High Throughput Identification of Bacteria Via Flow Injection-electrospray Mass Spectrometry PDF Download

Author: Cao. Mingyan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacteria
Languages : en
Pages : 136

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Author: Carrie Pierce
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacteriophages
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Bacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world, including deadly diseases such as tuberculosis, meningitis, cholera, and pneumonia. Timely and accurate bacterial identification is critical in areas such as clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, water and air quality assessment, and identification of biological threat agents. At present, there is an established need for high throughput, sensitive, selective, and rapid methods for the detection of pathogenic bacteria, as existing methods, while nominally effective, have failed to sufficiently reduce the massive impact of bacterial contamination and infection. The work presented in this thesis focuses on addressing this need and augmenting conventional microorganism research through development of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic applications. MS, a well established tool for addressing biological problems, offers a broad range of laboratory procedures that can be used for taxonomic classification and identification of microorganisms. These methods provide a powerful complement to many of the widely used molecular biology approaches and play critical functions in various fields of science. While implementation of modern biomolecule-identifying instrumentation, such as MS, has long been postulated to have a role in the microbiology laboratory, it has yet to be accepted on a large scale. Described in this document are MS methods that erect strong foundations on which new bacterial diagnostics may be based. A general introduction on key aspects of this work is presented in Chapter 1, where different approaches for detection of pathogenic bacteria are reviewed, and an overview regarding MS and microbial identification is provided. Chapter 2 presents the first implementation of microbial identification via rapid, open air Direct Analysis in Real Time MS (DART MS) to generate ions directly from microbial samples, including the disease-causing bacteria, Coxiella burnetii, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli. Chapter 3 expands on whole cell C. burnetii MS analysis and presents a rapid differentiation method to the strain-level for C. burnetii using mass profiling/fingerprinting matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS and multivariate pattern recognition. Chapter 4 presents a unique "top-down" proteomics approach using 15N-labeled bacteriophage amplification coupled with MALDI-TOF MS as a detector for the rapid and selective identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Chapter 5 extends the idea of using isotopically labeled bacteriophage amplification by implementing a "bottom-up" proteomics approach that not only identifies S. aureus in a sample, but also quantifies the bacterial concentration in the sample using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) as a detector. In conclusion, Chapter 6, summarizes and contextualizes the work presented in this dissertation, and outlines how future research can build upon the experimentation detailed in this document.

Author: Charles L. Wilkins
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471748633
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 377

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Book Description
A multidisciplinary approach to understanding the fundamentals of mass spectrometry for bacterial analysis From chemotaxonomy to characterization of targeted proteins, Identification of Microorganisms by Mass Spectrometry provides an overview of both well-established and cutting-edge mass spectrometry techniques for identifying microorganisms. A vital tool for microbiologists, health professionals, and analytical chemists, the text is designed to help scientists select the most effective techniques for use in biomedical, biochemical, pharmaceutical, and bioterror defense applications. Since microbiological applications of mass spectrometry require a basic understanding of both microbiology and analytical chemistry, the editors have incorporated material from both disciplines so that readers from either field will come to understand the necessary principles of the other. Featuring contributions from some of the most recognized experts in both fields, this volume provides specific examples of fundamental methods as well as approaches developed in the last decade, including: * Metastable atom bombardment pyrolysis mass spectrometry * Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) * MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) of intact bacteria * High-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) * Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry Identification of Microorganisms by Mass Spectrometry represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date work on the topic currently available. It is liberally illustrated with figures and tables and covers every aspect of spectrometric identification of microorganisms, including experimental procedures, various means of sample preparation, data analysis, and interpretation of complex mass spectral data.

Author: Charles H. Wick
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 146650496X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 282

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Book Description
All microbes, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, can be classified and identified by matching a few peptides known to be unique to each organism. Identifying Microbes by Mass Spectrometry Proteomics describes ways to identify microorganisms using powerful new techniques combining hardware and software and yielding highly accurate methods for detection, identification, and classification of microbes. This straightforward technology can be used to detect unknown and unsequenced microorganisms as well as microbes in complex environmental samples. This book reviews various mass analyzers used for detection and describes ionization methods frequently used for analysis of microbial constituents, a necessary step in the preparation of mass spectrometry (MS) samples. The text also discusses diverse processing methods, which are used to analyze MS files for matching mass spectral profiles, and examines protein and nucleic acid sequence-based methods capable of classification and identification of microbial agents. The book also covers sample collection methods and specific sample preparation techniques. The text addresses using computer software and bioinformatics approaches for data mining to discriminate microbes using mass spectrometry proteomics (MSP). It also discusses historical pattern recognition-based methods and other approaches such as analysis of pyrolysis products, chemical ionization (CI) of fatty acid methyl esters, and MALDI-MS. The text contains examples of the application of the MSP technique for microbe detection and includes a survey of suitable and commercially available MS-based platforms. Successful applications include the identification of unknown microbes in honey bees associated with colony collapse disorder and the analysis of virus strains from the 2009 influenza pandemic. The final chapter outlines future trends in these groundbreaking uses of MS techniques, which are fast, not limited by sample type, and show potential in answering complex environmental questions.

Author: George G. Harrigan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461503337
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 342

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Book Description
It is evident that biochemical control is not strictly hierarchical and that intermediary metabolism can contribute to control of regulatory pathways. Metabolic studies are therefore increasingly important in gene function analyses, and an increased interest in metabolites as biomarkers for disease progression or response to therapeutic intervention is also evident in the pharmaceutical industry. This book offers guidelines to currently available technology and bioinformatics and database strategies now being developed. Evidence is presented that metabolic profiling is a valuable addition to genomics and proteomics strategies devoted to drug discovery and development, and that metabolic profiling offers numerous advantages.

Author: Leo Nollet
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000539253
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 463

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Book Description
The quality and safety of food are crucial for human nutrition. However, evaluating the chemical composition of food is challenging for the analyst and requires powerful methods. Chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) is the gold standard for analyzing complex food samples, including raw materials and intermediate and finished products. Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis covers the MS-based analysis of different aspects of food quality, which include nutritional value, profile of macronutrients (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates), micronutrients (vitamins), and nutraceutical active compounds. Additionally, sensory quality, flavor, food pigments, safety, and detection of pesticides, contact materials, veterinary drugs and pharmaceuticals, organic pollutants, and pathogens are covered. Key Features: Contains the basics of mass spectrometry and experimental strategies Explores determination of macro- and micronutrients Analyzes sensory and nutraceutical food quality Discusses detection of contaminants and proof of authenticity Presents emerging methods for food analysis This book contains an introductory section that explains the basics of MS and the difference between targeted and untargeted strategies for beginners. Further, it points out new analytical challenges, such as monitoring contaminants of emerging concern, and presents innovative techniques (e.g., ambient ionization MS and data mining). Also available in the Food Analysis & Properties Series: Nanoemulsions in Food Technology: Development, Characterization, and Applications, edited by Javed Ahmad and Leo M.L. Nollet (ISBN: 978-0-367-61492-8) Sequencing Technologies in Microbial Food Safety and Quality, edited by Devarajan Thangadurai, Leo M.L. Nollet, Saher Islam, and Jeyabalan Sangeetha (ISBN: 978-0-367-35118-2) Chiral Organic Pollutants: Monitoring and Characterization in Food and the Environment, edited by Edmond Sanganyado, Basil K. Munjanja, and Leo M.L. Nollet (ISBN: 978-0-367-42923-2) For a complete list of books in this series, please visit our website at: www.crcpress.com/Food-Analysis--Properties/book-series/CRCFOODANPRO

Author: Francesco Piraino
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351650483
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 254

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Book Description
This book provides a current view of the research and commercial landscape of diagnostics devices, particularly those that utilize microscale technologies, intended for both patient and laboratory use. Common diagnostic devices that are based on microfluidic principles include glucose sensors for diabetic patients and over-the-counter pregnancy tests. Other diagnostic devices are being developed to quickly test a patient for bacterial and viral infections, and other diseases. The chapters, written by experts from around the world, discuss how to fabricate, apply, and market microfluidic diagnostic chips – for lab and at-home use. Most importantly, the book also contains a discussion of topics relevant to the private sector, including patient-focused, market-oriented development of diagnostics devices. Chapter 9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a CC-BY 3.0 license. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/tandfbis/rt-files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters/9781498772938_oachapter9.pdf

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1930

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Book Description
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Author: Mansel Griffiths
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849334269
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 640

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Book Description
Pathogens respond dynamically to their environment. Understanding their behavior is critical for two important reasons: because of emerging evidence of increased pathogen resistance to established sanitation and preservation techniques and because of the increased use of minimal processing technologies, which are potentially more vulnerable to the development of resistance. Understanding Pathogen Behavior: Virulence, Stress Response And Resistance collects and summarizes the wealth of recent research in this area and its implications for microbiologists and QA staff in the food industry. ISBN 1 85573 953 4

Author: Richard B. Cole
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 610

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Book Description
Comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of a revolutionary technique Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has completely changed the way physicists, chemists, and biologists view the study of large molecules. The technique derives detailed information about molecular weights and structures from extremely small sample quantities. ESI-MS can create highly charged forms of very high molecular weight compounds, it is naturally compatible with many types of separation techniques, and it allows noncovalent interactions between molecules in solution to be preserved in the gas phase. But many researchers may not use the technique to its full potential because they are unfamiliar with the different perspectives of its underlying processes, the varied approaches to implementation, and the wide-ranging utility of the technique. In this book, Richard B. Cole and an assemblage of leading researchers present a single-volume compilation of different approaches to the understanding and exploitation of ESI-MS. This comprehensive guide: * Examines the physical and chemical aspects of the electrospray process and describes the events involved in ion formation as well as the electro-chemical phenomena that are central to charged droplet formation during the process * Explores the coupling of electrospray ionization to various mass spectrometers, including quadrupole, magnetic, time-of-flight, quadrupole ion trap, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance instruments * Describes recent progress in interfacing ESI with solution-based separation techniques, including liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis * Charts the rapid development of ESI applications and categorizes them by compound type: peptides and proteins, nucleic acids and their constituents, carbohydrates and lipids, small molecules related to pharmacology and drug metabolism, and organometallics and inorganic compounds Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry is the indispensable handbook and reference for anyone who wishes to understand, implement, or apply this technique, including researchers in chemistry, metallochemistry, biochemistry, biology, pharmacology, and physics.