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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
DIII-D--Three of the seven existing core Thomson scattering laser beams were redirected to probe the previously unmeasured central region of the DIII-D plasma. Modifications to the existing collection optics system and support tower were made to inject the lasers and collect scattered light in this new extended region. Stray light levels were reduced to acceptable levels to permit Rayleigh scattering calibration on five of the six new channels, indicating that the new in-vessel dump operates well. Measurements of the plasma temperature and density from the plasma edge to the center are now possible. Peaked density profiles are now observed in this new measurement region. SSPX--We have completed the design and installation of a 10-spatial channel Thomson scattering system to measure the plasma temperature and density profile on SSPX. A single-pulsed YAG laser operating at 0.7 J and 8 ns is used to scatter photons into a 7-element collection optic that provides a spatial resolution of 1.5 cm at the outer plasma edge and 7.5 cm at the inner edge of a .5 m radius spheromak plasma. The collected light is then analyzed by a 4-channel interference filtered polychromator which has been optimized to measure temperatures between 2 eV and 2 keV and densities as low as 1 x 1012 cm3. We use an in-vessel beam dump and a series of entrance and exit baffles to reduce the stray laser light and provide for an absolute density calibration by Rayleigh scattering in argon gas.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
DIII-D--Three of the seven existing core Thomson scattering laser beams were redirected to probe the previously unmeasured central region of the DIII-D plasma. Modifications to the existing collection optics system and support tower were made to inject the lasers and collect scattered light in this new extended region. Stray light levels were reduced to acceptable levels to permit Rayleigh scattering calibration on five of the six new channels, indicating that the new in-vessel dump operates well. Measurements of the plasma temperature and density from the plasma edge to the center are now possible. Peaked density profiles are now observed in this new measurement region. SSPX--We have completed the design and installation of a 10-spatial channel Thomson scattering system to measure the plasma temperature and density profile on SSPX. A single-pulsed YAG laser operating at 0.7 J and 8 ns is used to scatter photons into a 7-element collection optic that provides a spatial resolution of 1.5 cm at the outer plasma edge and 7.5 cm at the inner edge of a .5 m radius spheromak plasma. The collected light is then analyzed by a 4-channel interference filtered polychromator which has been optimized to measure temperatures between 2 eV and 2 keV and densities as low as 1 x 1012 cm3. We use an in-vessel beam dump and a series of entrance and exit baffles to reduce the stray laser light and provide for an absolute density calibration by Rayleigh scattering in argon gas.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
The existing 36 channel Thomson scattering system on the DIII-D tokamak measures the plasma temperature and density in the core region. However, with the recent interest in core peaked density profiles, coverage needs to be extended into the magnetic axis. This paper addresses the technical issues involved with extending the viewing region from a major radius of 194 cm to 165 cm. At least one of the existing seven core laser beams will be rerouted to probe the plasma horizontally instead of vertically. To do this, a rigid extension of the existing laser/collection optics tower will be built to route the laser to a nearby tangential port. A fiber bundle array from one of the two existing core plasma collection optics sets will be rotated to allow up to 10 of the 36 core channels to view along this new beam path. A new in-vessel absorbing glass laser dump must be developed since there are no appropriate laser beam exit ports. The close proximity of this laser dump to the viewing region presents stray light issues that must be resolved to allow for an accurate density calibration using Rayleigh scattering in argon gas.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
This paper describes the design and operation of a 40 spatial channel Thomson scattering system that uses multiple 20 Hz Nd:YAG lasers to measure the electron temperature and density profiles periodically throughout an entire plasma discharge. As many as eight lasers may be fired alternately for an average measurement frequency of 160 Hz, or they may be fired in rapid succession (
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
The DIII-D Thomson scattering diagnostic, operational since 1990, uses 8 Nd: YAG 20 Hz lasers to measure electron temperature and density profiles (40 spatial points) throughout the plasma discharge. Recent progress has enabled a new set of operating modes to better fullfill varying plasma physics requirements. Custom circuitry for laser control (programmable with los precision) has successfully replaced a previous scheme which used real-time 68030 software. Two new modes of operation have been demonstrated. Burst Mode is useful to study a transient plasma event: a series of laser pulses axe fired at a rate (less-than or equal to)10 kHz after an external asynchronous event trigger. Burst Mode is also useful to synchronize the Thomson lasers with other systems, such as an asynchronous Michelson ECE diagnostic scanning near 40 Hz. Group Mode allows a programmed set of lasers to fire simultaneously into the same (65 nanosecond) data acquisition gate. Improved signal/noise then yields smaller statistical errors in the profile results. This provides profile data for lower density plasmas, such as those anticipated during fast wave current drive experiments. Plans for a new CCD-based laser alignment system for position monitoring and feedback control will also be presented.
Author: L. J. Reinders Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030643441 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 628
Book Description
This carefully researched book presents facts and arguments showing, beyond a doubt, that nuclear fusion power will not be technically feasible in time to satisfy the world's urgent need for climate-neutral energy. The author describes the 70-year history of nuclear fusion; the vain attempts to construct an energy-generating nuclear fusion power reactor, and shows that even in the most optimistic scenario nuclear fusion, in spite of the claims of its proponents, will not be able to make a sizable contribution to the energy mix in this century, whatever the outcome of ITER. This implies that fusion power will not be a factor in combating climate change, and that the race to save the climate with carbon-free energy will have been won or lost long before the first nuclear fusion power station comes on line. Aimed at the general public as well as those whose decisions directly affect energy policy, this book will be a valuable resource for informing future debates.
Author: Philippe Ghendrih Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814644846 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
This book compiles the contributions from various international experts on magnetized plasma physics, both in controlled fusion and in astrophysics, and on atmospheric science. Most recent results are presented along with new ideas. The various facets of rotation and momentum transport in complex systems are discussed, including atmospheric-ocean turbulence, the constraints, and the concept of potential vorticity. The close interplay between flows and magnetohydrodynamics dynamo action, instabilities, turbulence and structure dynamics are the main focus of the book, in the context of astrophysics and magnetic fusion devices like Tokamak, and Reversed Field Pinch. Both physicists and advanced students interested in the field will find the topics as interesting as researchers from other fields who are looking to broaden their perspectives.
Author: Heinz Knoepfel Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1475718896 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 425
Book Description
This book contains the papers presented at the Course on "Tokamak Startup - Problems and Scenarios Related to the Transient Phases of a Thermonuclear Fusion Reactor" which was held in Erice, July 14-20, 1985. The fact that the critical startup and transient phases of a tokamak reactor are now the specific subject of a comprehensive international gathering of fusion specialists seems indicative of the substantial pro gress made in recent years towards attaining controlled ignition of a nuclear fusion fuel, i.e. towards demonstrating the scientific feasibili ty of controlled thermonuclear fusion. In fact, the steady-state burning phase has attracted so far most of the attention of fusion physicists and engineers, as it is conceptually more rewarding, and theoretically easier to handle. However, as for many large engineering systems, - nuclear fis- ... ':1' " . 10 ' ... Entrance to San Rocco's lecturing hall v sion power plants, or aerospace crafts, for example - the major issues of design and operation lie often in the startup, shutdown and power tran sieQt phases, rather than at the full load, or at cruising regimes. In ehoosing the contributions to this 7th Course of Prof. B.
Author: Vasilij A. Glukhikh Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0081024711 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 476
Book Description
Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design is a comprehensive resource on fusion technology and energy systems written by renowned scientists and engineers from the Russian nuclear industry. It brings together a wealth of invaluable experience and knowledge on controlled thermonuclear fusion (CTF) facilities with magnetic plasma confinement – from the first semi-commercial tokamak T-3, to the multi-billion international experimental thermonuclear reactor ITER, now in construction in France. As the INTOR and ITER projects have made an immense contribution in the past few decades, this book focuses on its practical engineering aspects and the basics of technical physics and electrical engineering. Users will gain an understanding of the key ratios between plasma and technical parameters, design streamlining algorithms and engineering solutions. - Written by a team of qualified experts who have been involved in the design of thermonuclear reactors for over 50 years - Outlines the most important features of the ITER project in France which is building the largest tokamak, including the design, material selection, safety and economic considerations - Includes data on how to design magnetic fusion reactors using CAD tools, along with relevant regulatory documents
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Author: L. J. Reinders
Author: Philippe Ghendrih
Author: Heinz Knoepfel
Author: National Research Council
Author: United States. Department of State
Author: Vasilij A. Glukhikh