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Author: Chenghao Feng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Integrated photonics is a promising technology for next-generation computing because of the essential characteristics of light, including low latency, high bandwidth, and low power consumption. In the past decades, Integrated photonics has evolved significantly over the past few decades, with abundant passive and active optical components offering ultrahigh bandwidth and ultralow power consumption. In addition, advancements in fabrication technologies have also enabled the co-integration of silicon-based electronic and photonic circuits on a chip, allowing for the realization of complex computing tasks with electrons and photons. Previous work reveals that photonic-electronic computing circuits have the potential to outperform transistor-based electronic computing circuits by orders of magnitude in speed and energy efficiency. However, the scalability of photonic-electronic circuits still requires improvement, which is critical to the success of optical computing in the post-Moore’s law era, especially given the need for this technology to compete with other emerging computing technologies. This dissertation proposes the development of scalable photonic-electronic integrated circuits that capitalize on the strengths of electrons and photons to facilitate high-speed, energy-efficient computing and intra-chip interconnects. We explore scaling technologies for photonic computing systems that optimize the area and energy efficiency, such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and demonstrate their effectiveness through experimental demonstrations. Our investigation of photonic-electronic computing circuits spans from the device to the architecture level and includes both digital and analog computing. We first introduce the building blocks of optical computing, including essential components like electro-optic modulators, and discuss general scaling technologies in silicon-based photonic-electronic computing circuit designs. We then present a WDM-based photonic-electronic digital comparator with experimental demonstrations that exhibit its practicality in performing high-performance arithmetic logic operations. Next, we investigate photonic-electronic circuits for intra-chip interconnect with a WDM-based photonic-electronic switching network. These photonic-electronic digital logic circuits can be operated at 20 Gb/s with experimental demonstrations. Additionally, we focus on optical analog computing and discuss scaling strategies for photonic-electronic analog computing circuits that can accelerate artificial intelligence (AI) tasks. We present a subspace optical neural network architecture that trades the universality of weight representation for better hardware usage, such as a smaller footprint and lower energy consumption. We experimentally demonstrate its utility using a butterfly-style photonic-electronic neural chip. Finally, we investigate device-level optimization of the optical neural network using a promising multi-operand optical neuron to further scale down the footprint of photonic neural chips. We conduct thorough performance discussions of these photonic-electronic computing circuits, demonstrating their potential to outperform transistor-based computing circuits in terms of computational speed and energy efficiency
Author: Chenghao Feng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Integrated photonics is a promising technology for next-generation computing because of the essential characteristics of light, including low latency, high bandwidth, and low power consumption. In the past decades, Integrated photonics has evolved significantly over the past few decades, with abundant passive and active optical components offering ultrahigh bandwidth and ultralow power consumption. In addition, advancements in fabrication technologies have also enabled the co-integration of silicon-based electronic and photonic circuits on a chip, allowing for the realization of complex computing tasks with electrons and photons. Previous work reveals that photonic-electronic computing circuits have the potential to outperform transistor-based electronic computing circuits by orders of magnitude in speed and energy efficiency. However, the scalability of photonic-electronic circuits still requires improvement, which is critical to the success of optical computing in the post-Moore’s law era, especially given the need for this technology to compete with other emerging computing technologies. This dissertation proposes the development of scalable photonic-electronic integrated circuits that capitalize on the strengths of electrons and photons to facilitate high-speed, energy-efficient computing and intra-chip interconnects. We explore scaling technologies for photonic computing systems that optimize the area and energy efficiency, such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and demonstrate their effectiveness through experimental demonstrations. Our investigation of photonic-electronic computing circuits spans from the device to the architecture level and includes both digital and analog computing. We first introduce the building blocks of optical computing, including essential components like electro-optic modulators, and discuss general scaling technologies in silicon-based photonic-electronic computing circuit designs. We then present a WDM-based photonic-electronic digital comparator with experimental demonstrations that exhibit its practicality in performing high-performance arithmetic logic operations. Next, we investigate photonic-electronic circuits for intra-chip interconnect with a WDM-based photonic-electronic switching network. These photonic-electronic digital logic circuits can be operated at 20 Gb/s with experimental demonstrations. Additionally, we focus on optical analog computing and discuss scaling strategies for photonic-electronic analog computing circuits that can accelerate artificial intelligence (AI) tasks. We present a subspace optical neural network architecture that trades the universality of weight representation for better hardware usage, such as a smaller footprint and lower energy consumption. We experimentally demonstrate its utility using a butterfly-style photonic-electronic neural chip. Finally, we investigate device-level optimization of the optical neural network using a promising multi-operand optical neuron to further scale down the footprint of photonic neural chips. We conduct thorough performance discussions of these photonic-electronic computing circuits, demonstrating their potential to outperform transistor-based computing circuits in terms of computational speed and energy efficiency
Author: Mahdi Nikdast Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000480119 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
Silicon photonics is beginning to play an important role in driving innovations in communication and computation for an increasing number of applications, from health care and biomedical sensors to autonomous driving, datacenter networking, and security. In recent years, there has been a significant amount of effort in industry and academia to innovate, design, develop, analyze, optimize, and fabricate systems employing silicon photonics, shaping the future of not only Datacom and telecom technology but also high-performance computing and emerging computing paradigms, such as optical computing and artificial intelligence. Different from existing books in this area, Silicon Photonics for High-Performance Computing and Beyond presents a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art technology and research achievements in applying silicon photonics for communication and computation. It focuses on various design, development, and integration challenges, reviews the latest advances spanning materials, devices, circuits, systems, and applications. Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Requirements and the latest advances in high-performance computing systems • Device- and system-level challenges and latest improvements to deploy silicon photonics in computing systems • Novel design solutions and design automation techniques for silicon photonic integrated circuits • Novel materials, devices, and photonic integrated circuits on silicon • Emerging computing technologies and applications based on silicon photonics Silicon Photonics for High-Performance Computing and Beyond presents a compilation of 19 outstanding contributions from academic and industry pioneers in the field. The selected contributions present insightful discussions and innovative approaches to understand current and future bottlenecks in high-performance computing systems and traditional computing platforms, and the promise of silicon photonics to address those challenges. It is ideal for researchers and engineers working in the photonics, electrical, and computer engineering industries as well as academic researchers and graduate students (M.S. and Ph.D.) in computer science and engineering, electronic and electrical engineering, applied physics, photonics, and optics.
Author: Jing Wang Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811333785 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
This book discusses some research results for CMOS-compatible silicon-based optical devices and interconnections. With accurate simulation and experimental demonstration, it provides insights on silicon-based modulation, advanced multiplexing, polarization and efficient coupling controlling technologies, which are widely used in silicon photonics. Researchers, scientists, engineers and especially students in the field of silicon photonics can benefit from the book. This book provides valuable knowledge, useful methods and practical design that can be considered in emerging silicon-based optical interconnections and communications. And it also give some guidance to student how to organize and complete an good dissertation.
Author: Eslam Elfiky Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"Global IP traffic will continue to grow in the foreseeable future. Different applications are driving demand for increased capacity such as cloud based services, video streaming services, and big data.Since 2008, most Internet traffic has originated or terminated in datacenters. As a result, datacenters have experienced unprecedented traffic increases, where datacenter traffic will reach more than 20.6 zettabytes by 2021, i.e., 3-fold increase since 2016. In response to demands to support capacity increases, there are significant worldwide research and commercialization efforts that are being directed toward developing high speed intra- and inter-datacenter optical interconnects (DCIs). Different material platforms are used to build optical transceivers including the silicon photonics (SiP) platform. The SiP platform has the potential to build compact, high yield, high performance, and low cost complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible transceivers. In this thesis, we explore devices and circuits for optical DCIs. This thesis can be divided into three parts. In the first part, we develop and demonstrate passive and active SiP components which are essential in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for optical transceivers. The first device is a 3-dB beam splitter based on multi-mode interference (MMI), where we present the device design and wafer-scale experimental results. Then, we include subwavelength gratings into an asymmetric MMI to enable compact, large bandwidth, and different splitting ratios. Using cascaded MMIs, we design a C-band polarization beam splitter for coherent PICs, where we demonstrate the advantages of using a cascaded MMI design in improving the device extinction ratio. Next, we present the detailed design and experimental results of a high yield and low insertion loss polarization splitter and rotator. Different variations of this design are demonstrated aiming at different performance metrics and operating bands. Finally, we present a variable optical attenuator based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure where a substrate undercut is added to the design to enable low power consumption. In the second part, we present PICs for 200 Gb/s and 400 Gb/s intra-datacenter optical interconnects. First, a 4-lane SiP transmitter is demonstrated based on four parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs). The crosstalk between the four MZMs is studied using small-signal and large-signal modulation. Driving the four MZMs simultaneously, 400 Gb/s aggregate rate can be achieved using relatively low voltage swing and simple digital signal processing (DSP). Then, we explore 200 Gb/s transmitters based on dual parallel multi-electrode MZMs (MEMZMs) to generate the PAM4 signal optically which results in a better signal to noise ratio compared to the electrical generation. Finally, we exploit the other polarization dimension by demonstrating a dual-polarization transmitter in a stokes vector direct detection experiment. More than 200 Gb/s can be achieved using this transmitter which doubles the capacity used for a classical intensity modulation/direct detection system and renders a better scalable approach for bitrates beyond 400 Gb/s. In the last part, we report system-level demonstrations targeting DCI applications. First, we present a single wavelength and polarization PAM4 transmission experiment using state of the art digital-to-analog converters (DACs), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and a lithium niobate MZM. Then, we present the first demonstration of a 400 Gb/s transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA) on the coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) grid. The TOSA performance is studied versus several parameters. Results show that we can achieve more than 600 Gb/s over 20 km of single mode fiber (SMF) without optical amplification"--
Author: Jason Orcutt Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128060662 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 59
Book Description
This chapter introduces optical interconnects as a possible solution to the emerging performance wall in high-density supercomputer applications, arising from limited bandwidth and density of on-chip interconnects and chip-to-chip (processor-to-memory) electrical interfaces. The chapter focuses on the translation of system and link level performance metrics to photonic component requirements. The topics to be developed include the network topology, photonic link components, circuit and system design for photonic links.
Author: Yang Ren Publisher: ISBN: Category : Photonics Languages : en Pages : 146
Book Description
In response to the continuous growth in the demand for higher speed and volume of data transmission, optical networks are evolving to become more elastic to maximize spectrum utility. This in turn is driving the development of flexible optical devices and circuits that can be reconfigured to adapt to fast changes in network conditions. Over the past decade, silicon photonics has gained widespread industry acceptance as a platform for photonic integrated circuits for optical communication, due to its low cost, potential for dense integration and compatibility with the CMOS fabrication process. In spite of its promising benefits, several important challenges remain in the development of flexible silicon photonic circuits, namely, broadband wavelength tunability, fast recon figurability, and scalability. This thesis addresses these issues through the development of flexible and scalable silicon photonic components for elastic optical networks, including a widely tunable reconfi gurable optical add-drop multiplexing (ROADM) circuit, a universal variable bandwidth optical filter, and a fast wavelength selection circuit. The ROADM circuit can provide wavelength reconfi gurability over more than 4 Tb/s data transmission bandwidth. The variable bandwidth filter is based on a novel microring-loaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer that can provide insertion loss-free bandwidth tuning by only tuning the microring resonant frequencies. The wavelength selection circuit combines the wide band tunability of thermo-optic microring filters with fast switching by free carrier injection to achieve best-case wavelength selection time of a few nanoseconds over a 32 nm wavelength range. As silicon photonic circuits grow in functionality and complexity, it also becomes necessary to monitor their performance and optical signal quality throughout the system. To address this issue, we proposed and investigated two novel methods for on-chip optical monitoring. The first method is the use of on-chip thermistors for tracking the centre wavelength and bandwidth of microring add/drop filters. The second method is the use of silicon photodetectors based on two-photon absorption for on-chip signal detection. These devices and methods can be seamlessly integrated into silicon photonic circuits for real-time monitoring of their performance.
Author: Tomasz Wojcicki Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466599103 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 486
Book Description
Recently the world celebrated the 60th anniversary of the invention of the first transistor. The first integrated circuit (IC) was built a decade later, with the first microprocessor designed in the early 1970s. Today, ICs are a part of nearly every aspect of our daily lives. They help us live longer and more comfortably, and do more, faster. All this is possible because of the relentless search for new materials, circuit designs, and ideas happening on a daily basis at industrial and academic institutions around the globe. Showcasing the latest advances in very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, VLSI: Circuits for Emerging Applications provides a balanced view of industrial and academic developments beyond silicon and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. From quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) to chips for cochlear implants, this must-have resource: Investigates the trend of combining multiple cores in a single chip to boost performance of the overall system Describes a novel approach to enable physically unclonable functions (PUFs) using intrinsic features of a VLSI chip Examines the VLSI implementations of major symmetric and asymmetric key cryptographic algorithms, hash functions, and digital signatures Discusses nonvolatile memories such as resistive random-access memory (Re-RAM), magneto-resistive RAM (MRAM), and floating-body RAM (FB-RAM) Explores organic transistors, soft errors, photonics, nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays, reversible computation, bioinformatics, asynchronous logic, and more VLSI: Circuits for Emerging Applications presents cutting-edge research, design architectures, materials, and uses for VLSI circuits, offering valuable insight into the current state of the art of micro- and nanoelectronics.
Author: Navid Asadizanjani Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0443185433 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
Materials for Electronics Security and Assurance reviews the properties of materials that could enable devices that are resistant to tampering and manipulation. The book discusses recent advances in materials synthesis and characterization techniques for security applications. Topics addressed include anti-reverse engineering, detection, prevention, track and trace, fingerprinting, obfuscation, and how materials could enable these security solutions. The book introduces opportunities and challenges and provides a clear direction of the requirements for material-based solutions to address electronics security challenges. It is suitable for materials scientists and engineers who seek to enable future research directions, current computer and hardware security engineers who want to enable materials selection, and as a way to inspire cross-collaboration between both communities. - Discusses materials as enablers to provide electronics assurance, counterfeit detection/protection, and fingerprinting - Provides an overview of benefits and challenges of materials-based security solutions to inspire future materials research directions - Includes an introduction to material perspectives on hardware security to enable cross collaboration between materials, design, and testing
Author: Sen Lin Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
Silicon photonic interconnects hold great promise in meeting the high bandwidth and low-energy demands of next-generation interconnects. System-level driven electronic-photonic co-design is the key to improving the bandwidth density and energy efficiency. In this study, a comprehensive co-optimization framework is developed for high-speed silicon photonic transmitters utilizing compact models and a detailed optical simulation framework. Given technology and link constraints, microring and Mach-Zehnder transmitter designs are optimized and compared based on a unified optical phase shifter model. Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and pulse-amplitude-modulation-4 (PAM-4) modulation schemes are analyzed and compared for microring-based transmitters. Using the co-design approach, a monolithic 40Gb/s optical NRZ transmitter based on microring modulators is designed and demonstrated in zero-change 45nm CMOS SOI process. Electronic-photonic co-design with the high swing driver enables this transmitter to achieve total energy efficiency of 330fJ/b and the photonics and modulator driver area bandwidth density of 6.7 Tb/s/mm2. This dissertation also discusses the design and demonstration of the first full silicon photonic interconnect on a 3D integrated electronic-photonic platform. These results make the microring-based silicon photonic transceivers an attractive solution for the next-generation inter and intra-rack photonic interconnects. Finally, a short-reach laser-forwarding coherent link architecture is proposed to further improve the energy efficiency of silicon photonic interconnects. The key concepts of the proposed architecture are verified experimentally with microring-based silicon photonic transmitters. The architecture saves the laser power by 6-7.5x and could enable complex modulation schemes for the future short-reach optical links.
Author: Weixia Xu Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811518505 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23rd CCF Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology, NCCET 2019, held in Enshi, China, in August 2019. The 21 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 87 submissions. They address important and emerging challenges in the field of computer engineering and technology.
Author: Chenghao Feng
Author: Chenghao Feng
Author: Mahdi Nikdast
Author: Jing Wang
Author: Eslam Elfiky
Author: Jason Orcutt
Author: Yang Ren
Author: Tomasz Wojcicki
Author: Navid Asadizanjani
Author: Sen Lin
Author: Weixia Xu