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Author: Dong Fang Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811581045 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
This book focuses on histone mutations, especially those mutations closely related to cancer. Genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations contribute to the development of a variety of cancers: recent genetic studies have identified e.g. H3K27M and H3G34R/V mutation in over 75% of DIPG cases, H3.3K36M mutation in more than 90% of chondroblastoma cases, and H3G34W/L mutation in over 90% of giant cell tumors of bone. Given the high incidence and tumorigenesis effects of histone H3 mutations, they are also referred to as oncohistones. This book highlights the advances made in the area over the past 10 years, and offers a state-of-the-art summary of epigenetic alternation, gene expression, protein structure, drug discovery, immunotherapy, and mouse modeling of histone H3 mutations in various tumors. Chiefly intended to provide researchers and graduate students with an overall picture of these mutations, it will also be of interest to researchers in basic oncology, clinical oncology, and epigenetics, as well as academics and clinical oncology practitioners.
Author: Dong Fang Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811581045 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
This book focuses on histone mutations, especially those mutations closely related to cancer. Genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations contribute to the development of a variety of cancers: recent genetic studies have identified e.g. H3K27M and H3G34R/V mutation in over 75% of DIPG cases, H3.3K36M mutation in more than 90% of chondroblastoma cases, and H3G34W/L mutation in over 90% of giant cell tumors of bone. Given the high incidence and tumorigenesis effects of histone H3 mutations, they are also referred to as oncohistones. This book highlights the advances made in the area over the past 10 years, and offers a state-of-the-art summary of epigenetic alternation, gene expression, protein structure, drug discovery, immunotherapy, and mouse modeling of histone H3 mutations in various tumors. Chiefly intended to provide researchers and graduate students with an overall picture of these mutations, it will also be of interest to researchers in basic oncology, clinical oncology, and epigenetics, as well as academics and clinical oncology practitioners.
Author: Renato Paro Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030686701 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Author: Shelley L. Berger Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 354037633X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 223
Book Description
Methylation of DNA at cytosine residues as well as post-translational modifications of histones, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquitylation, contribute to the epigenetic information carried by chromatin. These changes play an important role in the regulation of gene expression by modulating the access of regulatory factors to the DNA. The use of a combination of biochemical, genetic and structural approaches has allowed demonstration of the role of chromatin structure in transcriptional control. The structure of nucleosomes has been elucidated and enzymes involved in DNA or histone modifications have been extensively characterized. Since deregulation of epigenetic marks has been reported in many cancers, a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms bears the promise that new drug targets may soon be found. The newest developments in this quickly developing field are presented in this book.
Author: Atsushi Kaneda Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319597868 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 616
Book Description
This book will focus on DNA and histone methylation in epigenetics and describe how it is involved in the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of cancer. Chapters will summarize the current knowledge of the molecular basis of DNA and histone methylation and explain how it is involved in cancer, describe the features of DNA and histone methylation associated with particular types of cancer, diagnostic/therapeutic applications, and future directions of DNA and histone methylation as cancer targets.
Author: Nisha Kabir Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"Histone proteins have vital roles in the regulation of gene expression during development, where dysregulation of this processes results in diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is a highly aggressive cancer with a two-year survival rate of less than 30%. With the advent of whole genome sequencing, recurrent somatic mutations in histone H3 proteins and common co-occurring partner mutations have been identified to drive a subset of cancer. Histone H3 lysine 27 to methionine (H3K27M) cause a subset of pHGGs occurring in the brain midline in younger children, while mutations in glycine 34 to arginine or valine (G34R/V) cause another subset of pHGGs occurring in the cerebral cortex of adolescents and young adults. Histone H3 mutants also drive cancer outside of the brain, where mutations in glycine 34 to tryptophan (G34W) cause over 90% of giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) in adults. The restricted pattern of histone mutations with anatomical location and age of incidence in brain tumors gave rise to the hypothesis that histone mutations only occurring in a specific developmental window and cellular context give rise to cancer. While the cellular context is known for these tumors, how the mutations subsequently impact cell identity along differentiation are not well characterized. In this thesis, I study the transcriptomic effect of H3 and partner mutations on cellular identity using in silico integrative analysis of genome-wide transcriptomic data from model systems and normal references of the developing brain at single-cell resolution. I will use a variety computational methods to map genome-wide transcriptomic data to normal references to infer changes to cell identity in disease states. First, I study the role of partner mutations in a kinase, ACVR1, in the context of mutant H3 K27M. Gene expression profiling shows that mutations in ACVR1 impact cellular identity in distinct ways depending on the histone context. Second, I study the effect of H3.3 K27M mutations using cell lines subjected to differentiation experiments and orthotopic xenograft models using an isogenic system. In vivo K27M-KO experiments show a difference in cell state towards oligodendrocyte and astrocyte lineages, while in vitro K27M-KO experiments show upregulation of extracellular matrix and cellular adhesion gene programs. Third, I study the transcriptomic effects of germline heterozygous H3.3 G34R/V/W mutations in murine models. Germline G34 mutants have surprising tissue specificity; G34R mutants cause progressive neuronal loss coupled to increased immune infiltration in the brain, while G34W mutants cause an unhealthy obesity phenotype with decreased expression of PPARG, a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Together, this work provides insight into changes in cell identity and neurological abnormalities induced by H3 mutations at the level of transcription. This represents an important step in characterizing the cellular contexts of these disease states for the development of therapeutics"--
Author: Shelley L. Berger Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783540813231 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
Methylation of DNA at cytosine residues as well as post-translational modifications of histones, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquitylation, contribute to the epigenetic information carried by chromatin. These changes play an important role in the regulation of gene expression by modulating the access of regulatory factors to the DNA. The use of a combination of biochemical, genetic and structural approaches has allowed demonstration of the role of chromatin structure in transcriptional control. The structure of nucleosomes has been elucidated and enzymes involved in DNA or histone modifications have been extensively characterized. Since deregulation of epigenetic marks has been reported in many cancers, a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms bears the promise that new drug targets may soon be found. The newest developments in this quickly developing field are presented in this book.
Author: Pedro Castelo-Branco Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128167408 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 492
Book Description
Histone Modifications in Therapy provides an in-depth analysis of the role of histone mechanisms in major diseases and the promise of targeting histone modifications for disease prevention and treatment. Here, researchers, clinicians and students will discover a thorough, evidence-based discussion of the biology of histones, the diseases engaged by aberrant histone modifications, and pathways with therapeutic potential. Expert chapter addresses the role of histone modifications across a variety of disorders, including cancer, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cardiac, metabolic, infectious, bacterial, autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, among others. In relation to these disease types, histone modifications are discussed, both as mechanisms of prevention and possible treatment. A concluding chapter brings together future perspectives for targeting histone modifications in therapy and next steps in research. - Examines the use of histone modifications in disease prevention and therapy - Explores the role of histone modifications in cancer, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cardiac, metabolic, infectious, bacterial, and inflammatory disease, among others - Features chapters from a broad range of international authors and disease specialists
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123808677 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 411
Book Description
Genes interact with the environment, experience, and biology of the brain to shape an animal's behavior. This latest volume in Advances in Genetics, organized according to the most widely used model organisms, describes the latest genetic discoveries in relation to neural circuit development and activity. - Explores the latest topics in neural circuits and behavior research in zebrafish, drosophila, C.elegans, and mouse models - Includes methods for testing with ethical, legal, and social implications - Critically analyzes future prospects
Author: Trygve Tollefsbol Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420045806 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 472
Book Description
During the past few decades, it has become increasingly apparent that heredity is not the sole determining factor in disease development, such as cancer. This landmark work covers a wide array of aspects in the relatively new area of epigenetics, ranging from its role in the basic mechanisms of tumorigenesis, to the newest epigenetic drugs being de
Author: Dong Fang
Author: Dong Fang
Author: Renato Paro
Author: Shelley L. Berger
Author: Atsushi Kaneda
Author: Nisha Kabir
Author: Shelley L. Berger
Author: Pedro Castelo-Branco
Author: 
Author: Trygve Tollefsbol
Author: 劉嘉賢