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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In this paper we review the major accomplishments made during the IMS period in clarifying magnetospheric particle variations in the region from roughly geostationary orbit altitudes into the deep magnetotail. We divide our review into three topic areas: (1) acceleration processes; (2) transport processes; and (3) loss processes. Many of the changes in hot plasmas and energetic particle populations are often found to be related intimately to geomagnetic storm and magnetospheric substorm effects and, therefore, substantial emphasis is given to these aspects of particle variations in this review. The IMS data, taken as a body, allow a reasonably unified view as one traces magnetospheric particles from their acceleration source through the plasma sheet and outer trapping regions and, finally, to their loss via ionospheric precipitation and ring current formation processes. It is this underlying, unifying theme which is pursued here. 52 references, 19 figures.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In this paper we review the major accomplishments made during the IMS period in clarifying magnetospheric particle variations in the region from roughly geostationary orbit altitudes into the deep magnetotail. We divide our review into three topic areas: (1) acceleration processes; (2) transport processes; and (3) loss processes. Many of the changes in hot plasmas and energetic particle populations are often found to be related intimately to geomagnetic storm and magnetospheric substorm effects and, therefore, substantial emphasis is given to these aspects of particle variations in this review. The IMS data, taken as a body, allow a reasonably unified view as one traces magnetospheric particles from their acceleration source through the plasma sheet and outer trapping regions and, finally, to their loss via ionospheric precipitation and ring current formation processes. It is this underlying, unifying theme which is pursued here. 52 references, 19 figures.
Author: Kyungguk Min Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
The Earth magnetosphere contains energetic particles undergoing specific motions around Earth's magnetic field, and interacting with a variety of waves. The dynamics of energetic particles are often described in terms of three kinds of adiabatic invariants. Energetic electrons are often unstable to the whistler-mode chorus waves, and ions, to the electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) instability. These waves play an important role in the dynamics of the magnetosphere by energizing electrons to form a radiation belt, extracting energy from the hot, anisotropic ions and causing pitch angle scattering of energetic ions and relativistic electrons into the loss cone. EMIC waves correspond to the highest frequency waves in the ultra-low frequency (ULF) spectral regime, and field line resonances at the lower frequency may serve as diagnostics for the plasma distribution in the magnetosphere. This dissertation investigates (1) a rapid, efficient way of specifying particle's adiabatic motion in the magnetosphere, (2) source of the whistler-mode chorus waves, (3) physical properties and coherent spatial dimensions of the EMIC waves and (4) a diagnostic use of the toroidal mode Alfvén waves on the plasma density distribution in the Earth magnetosphere. The studies presented in this dissertation have significantly been benefited from the comprehensive data obtained by several space missions, including the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft, Cluster mission, the Geostationary Operational Environment Satellites (GOES), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) satellites, the Polar spacecraft and the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers (AMPTE)/Charge Composition Explorer (CCE), and from ground-based Automatic Geophysical Observatories (AGO). The main findings and achievements in this dissertation are as follows: (1) A method of rapidly and efficiently computing the magnetic drift invariant (L*) was developed. This new method is not only fast enough for near real-time calculation of L*, enabling spacecraft tracking in this coordinates, but scalable to a large number of L* values that are often required for inter-comparison between simulation results and observations. (2) The relationship between the electron injection and the chorus waves was studied from the simultaneous observations of a substorm event on 23 March 2007 made in space and on ground. Timing analysis and a test particle simulation indicated that the electrons injected during the substorm could form a pitch-angle distribution suitable for the whistler-mode instability when they arrive near the dawn-side magnetopause. (3) The EMIC waves are found to occur ubiquitously throughout the outer magnetosphere and their properties distribute asymmetrically in local time. The asymmetry in the wave properties seems to be correlated with the electron density distribution and ion temperature anisotropy, as supported by a linear EMIC instability model. (4) The size of coherent activity of the EMIC waves was estimated using the multi-spacecraft observations made by the THEMIS spacecraft and cross correlation analysis. It is found that the characteristic dimension in the direction transverse to the local magnetic field is 2-3 times the local EMIC wavelength. (5) The global distribution of the equatorial mass density was derived from the toroidal mode standing Alfvén waves in an unprecedented spatial scale. The equatorial mass density is distributed asymmetrically with a bulge at the dusk sector and the magnitude falls logarithmically with increasing radial distance. It is confirmed that the variation in the derived mass density is only weakly related to the geomagnetic activity, but has strong correlation with the solar activity. The major contribution of this dissertation is the extension of the scope of previous understanding of various plasma wave properties and energetic particle dynamics in the inner magnetosphere to outer magnetosphere by new, in-depth analyses of the data from the THEMIS, GOES and AMPTE/CCE missions.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309313953 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 37
Book Description
In 2010, NASA and the National Science Foundation asked the National Research Council to assemble a committee of experts to develop an integrated national strategy that would guide agency investments in solar and space physics for the years 2013-2022. That strategy, the result of nearly 2 years of effort by the survey committee, which worked with more than 100 scientists and engineers on eight supporting study panels, is presented in the 2013 publication, Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. This booklet, designed to be accessible to a broader audience of policymakers and the interested public, summarizes the content of that report.
Author: Lucy-Ann McFadden Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080474985 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 987
Book Description
Long before Galileo published his discoveries about Jupiter, lunar craters, and the Milky Way in the Starry Messenger in 1610, people were fascinated with the planets and stars around them. That interest continues today, and scientists are making new discoveries at an astounding rate. Ancient lake beds on Mars, robotic spacecraft missions, and new definitions of planets now dominate the news. How can you take it all in? Start with the new Encyclopedia of the Solar System, Second Edition.This self-contained reference follows the trail blazed by the bestselling first edition. It provides a framework for understanding the origin and evolution of the solar system, historical discoveries, and details about planetary bodies and how they interact—and has jumped light years ahead in terms of new information and visual impact. Offering more than 50% new material, the Encyclopedia includes the latest explorations and observations, hundreds of new color digital images and illustrations, and more than 1,000 pages. It stands alone as the definitive work in this field, and will serve as a modern messenger of scientific discovery and provide a look into the future of our solar system.· Forty-seven chapters from 75+ eminent authors review fundamental topics as well as new models, theories, and discussions· Each entry is detailed and scientifically rigorous, yet accessible to undergraduate students and amateur astronomers· More than 700 full-color digital images and diagrams from current space missions and observatories amplify the chapters· Thematic chapters provide up-to-date coverage, including a discussion on the new International Astronomical Union (IAU) vote on the definition of a planet· Information is easily accessible with numerous cross-references and a full glossary and index
Author: Romain Maggiolo Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119507529 Category : Science Languages : de Pages : 61
Book Description
An overview of current knowledge and future research directions in magnetospheric physics In the six decades since the term 'magnetosphere' was first introduced, much has been theorized and discovered about the magnetized space surrounding each of the bodies in our solar system. Each magnetosphere is unique yet behaves according to universal physical processes. Magnetospheres in the Solar System brings together contributions from experimentalists, theoreticians, and numerical modelers to present an overview of diverse magnetospheres, from the mini-magnetospheres of Mercury to the giant planetary magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. Volume highlights include: Concise history of magnetospheres, basic principles, and equations Overview of the fundamental processes that govern magnetospheric physics Tools and techniques used to investigate magnetospheric processes Special focus on Earth’s magnetosphere and its dynamics Coverage of planetary magnetic fields and magnetospheres throughout the solar system Identification of future research directions in magnetospheric physics The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief
Author: Bengit Hultqvist Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461344379 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 372
Book Description
Nobel Symposium No. 30 on the Physics of the Hot Plasma in the Magnetosphere was held at Kiruna Geophysical Institute, Kiruna, Sweden from April 2-4, 1975. Some 40 leading experts from America, USSR, and Western Europe attended the Symposium. The purpose of the meeting was to review and discuss the physics of the hot plasma in the magnetosphere with special empha sis on unsolved problems on which attention needs to be focused during the International Magnetospheric Study 1976-1978. The field is very extensive and complete coverage of all aspects was of course not possible. The radiation belts proper were, for instance, not covered. There were no formal contributed papers, but much time was devoted to discussion. These proceedings contain all review papers except the one by R.Z. Sagdeev. They are ordered by subject, starting, after the introductory lecture, with the problem of how the plasma enters the magnetosphere and ending with the question of the interaction with the ionosphere. The Organizing Committee for the symposium was composed of the following Swedish scientists: E.-A. Brunberg, C.G. Fa1thammar, I. Hu1then, B. Hu1tqvist (chairman), L. Stenf10, and H. Wilhe1msson. The Symposium was financed by the Nobel Foundation through grants from the Tercentenary Foundation of the Bank of Sweden, by the Swedish Board for Space Activities, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which is gratefully acknowledged. Appreciated contributions "in natura" were also received from the town of Kiruna and the LKAB Company.
Author: Brian M. Walsh Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 396
Book Description
Abstract: The Earth's magnetic cusps are the regions with the most direct transfer of energy, mass, and momentum from the flowing solar wind to the Earth's magnetosphere. Spacecraft observations in the cusp have revealed a high energy component to the thermal particle distribution. This has raised the question as to whether significant plasma heating may also be occurring in this region. Since the cusp is magnetically connected to a number of other regions in geospace, plasma heating in this region could be a significant contributor to magnetospheric dynamics. The goal of this thesis is to answer the question, what is the source of the energetic particle population in the cusp? Since the initial observations measuring the energetic component were made, the source of the energetic population has been open to conjecture. A number of sources have been proposed: (1) the terrestrial bow shock, (2) the Earth's high-latitude trapping region, and (3) heating of plasma locally in the cusp. Depending on which source is the dominant provider of the energetic particles, the particle population will exhibit different properties. Particle flow direction, intensity, spectral characteristics, and species/charge state are all properties that can change depending on the dominant source. In-situ measurements by the ISEE, Polar, and Cluster spacecraft are used to derive the particle properties. These properties are compared with predictions for each of the proposed sources to determine which is most consistent with the observations. Case studies show that, under different conditions, the high-latitude trapping region and local heating can both be the dominant source of the energetic particle population up to energies of hundreds of keV. Results from a large scale statistical study, however, are more consistent with local heating indicating that this is the dominant source the majority of the time.
Author: A.D.M. Walker Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781420034004 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1168
Book Description
Solar-terrestrial physics deals with phenomena in the region of space between the surface of the Sun and the upper atmosphere of the Earth, a region dominated by matter in a plasma state. This area of physics describes processes that generate the solar wind, the physics of geospace and the Earth's magnetosphere, and the interaction of magnetospheri
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Author: Kyungguk Min
Author: National Research Council
Author: J. Lemaire
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Author: Lucy-Ann McFadden
Author: Romain Maggiolo
Author: Bengit Hultqvist
Author: Brian M. Walsh
Author: A.D.M. Walker