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Author: Ray Brettle Publisher: Ray Brettle ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 587
Book Description
The original description of AIDS or the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome only appeared in 1981 but it rapidly burst forth onto the world scene. By 1985 when a test for HIV, the cause of AIDS, appeared it was realised that a vast silent epidemic had occurred which is still not under control. It also became apparent that the natural history of HIV was slow by comparison to most infections with a median time from infection to AIDS of around 10 years. Consequently as a new infection to medicine, HIV and AIDS required further study. This thesis has detailed the establishment of an effective HIV medical service in Edinburgh largely composed of injection drug users, the natural history of IDU related HIV, the clinical presentations to date, the effectiveness of the service and lastly the factors predicting heterosexual transmission. This thesis describes the history of Injection Drug Use or IDU and its associated infections including IDU related HIV and the epidemic in Edinburgh. In addition it also describes the clinical services established, the natural history of the disease and heterosexual transmission
Author: Ray Brettle Publisher: Ray Brettle ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 587
Book Description
The original description of AIDS or the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome only appeared in 1981 but it rapidly burst forth onto the world scene. By 1985 when a test for HIV, the cause of AIDS, appeared it was realised that a vast silent epidemic had occurred which is still not under control. It also became apparent that the natural history of HIV was slow by comparison to most infections with a median time from infection to AIDS of around 10 years. Consequently as a new infection to medicine, HIV and AIDS required further study. This thesis has detailed the establishment of an effective HIV medical service in Edinburgh largely composed of injection drug users, the natural history of IDU related HIV, the clinical presentations to date, the effectiveness of the service and lastly the factors predicting heterosexual transmission. This thesis describes the history of Injection Drug Use or IDU and its associated infections including IDU related HIV and the epidemic in Edinburgh. In addition it also describes the clinical services established, the natural history of the disease and heterosexual transmission
Author: Lukas Engelmann Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108425771 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 267
Book Description
Offers an innovative study of visual traditions in modern medical history through debates about the causes, impact and spread of AIDS.
Author: José Catalán Publisher: ISBN: 9781138394551 Category : AIDS (Disease) Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
This book explores the thoroughly human dimension of the health care and prevention responses to the HIV crisis in the UK, and the impact that such initiatives had on the progression of the epidemic. This book presents a compelling account of the unfolding of the epidemic and the initiatives that made all the difference in the care and prevention of HIV in the UK from the early 1980s to the present time. Drawing on interviews with people with HIV, doctors and nurses involved in their care, leaders of AIDS charities, activists, and politicians, it identifies and describes the models of care developed in response to the onset of the HIV epidemic, and its impact on NHS and voluntary organisations. It goes on to explore the political responses, the evolution of HIV stigma, and the personal impact of the early high mortality rates. Finally, it discusses recent organisational changes in the provision of care and prevention services. In doing so, this volume identifies the lessons learnt from the care and prevention of HIV, both in relation to HIV infection and other conditions, such as COVID-19, and discusses future challenges. This book will be of great value to those working in services dealing with HIV, charities, and Clinical Commissioning Groups and GP organisations, as well as social historians and medical sociologists.
Author: Dorothy H. Crawford Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0199641145 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 259
Book Description
Virus Hunt is a tale of scientific endeavour. Tracing the fascinating twenty year quest to find the origin of the virus that causes AIDS, Dorothy H. Crawford takes us on a journey around the world, to recount the vital research that eventually unravelled how, when, and where the virus first infected humans.
Author: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309176212 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
This volume addresses the interface of two major national problems: the epidemic of HIV-AIDS and the widespread use of illegal injection drugs. Should communities have the option of giving drug users sterile needles or bleach for cleaning needs in order to reduce the spread of HIV? Does needle distribution worsen the drug problem, as opponents of such programs argue? Do they reduce the spread of other serious diseases, such as hepatitis? Do they result in more used needles being carelessly discarded in the community? The panel takes a critical look at the available data on needle exchange and bleach distribution programs, reaches conclusions about their efficacy, and offers concrete recommendations for public policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The book includes current knowledge about the epidemiologies of HIV/AIDS and injection drug use; characteristics of needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and views on those programs from diverse community groups; and a discussion of laws designed to control possession of needles, their impact on needle sharing among injection drug users, and their implications for needle exchange programs.
Author: John Strang Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 392
Book Description
The "British System" is known world-wide as a highly effective means of managing heroin addiction. Drs. Strang and Gossop have for many years been actively involved in research into clinical practice. In this book, they present an overview of British drug policy set in the context of international activities, with contributions from key figures in the field, covering both historical and contemporary aspects of the evolving "British System." Several contributors give previously unrecorded accounts of events during critical phases in the evolution of the UK response to illicit drug use, while others outline the critical issues within today's policy reviews.
Author: King K. Holmes Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464805253 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1027
Book Description
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Author: Craig Timberg Publisher: Penguin ISBN: 1101560614 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 539
Book Description
In this groundbreaking narrative, longtime Washington Post reporter Craig Timberg and award-winning AIDS researcher Daniel Halperin tell the surprising story of how Western colonial powers unwittingly sparked the AIDS epidemic and then fanned its rise. Drawing on remarkable new science, Tinderbox overturns the conventional wisdom on the origins of this deadly pandemic and the best ways to fight it today. Recent genetic studies have traced the birth of HIV to the forbidding equatorial forests of Cameroon, where chimpanzees carried the virus for millennia without causing a major outbreak in humans. During the Scramble for Africa, colonial companies blazed new routes through the jungle in search of rubber and other riches, sending African porters into remote regions rarely traveled before. It was here that humans first contracted the strain of HIV that would eventually cause 99 percent of AIDS deaths around the world. Western powers were key actors in turning a localized outbreak into a sprawling epidemic as bustling new trade routes, modern colonial cities, and the rise of prostitution sped the virus across Africa. Christian missionaries campaigned to suppress polygamy, but left in its place fractured sexual cultures that proved uncommonly vulnerable to HIV. Equally devastating was the gradual loss of the African ritual of male circumcision, which recent studies have shown offers significant protection against infection. Timberg and Halperin argue that the same Western hubris that marked the colonial era has hamstrung the effort to fight HIV. From the United Nations AIDS program to the Bush administration's historic relief campaign, global health officials have favored well-meaning Western approaches--abstinence campaigns, condom promotion, HIV testing--that have proven ineffective in slowing the epidemic in Africa. Meanwhile they have overlooked homegrown African initiatives aimed squarely at the behaviors spreading the virus. In a riveting narrative that stretches from colonial Leopoldville to 1980s San Francisco to South Africa today, Tinderbox reveals how human hands unleashed this epidemic and can now overcome it, if only we learn the lessons of the past.
Author: Ray Brettle
Author: Ray Brettle
Author: Lukas Engelmann
Author: José Catalán
Author: Dorothy H. Crawford
Author: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
Author: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Author: John Strang
Author: King K. Holmes
Author: Craig Timberg
Author: Jacques Pépin