Author: Yanmin Yu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
ABSTRACT: In 1999, the Chinese government launched a higher education expansion policy. Between 1998 and 1999, the number of new students enrolled in colleges increased by 40%. The expansion continued for several years. By 2006, the number of new students enrolled in colleges increased to 5.5 million, which was 5 times that in 1998. Using the 1997 and 2006 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey, the paper studies the effects of the expansion policy on labor market outcomes of young college graduates. Treating the expansion policy as a natural experiment and using a difference-in-difference strategy, my research results suggest that the expansion policy causes the unemployment of young college graduates to increase by 8.7 percent, the full-time employment rate to decrease by 21 percent, and the average monthly earnings to decrease by 104.07 Yuan, equivalent to 18.35 Canadian dollars.
Author: Dongshu Ou Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 39
Book Description
We examine the causal impact of China's higher education expansion on labor market outcomes for young college graduates using China's 2005 1% Population Sample Survey. Exploiting variation in the expansion of university spots across provinces and high school cohorts and applying a difference-in-differences model, we find that the expansion of higher education in China decreases unemployment rates, especially among males and high school graduates. However, the policy also decreases women's labor force participation and individual earnings in highly-skilled white-collar jobs. We further discuss potential channels affecting the observed outcomes. Our results illustrate the strong demand for a skilled labor force in China and the broad economic benefits of higher education.
Author: Yun Feng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
This dissertation studies the effects of China's higher education expansion reform on workers' labor market outcomes. In Chapter 1, I investigate how China's higher education expansion reform affects young workers' labor market outcomes. Using data from the 2005 China Population Survey, I estimate the effects of the reform using a diff-in-diff type of framework. The key variation I use for identification is province-specific cohort-to-cohort variation in the expansion intensity. I find that the reform does not increase unemployment but reduces labor force participation for young workers. In the meantime, the reform increases the likelihood of getting a graduate degree, which partly explains why it decreases labor force participation. Similar results are obtained for college cohorts using IV. In Chapter 2, I aim to address the caveats embedded in the empirical strategy in Chapter 1. To do so, I construct and structurally estimate a dynamic discrete choice labor market general equilibrium model, and innovate in modeling and estimation by incorporating the college admissions policy of China. Unlike in Chapter 1, this approach allows one to generate counterfactuals and policy simulations while taking into account the general equilibrium effects of the reform. After structurally estimating the model, I show that it matches key data moments reasonably well. In Chapter 3, I examine the effects of China's higher education expansion reform on the evolution of the college wage premium. I show that the reform interacts with the demographics of workers and affects them differentially. Using the model developed in Chapter 2, I find that in the presence of post-reform technological progress, the reform first increases and then decreases the college wage premium. In its absence, however, the reform decreases the college wage premium from the start. I also find that in the latter case, workers induced to go to college by the reform (compliers) gain the most on average, whereas those who go to college with or without it (always-takers) lose the most, because the large increase in the supply of high-skill labor depresses skill prices. Policy experiments are conducted to show, if China were to continue with the expansion, how long it would take for it to reach the average share of high-skill workers in developed countries.
Author: Yingxia Cao Publisher: Universal-Publishers ISBN: 1599426633 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 253
Book Description
Private Higher Education and the Labor Market in China focuses on Chinese private higher education institutions and investigates their institutional management efforts in linking private higher education to the labor market. The dissertation firstly describes and analyzes how these mostly demand-absorbing institutions include elements aimed at meeting labor market demands in their mission statements, and how they improve student employability and bridge graduates and employers through job-oriented fields of study provision, educational delivery, career services, as well as networking and partnerships. It then examines graduate surveys on initial employment outcomes about employment status, starting salary, job and education match, and job satisfaction, while exploring the associations of these outcomes with managed institutional efforts. Finally, it builds a conceptual model with two dimensions that illustrates institutional variations in management efforts and initial graduate employment outcomes. This dissertation concludes that many of the demand-absorbing Chinese private higher education institutions have managed serious efforts in linking private higher education to the labor market and some of them are even semi-elite in their job-oriented institutional efforts and initial employment outcomes.
Author: W. John Morgan Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136811931 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 204
Book Description
A major transformation of Chinese higher education (HE) has taken place over the past decade – China has reshaped its higher education sector from elite to mass education with the number of graduates having quadrupled to three million a year over six years. China is exceptional among lower income countries in using tertiary education as a development strategy on such a scale, aiming to improve the quality of its graduates, and make HE available to as many of its citizens as possible. This book provides a critical examination the challenges to the development and sustainability of higher education in China: Can its universities move from quantity to quality? How will so many graduates find jobs in line with their expectations? Can Britain and other western countries continue to benefit from China’s education boom? What are the prospects for collaboration in research? This book evaluates the prospects for Chinese and foreign HE providers, regulators and other stakeholders. It introduces the key changes in China’s HE programme since the Opening-Up policy in 1978 and analyses the achievements and the challenges over the subsequent three decades. Furthermore, it sheds light on new reforms that are likely to take place in the future, particularly as a result of the ongoing international financial crisis.
Author: Xinxin Ma Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9813369043 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
This open access book investigates female employment and the gender gap in the labor market and households during China’s economic transition period. It provides the reader with academic evidence for understanding the mechanism of female labor force participation, the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market, and the impact of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment in China from an economics perspective. The main content of this book includes three parts―women’s family responsibilities and women’s labor supply (child care, parent care, and women’s employment), the gender gap in the labor market and society (gender gaps in wages, Communist Party membership, and participation in social activity), and the impacts of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment (the social security system and the educational expansion policy on women’s wages and employment) in China. This book provides academic evidence about these issues based on economics theories and econometric analysis methods using many kinds of long-term Chinese national survey data. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in up-to-date and in-depth empirical studies of the gender gap and women’s employment in China during the economic transition period. This book is of interest to various groups such as readers who are interested in the Chinese economy, policymakers, and scholars with econometric analysis backgrounds.
Author: Felicia F. Tian Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811515107 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
This book explores how students in China vary in their understanding of careers upon arrival at college and how these initial differences develop into distinctive career preparation pathways. Drawing on survey data, students’ self-reflections, and semi-structured interviews over the four years, the book examines students’ engagement in curricular and extracurricular activities, as well as their interactions with peers, faculty, and staff, and how this affects their ability to navigate, develop, and cultivate career prospects and relevant skills. It also considers how colleges may aggravate social inequality rather than equalize among students with divergent family backgrounds through cumulative advantage framework, impacting on their conceptualization and construction of careers. Addressing a key generation in a key market, this text will interest students, scholars and practitioners in sociology, social work, education, and public policy, career counselling, student affairs, human resources, and education policy.
Author: Liping Ma Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 100095997X Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
Using a nationally representative data set, this book examines the characteristics of Chinese college students’ mobility since the expansion of higher education. It analyses college graduates’ mobility in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. The horizontal dimension shows college students’ migration directions and location changes, including migration for college, migration for employment, migration for grassroots positions, migration away from the capital and migration back to their hometown. The vertical dimension includes students’ intergenerational occupational mobility and intergenerational regional mobility. Drawing on theories in education and economics, the book provides a solid framework for empirically analysing the characteristics, causes and economic and non-economic benefits of different forms of mobility. This book not only offers insights into China’s higher education policies and their impact on the regional and intergenerational mobility decisions of college graduates over the past two decades but also has important implications for other countries at similar stages of social and economic development. This book is an excellent read for students and scholars of education, economics and East Asian studies. It can also help policymakers understand the characteristics of students’ mobility and the underlying reasons for their choices, so that they can propose effective policies in the future.
Author: Solomon W. Polachek Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing ISBN: 1781907579 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 214
Book Description
After three decades of economic reform, China is experiencing substantial demographic changes and a steady structural transformation toward a market economy. This volume presents fresh knowledge on labor market issues in China including topics such as: occupational choice and mobility, over-qualification and hiring, cost of displacement, and the pe
Author: Alfred M. Wu Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811302480 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 147
Book Description
This book addresses important questions and puzzles regarding the massification of higher education in Asia. It equips readers to critically evaluate and understand the consequences and challenges that massification entails, while also prompting policymakers and higher education administrators to tackle emerging issues related to the massification of higher education. Readers will gain a deeper, nuanced understanding of this trend, including its impacts and governance issues.
Author: Yanmin Yu
Author: Dongshu Ou
Author: Yun Feng
Author: Yingxia Cao
Author: W. John Morgan
Author: Xinxin Ma
Author: Felicia F. Tian
Author: Liping Ma
Author: Solomon W. Polachek
Author: Alfred M. Wu