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Author: National Institutes of Health (US) Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781974371679 Category : Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), which began in 2006, is a comprehensive longitudinal multicenter community-based cohort study of Hispanic/Latino populations in the United States. Between 2008 and 2011, 16,415 U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults were recruited from a random sample of households in four communities located in the Bronx, Chicago, Miami, and San Diego, and they underwent a baseline clinic examination. Each community had more than 4,000 participants from diverse Hispanic/Latino backgrounds who self-identified as Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Mexican, Central American, or South American and were of diverse socioeconomic groups. They were selected to be representative of the target population in each community rather than the entire U.S. population. Study participants were selected to obtain approximately one-third between 18-44 years of age and two-thirds between 45-74 years of age (Lavange et al., 2010; Sorlie et al., 2010). The goals of the study are to identify risk factors that may have a protective or harmful role in the development of cardiovascular disease in Hispanics/Latinos and to evaluate the role of acculturation in the prevalence and development of risk factors and disease. Study participants underwent an extensive clinic examination to determine baseline cardiovascular prevalence and to identify potential risk and protective factors. The baseline examination was administered in English or Spanish based on the participant's preference. Baseline questionnaires included information on personal and family health, acculturation (including language and cultural food preferences), physical activity, diet, sleep, occupation, and other personal characteristics. Clinical assessments included hearing, vision, and dental exams, and many types of blood tests. Physical activity and sleep were assessed by use of measurement devices that participants took home with them. After the clinic visit, participants were followed regularly by telephone calls to track important health events
Author: National Institutes of Health (US) Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781974371679 Category : Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), which began in 2006, is a comprehensive longitudinal multicenter community-based cohort study of Hispanic/Latino populations in the United States. Between 2008 and 2011, 16,415 U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults were recruited from a random sample of households in four communities located in the Bronx, Chicago, Miami, and San Diego, and they underwent a baseline clinic examination. Each community had more than 4,000 participants from diverse Hispanic/Latino backgrounds who self-identified as Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Mexican, Central American, or South American and were of diverse socioeconomic groups. They were selected to be representative of the target population in each community rather than the entire U.S. population. Study participants were selected to obtain approximately one-third between 18-44 years of age and two-thirds between 45-74 years of age (Lavange et al., 2010; Sorlie et al., 2010). The goals of the study are to identify risk factors that may have a protective or harmful role in the development of cardiovascular disease in Hispanics/Latinos and to evaluate the role of acculturation in the prevalence and development of risk factors and disease. Study participants underwent an extensive clinic examination to determine baseline cardiovascular prevalence and to identify potential risk and protective factors. The baseline examination was administered in English or Spanish based on the participant's preference. Baseline questionnaires included information on personal and family health, acculturation (including language and cultural food preferences), physical activity, diet, sleep, occupation, and other personal characteristics. Clinical assessments included hearing, vision, and dental exams, and many types of blood tests. Physical activity and sleep were assessed by use of measurement devices that participants took home with them. After the clinic visit, participants were followed regularly by telephone calls to track important health events
Author: Marilyn Aguirre-Molina Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0787960276 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 527
Book Description
Sweeping in scope, Health Issues in the Latino Community identifies and offers an in-depth examination of the most critical health issues that affect Latino's health and health care within the United States. This resource offers a comprehensive approach that informs and promotes the advancement of the practice, program planning, research, and public policy to improve health care of all Latino citizens.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309164818 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 502
Book Description
Hispanics and the Future of America presents details of the complex story of a population that varies in many dimensions, including national origin, immigration status, and generation. The papers in this volume draw on a wide variety of data sources to describe the contours of this population, from the perspectives of history, demography, geography, education, family, employment, economic well-being, health, and political engagement. They provide a rich source of information for researchers, policy makers, and others who want to better understand the fast-growing and diverse population that we call "Hispanic." The current period is a critical one for getting a better understanding of how Hispanics are being shaped by the U.S. experience. This will, in turn, affect the United States and the contours of the Hispanic future remain uncertain. The uncertainties include such issues as whether Hispanics, especially immigrants, improve their educational attainment and fluency in English and thereby improve their economic position; whether growing numbers of foreign-born Hispanics become citizens and achieve empowerment at the ballot box and through elected office; whether impending health problems are successfully averted; and whether Hispanics' geographic dispersal accelerates their spatial and social integration. The papers in this volume provide invaluable information to explore these issues.
Author: Sherrie Baver Publisher: University of Notre Dame Pess ISBN: 0268101531 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 394
Book Description
Significant changes in New York City's Latino community have occurred since the first edition of Latinos in New York: Communities in Transition was published in 1996. The Latino population in metropolitan New York has increased from 1.7 million in the 1990s to over 2.4 million, constituting a third of the population spread over five boroughs. Puerto Ricans remain the largest subgroup, followed by Dominicans and Mexicans; however, Puerto Ricans are no longer the majority of New York's Latinos as they were throughout most of the twentieth century. Latinos in New York: Communities in Transition, second edition, is the most comprehensive reader available on the experience of New York City's diverse Latino population. The essays in Part I examine the historical and sociocultural context of Latinos in New York. Part II looks at the diversity comprising Latino New York. Contributors focus on specific national origin groups, including Ecuadorians, Colombians, and Central Americans, and examine the factors that prompted emigration from the country of origin, the socioeconomic status of the emigrants, the extent of transnational ties with the home country, and the immigrants' interaction with other Latino groups in New York. Essays in Part III focus on politics and policy issues affecting New York's Latinos. The book brings together leading social analysts and community advocates on the Latino experience to address issues that have been largely neglected in the literature on New York City. These include the role of race, culture and identity, health, the criminal justice system, the media, and higher education, subjects that require greater attention both from academic as well as policy perspectives. Contributors: Sherrie Baver, Juan Cartagena, Javier Castaño, Ana María Díaz-Stevens, Angelo Falcón, Juan Flores, Gabriel Haslip-Viera, Ramona Hernández, Luz Yadira Herrera, Gilbert Marzán, Ed Morales, Pedro A. Noguera, Rosalía Reyes, Clara E. Rodríguez, José Ramón Sánchez, Walker Simon, Robert Courtney Smith, Andrés Torres, and Silvio Torres-Saillant.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030918651X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 163
Book Description
Randomized clinical trials are the primary tool for evaluating new medical interventions. Randomization provides for a fair comparison between treatment and control groups, balancing out, on average, distributions of known and unknown factors among the participants. Unfortunately, these studies often lack a substantial percentage of data. This missing data reduces the benefit provided by the randomization and introduces potential biases in the comparison of the treatment groups. Missing data can arise for a variety of reasons, including the inability or unwillingness of participants to meet appointments for evaluation. And in some studies, some or all of data collection ceases when participants discontinue study treatment. Existing guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials, and the analysis of the resulting data, provide only limited advice on how to handle missing data. Thus, approaches to the analysis of data with an appreciable amount of missing values tend to be ad hoc and variable. The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials concludes that a more principled approach to design and analysis in the presence of missing data is both needed and possible. Such an approach needs to focus on two critical elements: (1) careful design and conduct to limit the amount and impact of missing data and (2) analysis that makes full use of information on all randomized participants and is based on careful attention to the assumptions about the nature of the missing data underlying estimates of treatment effects. In addition to the highest priority recommendations, the book offers more detailed recommendations on the conduct of clinical trials and techniques for analysis of trial data.
Author: Ruth Enid Zambrana Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN: 0801461049 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
It is well known that Latinos in the United States bear a disproportionate burden of low educational attainment, high residential segregation, and low visibility in the national political landscape. In Latinos in American Society, Ruth Enid Zambrana brings together the latest research on Latinos in the United States to demonstrate how national origin, age, gender, socioeconomic status, and education affect the well-being of families and individuals. By mapping out how these factors result in economic, social, and political disadvantage, Zambrana challenges the widespread negative perceptions of Latinos in America and the single story of Latinos in the United States as a monolithic group. Synthesizing an increasingly substantial body of social science research—much of it emerging from the interdisciplinary fields of Chicano studies, U.S. Latino studies, critical race studies, and family studies—the author adopts an intersectional "social inequality lens" as a means for understanding the broader sociopolitical dynamics of the Latino family, considering ethnic subgroup diversity, community context, institutional practices, and their intersections with family processes and well-being. Zambrana, a leading expert on Latino populations in America, demonstrates the value of this approach for capturing the contemporary complexity of and transitions within diverse U.S. Latino families and communities. This book offers the most up-to-date portrait we have of Latinos in America today.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309452961 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 583
Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309169135 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
Hispanics are defined as people of Spanish-speaking origin from Latin America, the Caribbean, or Europe. Hispanics vary in terms of socioeconomic status, race, religion and/or more. A common occurrence among the Hispanics, however, are the emerging issues concerning their health.It is estimated that by 2050 Hispanics will make up more than 25% of the United States' population. It is thus important that they have the resources to contribute maximally to American society. This can come about by first understanding and dealing with issues surrounding their health. In hopes of examining these issues and as a part of its continuing commitment to promote a national dialogue on race and diversity in the United States, the National Academies organized an expert meeting on Emerging Issues in Hispanic Health on April 10, 2002. Emerging Issues in Hispanic Health: Summary of a Workshop includes a review of key demographic data, such as population statistics, that characterize the Hispanic population in the United States; research on the socioeconomic, sociocultural, and behavioral determinants of health; effects of selective migration; the apparent epidemiological paradox : the relatively positive health outcomes observed in some Hispanic populations despite their relatively poor socioeconomic status or other types of disadvantage such as discrimination; and more.
Author: National Institutes of Health (US)
Author: National Institutes of Health (US)
Author: 
Author: Marilyn Aguirre-Molina
Author: National Research Council
Author: 
Author: Sherrie Baver
Author: National Research Council
Author: Ruth Enid Zambrana
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: National Research Council