with many partner agencies, has compiled a selection of good experiences that can guide practitioners in the design of quality investments in agricultural water. The messages of 'Shaping the Future of Water for Agriculture: A Sourcebook for Investment in Agricultural Water Management' center around the key challenges to agricultural water management, specifically: - Building policies and incentives - Designing institutional reforms - Investing in irrigation systems improvement and modernization - Investing in groundwater irrigation - Investing in drainage and water quality management - Investing in water management in rainfed agriculture - Investing in agricultural water management in multipurpose operations - Coping with extreme climatic conditions - Assessing the social, economic, and environmental impacts of agricultural water investments 'Shaping the Future of Water for Agriculture' is an important resource for those interested and engaged in development with a focus on agricultural water.
Author: Erik Swyngedouw Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191543799 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
Taking as his case-study the city of Guayaquil in Ecuador, where 600,000 people lack easy access to potable water, Erik Swyngedouw aims to reconstruct, theoretically and empirically, the political, social, and economic conduits through which water flows, and to identify how power relations infuse the metabolic transformation of water as it becomes urban. These flows of water which are simultaneously physical and social carry in their currents the embodiment of myriad social struggles and conflicts. The excavation of these flows narrates stories about the city's structure and development. Yet these flows also carry the potential for an improved, more just, and more equitable right to the city and its water. The flows of power that are captured by urban water circulation also suggest that the question of urban sustainability is not just about achieving sound ecological and environmental conditions, but first and foremost about a social struggle for access and control; a struggle not just for the right to water, but for the right to the city itself.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 926416765X Category : Languages : en Pages : 87
Book Description
This study examines the broad range of factors driving farm management decisions that can improve the environment, including drawing on the experiences of OECD countries.
Author: John Milton Asprilla
Author: John Milton Asprilla
Author: John Milton Asprilla
Author: Emily Burchfield
Author: Jean-Marc Faurès
Author: Vasileios A. Tzanakakis
Author: 
Author: Erik Swyngedouw
Author: OECD
Author: Elinor Ostrom
Author: Elizabeth Marshall