Hepatotoxicity PDF Download

Author: Hyman J. Zimmerman
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 9780781719520
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 850

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Book Description
Written by the foremost authority in the field, this volume is a comprehensive review of the multifaceted phenomenon of hepatotoxicity. Dr. Zimmerman examines the interface between chemicals and the liver; the latest research in experimental hepatotoxicology; the hepatotoxic risks of household, industrial, and environmental chemicals; and the adverse effects of drugs on the liver. This thoroughly revised, updated Second Edition features a greatly expanded section on the wide variety of drugs that can cause liver injury. For quick reference, an appendix lists these medications and their associated hepatic injuries. Also included are in-depth discussions of drug metabolism and factors affecting susceptibility to liver injury.

Author: Jian-Sheng Lin
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889194345
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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Book Description
Brain aminergic pathways are organized in parallel and interacting systems, which support a range of functions, from homoeostatic regulations to cognitive, and motivational processes. Despite overlapping functional influences, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine systems provide different contributions to these processes. The histaminergic system, long ignored as a major regulator of the sleep-wake cycle, has now been fully acknowledged also as a major coordinator of attention, learning and memory, decision making. Although histaminergic neurons project widely to the whole brain, they are functionally heterogeneous, a feature which may provide the substrate for differential regulation, in a region-specific manner, of other neurotransmitter systems. Neurochemical preclinical studies have clearly shown that histamine interacts and modulates the release of neurotransmitters that are recognized as major modulators of cognitive processing and motivated behaviours. As a consequence, the histamine system has been proposed as a therapeutic target to treat sleep-wake disorders and cognitive dysfunctions that accompany neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies. Last decades have witnessed an unexpected explosion of interest in brain histamine system, as new receptors have been discovered and selective ligands synthesised. Nevertheless, the complete picture of the histamine systems fine-tuning and its orchestration with other pathways remains rather elusive. This Research Topic is intended to offer an inter-disciplinary forum that will improve our current understanding of the role of brain histamine and provide the fundamentals necessary to drive innovation in clinical practice and to improve the management and treatment of neurological disorders.

Author: Ekaterini Tiligada
Publisher: Humana
ISBN: 9781493968411
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This book illustrates the current state-of-the-art in histamine research, with a focus on the appropriate methodologies to investigate the pharmacological properties and the therapeutic exploitation of HRs and their ligands. In addition, the range of techniques described provides an introduction to complementary cross-methodological disciplines beyond these fields. This multi-disciplinary approach is required to define the ‘decision gates’ that determine the development of more effective and safer therapeutic options for many forms of highly prevalent and debilitating diseases, such as asthma, dementias, dermatitis, and arthritis. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters concentrate on practical, hands-on protocols from experts in the techniques. Authoritative and thorough, Histamine Receptors as Drug Targets seeks to aid pharmacologists, biochemists, drug discovery researchers, molecular biologists, chemists, toxicologists, lab scientists, medical doctors, principle investigators, research scientists, lab directors and technicians, as well as graduate students around the world in pursuing the study of this vital scientific area.

Author: M. Rocha e Silva
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783540078494
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
In the preface to Part I of this volume, which appeared in 1966, we stated: " ... we had to leave the Antihistaminics for another volume of unpredictable dimensions. In 1924, eight pages inserted in a Chapter on Mutterkorn by Arthur R.Cushing were considered enough, in Vol. II, Part II, pp. 1319-1326 of the Hand buch. Now 922 pages did not suffice to cover all aspects of the subject ... the subject has been expanded in so many directions, that the anti histaminic part had to be excluded from the present volume. Possibly, another thousand pages will be necessary to cover what remains of the subject."* This prediction was fulfilled, and the subject of histamine has grown to such an extent that dealing with the antihistaminics only in Part II would be quite inadequate. It is imperative to include the large number of recent findings on the subject of histamine, namely the splitting of its pharmacologic receptors, and the great variety of new contributions on ,its participation in physiopathologic phenomena, metabolism and interaction with newly found mediators.

Author: Patrizio Blandina
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319403087
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 378

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Book Description
A comprehensive and detailed overview of the current state of preclinical research on histamine and histamine receptors. Part of the book focuses on novel approaches to the study of histamine receptors such as polymorphism, genetic linkage, and computational analysis, and on the use of new histaminergic ligands in diseases such as asthma and dermatitis. Several chapters will be devoted to the role of histamine in the control of homeostatic and behavioral responses such as the sleep-wake cycle, regulation of the blood brain barrier, food intake, alertness, itch, and memory formation and consolidation.

Author: C. R. Ganellin
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483193411
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 540

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Book Description
Pharmacology of Histamine Receptors presents a summary of the pharmacology of histamine receptors. It discusses the research and developments made in the use of histamine. It addresses the biological actions of the drug in various pathological instances. Some of the topics covered in the book are the classification of histamine receptors; mepyramine and related histamine antagonists; activity relationships of drugs acting at histamine receptors; chemical structure of histamine; effects of methyl substituents in histamine; enzymes involved in histamine metabolism; and histamine in body fluids. The cellular sources of histamine in tissues and blood are fully covered. The relationship of the mast cell to basophil is discussed in detail. The text describes in depth the urinary excretion of histamine and metabolites. The pathological conditions in man are presented completely. A chapter is devoted to the fundamental properties of adenylate cyclase and its measurement. The book can provide useful information to pharmacists, doctors, chemists, students, and researchers.

Author: Robin Thurmond
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441980563
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 153

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Book Description
The year 2010 marks the centennial for the identification of histamine and the first glimpse of its many physiological functions. From these initial findings a rich tapestry of research has uncovered roles for histamine in almost every physiological process with new findings emerging every year. These diverse roles of histamine have made for fertile ground for the discovery of novel therapeutics, and these drugs have been so successful that the term “antihistamine” has entered the common lexicon. This volume is an attempt to give a snapshot in time as to the current understanding of the role of histamine in just one important therapeutic area—inflammation. The first three chapters provide some background context for the rest of the book starting out with a historical perspective by Figueroa and Shankley. Bongers et al provide an overview of the pharmacology of the four histamine receptors and the chapter by Hiroshi Ohtsu describes how histamine is synthesized as well as the insights derived from mice where this synthesis is disrupted. The next several chapters discuss disease areas where histamine is known to be involved. Chapter 4 by Thomas Taylor-Clark outlines the role of histamine in allergic rhinitis, an area were antihistamines are commonly used. This is also true for ocular allergy as discussed by Ohbayashi et al. Both of these chapters highlight aspects of these conditions that are still not well-controlled and suggest the utility of new antihistamines targeting other histamine receptors.

Author: Raymond S. Sinatra
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139491989
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 551

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Book Description
The Essence of Analgesia and Analgesics is an invaluable practical resource for clinicians giving pain relief in any clinical setting, describing the pharmacologic principles and clinical use of all available pain medications. As well as detailed overviews of pain processing and analgesic theory, sections are dedicated to oral and panteral opioid analgesics, neuraxial opioids, NSAIDs, local anesthetics, anticonvulsant type analgesics, NMDA antagonists, alpha adrenergic analgesics, antidepressant analgesics, muscle relaxants, adjuvant medications, and new and emerging analgesics. The concise format of the chapters allows for quick and easy reading and assimilation of information. Enhanced by summary tables and figures, each chapter provides an overview of a particular drug, covering chemical structure, mode of activity, indications, contraindications, common doses and uses, advantages and disadvantages, and drug related adverse events. Key references are also provided. Edited by leading experts in pain management, this is essential reading for any clinician involved in pain management.

Author: K.-C. Bergmann
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318021954
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 445

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Book Description
The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased dramatically over recent decades, both in terms of the number of sufferers and the number of allergies. This is a trend that has frequently been referred to as 'the epidemic of the 21st century'. As described in ancient texts, allergies have been known for over 2,000 years, but the term 'allergy' was only coined at the beginning of the 20th century when doctors began to understand their pathophysiological basis. This book presents a detailed and varied historical overview of the field of allergology. Beginning with insights on allergy from antiquity to the 20th century and the development of the associated terminology, it compiles historical reflections on the understanding of the most common allergic diseases. Important milestones in the discovery of mechanisms of allergy are described, followed by historical accounts of the detection of allergens such as pollen, dust mites, peanuts and latex, and of environmental influences such as pollution and the relationship between farmers and their environment. Several chapters illustrate the progress made in allergy management to date. Particular highlights of this book are the personal reflections of and interviews with a number of pioneers of allergy, including F. Austen, J. Bienenstock, K. Blaser, A. de Weck, A.W. Frankland, K. Ishizaka, and many more. Concluding with portrayals of allergy societies and collections, as well as being supplemented by two films, this book represents a veritable treasure trove of fascinating and richly illustrated information. Not only researchers, physicians and medical historians, but also students and even non-scientists will find History of Allergy a scientific adventure well worth reading.

Author: Puneet Kumar
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811535566
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 729

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Book Description
Numerous phenomenal advances have been made towards understanding the role of neurotransmitters in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, and these have resulted in a large number of novel molecules with the potential to revolutionize the treatment and prevention of such disorders. This book provides a comprehensive and detailed explanation of brain neurotransmitters and their receptors and associated channels. It includes a basic introduction, and also discusses the functions and recent advances and their pharmacology, highlighting the role of various computer aided drug design (CADD) strategies for the development of therapeutic ligands to modulate these receptors/ion channels. Written in an easy-to-read style, it is intended for neuroscience and pharmaceutical students and researchers working in the area of brain neurotransmitters.