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Author: Yongren Benjamin Peng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"The chemical durability of phosphate glasses in general can be improved by the incorporation of chemically dissolved nitrogen and/or addition of oxides such AI2O3. Over 100 oxide and oxynitride glass compositions were evaluated. The general compositions investigated were the following: 1. P2O5" xH2O; 2. MPO3 where M = K, Na, Ag; 3. M2O-AI2O3 -P2O5, where M = K, Na and Ag; 4. 3OK2O-10M2O3-60P2O5, where M = Al, Ga, In, La, B, Fe and Bi; 5. Glasses of general composition M2O-MO-M2O3-P2O5, where M2O stands for K2O, Na2O, Li2O and Ag2O, MO for BaO, CaO, ZnO and PbO, and M2O3 for A12O3, B2O3, Fe2O3, etc; 6 . Oxynitrides of the above compositions 7. Other glass compositions such as PbO containing glasses These glasses were investigated for the purposes of (a) identifying phosphate glasses whose thermal expansion and chemical durability make them suitable for sealing to high expansion metals like aluminum alloys and stainless steels, (b) learning more about how the dissolution of nitrogen in a glass can be affected by the processing conditions and glass compositions, (c) gaining more fundamental information for the structural role of nitrogen in phosphorus oxynitride glasses and its correlation with the properties of by oxynitride glasses, (d) investigating how oxide addition is compared to nitrogen dissolution in a glass in terms of chemical durability, thermal expansion and glass forming characteristics. The maximum nitrogen content achievable in phosphate glasses nitrided in ammonia depended not only on the time and temperature of remelting in ammonia, but also on the melt composition and the water content of the nitriding atmosphere. The presence of MO, M2O3 oxides, especially M2O3 oxides, in a glass melt limits the maximum nitrogen dissolution in the melt. The nitrogen content of some PONH glasses obtained from nitriding ammonium phosphate reached 17.8 wt%, while a glass containing ~ 10 mole% AL2O3 typically had a nitrogen content 1-3 wt%. Glasses containing Ag2O, PbO, Bi2O3 and Fe2O3 were not nitridable in dry ammonia. Metallic Ag, Pb and Bi were formed after nitriding in ammonia at 750-800°C for only 30 min. Many glass compositions in the system M2O-MO-M2O3 -P2O5 had a thermal expansion coefficient> 180xl0−7/°C and a dissolution rate in deionized water at 30°C 10−8gm/cm2" in and at 70°C
Author: Yongren Benjamin Peng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"The chemical durability of phosphate glasses in general can be improved by the incorporation of chemically dissolved nitrogen and/or addition of oxides such AI2O3. Over 100 oxide and oxynitride glass compositions were evaluated. The general compositions investigated were the following: 1. P2O5" xH2O; 2. MPO3 where M = K, Na, Ag; 3. M2O-AI2O3 -P2O5, where M = K, Na and Ag; 4. 3OK2O-10M2O3-60P2O5, where M = Al, Ga, In, La, B, Fe and Bi; 5. Glasses of general composition M2O-MO-M2O3-P2O5, where M2O stands for K2O, Na2O, Li2O and Ag2O, MO for BaO, CaO, ZnO and PbO, and M2O3 for A12O3, B2O3, Fe2O3, etc; 6 . Oxynitrides of the above compositions 7. Other glass compositions such as PbO containing glasses These glasses were investigated for the purposes of (a) identifying phosphate glasses whose thermal expansion and chemical durability make them suitable for sealing to high expansion metals like aluminum alloys and stainless steels, (b) learning more about how the dissolution of nitrogen in a glass can be affected by the processing conditions and glass compositions, (c) gaining more fundamental information for the structural role of nitrogen in phosphorus oxynitride glasses and its correlation with the properties of by oxynitride glasses, (d) investigating how oxide addition is compared to nitrogen dissolution in a glass in terms of chemical durability, thermal expansion and glass forming characteristics. The maximum nitrogen content achievable in phosphate glasses nitrided in ammonia depended not only on the time and temperature of remelting in ammonia, but also on the melt composition and the water content of the nitriding atmosphere. The presence of MO, M2O3 oxides, especially M2O3 oxides, in a glass melt limits the maximum nitrogen dissolution in the melt. The nitrogen content of some PONH glasses obtained from nitriding ammonium phosphate reached 17.8 wt%, while a glass containing ~ 10 mole% AL2O3 typically had a nitrogen content 1-3 wt%. Glasses containing Ag2O, PbO, Bi2O3 and Fe2O3 were not nitridable in dry ammonia. Metallic Ag, Pb and Bi were formed after nitriding in ammonia at 750-800°C for only 30 min. Many glass compositions in the system M2O-MO-M2O3 -P2O5 had a thermal expansion coefficient> 180xl0−7/°C and a dissolution rate in deionized water at 30°C 10−8gm/cm2" in and at 70°C
Author: Mary R. Reidmeyer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"The preparation techniques and properties of phosphorus oxynitride glasses produced from sodium metaphosphate and nitride compounds are reported. A preliminary survey of possible nitride additives to sodium metaphosphate is presented along with an extended study of the two most promising nitrides, AIN and Mg3N2. Properties reported include: nitrogen content, dissolution rate in water, thermal expansion coefficient, softening point, glass transformation temperature, density, refractive index, microhardness, and infrared absorption"--Abstract, leaf 1
Author: Mary R. Reidmeyer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"This dissertation contains the results of six years of research on phosphorus oxynitride glasses. The main body is composed of three papers to be submitted for publication; the first on the preparation and properties of sodium ultraphosphate glasses, the second a review of the phosphorus oxynitride glasses, and the third a structural model for nitrogen incorporation. Appendices A, B, and C contain reprints of three articles co-authored by this author which have already been published in various journals. Appendix A, "Preparation of Phosphorus Oxynitride Glasses," published in the Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids in 1986 describes the preparation of oxynitride glass made by melting sodium metaphosphate in anhydrous ammonia gas. Changes in the dissolution rate in water, thermal expansion coefficient, dilatometric softening point and glass transition temperatures, refractive index, microhardness, and electrical conductivity are reported. Models are proposed for nitrogen dissolution in phosphate melts. Appendix B, "Structure of Phosphorus Oxynitride Glasses," published in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society in 1987 resulted from the collaboration of researchers at Sandia National Laboratories, University of Illinois-Urbana and myself at the University of Missouri-Rolla. This author prepared and measured various chemical and thermal properties for the samples used for the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Raman measurements. The Raman analyses were performed at Sandia National Laboratories and the NMR spectra were measured at the University of Illinois-Urbana. Samples for the NMR measurements had to be prepared with 15N in the form of 15NH3. Because of the expense of 15N ammonia, this author developed a recirculating atmosphere furnace and other equipment to produce these special samples. These are the first phosphorus oxynitride glasses ever prepared with 15N. Appendix C, "Oxygen Bonding in Nitrided Sodium- and Lithium-Metaphosphate Glasses," published in the Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids in 1988 resulted from joint work between myself at the University of Missouri-Rolla and Dr. R.K. Brow at Sandia National Laboratories. Samples prepared by this author were used for the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements performed at Sandia National Laboratories. The XPS equipment was specially designed to collect spectra for structural analysis. The specimens were fractured in the ultra vacuum chamber of the XPS instrument in order to avoid surface contamination and damage which would obscure the structural information contained in the XPS spectra"--Abstract, leaves iv-v
Author: Bruce C. Bunker Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199384258 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 645
Book Description
The Aqueous Chemistry of Oxides is a comprehensive reference volume and special topics textbook that explores all of the major chemical reactions that take place between oxides and aqueous solutions. The book highlights the enormous impact that oxide-water reactions have in advanced technologies, materials science, geochemistry, and environmental science.
Author: M.H. Lewis Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400908172 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
The emergence of synthetic ceramics as a prominent class of materials with a unique combination of properties has been an important part of the materials-science scene over the past 20 years. These 'high-technology' ceramics have varied applications in areas utilizing their exceptional mechanical, thermal, optical, magnetic or electronic properties. A notable development of the 1970s was that of 'Si-based' ceramics (Si3N4' SiC and 'Sialons') as high-temperature engineering solids. More recently the zirconia-based ceramics have evolved as a class of material with significant improvements in fracture-toughness. In the 1980s we are on the threshold of development of ceramic-matrix composites with the promise of over coming major limitations in engineering design with 'brittle' ceramics and the development of novel properties unattainable with monolithic micro structures. Throughout this period there have been significant but less well-publicized developments in the field of glass-ceramics and glasses. It is the purpose of this publication to review selected topics within this important area of materials science. A key element in understanding the relation between properties and microstructure is a knowledge of atomic arrangement in ceramic phases. Recent developments in NMR and X-ray absorption spectroscopies have had considerable impact on studies of atomic co-ordination in glasses and crystalline ceramic materials and are reviewed in Chapters 1 and 2. Glass-ceramics are derived from the parent glasses by controlled crystal lization and have properties dictated, in part, by the efficiency of crystal nucleation within the glass volume.
Author: Pascal Richet Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118799429 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1573
Book Description
A comprehensive and up-to-date encyclopedia to the fabrication, nature, properties, uses, and history of glass The Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture has been designed to satisfy the needs and curiosity of a broad audience interested in the most varied aspects of material that is as old as the universe. As described in over 100 chapters and illustrated with 1100 figures, the practical importance of glass has increased over the ages since it was first man-made four millennia ago. The old-age glass vessels and window and stained glass now coexist with new high-tech products that include for example optical fibers, thin films, metallic, bioactive and hybrid organic-inorganic glasses, amorphous ices or all-solid-state batteries. In the form of scholarly introductions, the Encyclopedia chapters have been written by 151 noted experts working in 23 countries. They present at a consistent level and in a self-consistent manner these industrial, technological, scientific, historical and cultural aspects. Addressing the most recent fundamental advances in glass science and technology, as well as rapidly developing topics such as extra-terrestrial or biogenic glasses, this important guide: Begins with industrial glassmaking Turns to glass structure and to physical, transport and chemical properties Deals with interactions with light, inorganic glass families and organically related glasses Considers a variety of environmental and energy issues And concludes with a long section on the history of glass as a material from Prehistory to modern glass science The Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture has been written not only for glass scientists and engineers in academia and industry, but also for material scientists as well as for art and industry historians. It represents a must-have, comprehensive guide to the myriad aspects this truly outstanding state of matter.
Author: Ronald E. Loehman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 51
Book Description
Nitrogen has been partially substituted for oxygen in a wide variety of silicate systems to produce oxynitride glasses with improved properties. Nitrogen contents as high as 12 at% have been achieved. The glass-forming regions in the Y-Si-Al-O-N, Mg-Si-Al-O-N, and Ca-Si-Al-O-N systems have been investigated in detail, and those in the Si-Al-O-N, La-Si-Al-O-N, Li-Si-Al-O-N, and Sc-Si-Al-O-N systems have been studied to a lesser extent. For all compositions there is a consistent variation in properties with nitrogen content. The glass transition temperature, hardness, fracture toughness, and density all increase, and the thermal expansion coefficient decreases with increased nitrogen content. Those data, together with infrared spectroscopic results, are consistent with a structural model in which trivalent nitrogen substitutes for bivalent oxygen to give a greater degree of cross-linking in the glass network. The improved properties afforded by nitrogen substitution may lead to commercial applications for oxynitride glasses as hardened windows, high modulus glass fibers, leach-resistant coatings, and as joining compositions for nitrogen ceramics.
Author: J. David Musgraves Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3319937286 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1851
Book Description
This handbook provides comprehensive treatment of the current state of glass science from the leading experts in the field. Opening with an enlightening contribution on the history of glass, the volume is then divided into eight parts. The first part covers fundamental properties, from the current understanding of the thermodynamics of the amorphous state, kinetics, and linear and nonlinear optical properties through colors, photosensitivity, and chemical durability. The second part provides dedicated chapters on each individual glass type, covering traditional systems like silicates and other oxide systems, as well as novel hybrid amorphous materials and spin glasses. The third part features detailed descriptions of modern characterization techniques for understanding this complex state of matter. The fourth part covers modeling, from first-principles calculations through molecular dynamics simulations, and statistical modeling. The fifth part presents a range of laboratory and industrial glass processing methods. The remaining parts cover a wide and representative range of applications areas from optics and photonics through environment, energy, architecture, and sensing. Written by the leading international experts in the field, the Springer Handbook of Glass represents an invaluable resource for graduate students through academic and industry researchers working in photonics, optoelectronics, materials science, energy, architecture, and more.
Author: Yongren Benjamin Peng
Author: Yongren Benjamin Peng
Author: Mary R. Reidmeyer
Author: Mary R. Reidmeyer
Author: Bruce C. Bunker
Author: Susan M. Kauzlarich
Author: M.H. Lewis
Author: 
Author: Pascal Richet
Author: Ronald E. Loehman
Author: J. David Musgraves