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Author: Alan E. S. Kemp Publisher: Geological Society of London ISBN: 9781897799673 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
The magnitude and causes of decadal to century-scale changes in climate are major issues of global concern. The separation of anthropogenically driven change from natural 'baseline' variability within the atmosphere/ocean system is a prerequisite to identifying human impact on global climate. An understanding of past climate variability is therefore a key to predicting future climate change. The sedimentary record of the oceans, seas and lakes is produced by a series of depositional events that occur on seasonal timescales but can rarely be resolved due to mixing of the sediment by bottomdwelling organisms. Where they are preserved, laminated sediments act like tree rings to record these seasonal-scale processes, such as plankton blooms and floods, and provide a uniquely high-resolution record of environmental change. In addition, annually laminated or 'varved' sediment sequences act as geochronometers against which other timescales can be tested. Laminated sediments may therefore be used to develop records of interannual and decadal-scale variability which serve to test models of climate change. The authors cover a range of topics that include strategies for study and techniques of analysis. A series of case studies, dealing with a variety of lacustrine and marine records, illustrates the wide potential of laminated sediments as palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic indicators.
Author: Alan E. S. Kemp Publisher: Geological Society of London ISBN: 9781897799673 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
The magnitude and causes of decadal to century-scale changes in climate are major issues of global concern. The separation of anthropogenically driven change from natural 'baseline' variability within the atmosphere/ocean system is a prerequisite to identifying human impact on global climate. An understanding of past climate variability is therefore a key to predicting future climate change. The sedimentary record of the oceans, seas and lakes is produced by a series of depositional events that occur on seasonal timescales but can rarely be resolved due to mixing of the sediment by bottomdwelling organisms. Where they are preserved, laminated sediments act like tree rings to record these seasonal-scale processes, such as plankton blooms and floods, and provide a uniquely high-resolution record of environmental change. In addition, annually laminated or 'varved' sediment sequences act as geochronometers against which other timescales can be tested. Laminated sediments may therefore be used to develop records of interannual and decadal-scale variability which serve to test models of climate change. The authors cover a range of topics that include strategies for study and techniques of analysis. A series of case studies, dealing with a variety of lacustrine and marine records, illustrates the wide potential of laminated sediments as palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic indicators.
Author: Cary Mock Publisher: Newnes ISBN: 0444536426 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 3883
Book Description
The second revised edition of the Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, Four Volume Set, provides both students and professionals with an up-to-date reference work on this important and highly varied area of research. There are lots of new articles, and many of the articles that appeared in the first edition have been updated to reflect advances in knowledge since 2006, when the original articles were written. The second edition will contain about 375 articles, written by leading experts around the world. This major reference work is richly illustrated with more than 3,000 illustrations, most of them in colour. Research in the Quaternary sciences has advanced greatly in the last 10 years, especially since topics like global climate change, geologic hazards and soil erosion were put high on the political agenda. This second edition builds upon its award-winning predecessor to provide the reader assured quality along with essential updated coverage Contains 357 broad-ranging articles (4310 pages) written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the field. Facilitates teaching and learning The first edition was regarded by many as the most significant single overview of Quaternary science ever, yet Editor-in-Chief, Scott Elias, has managed to surpass that in this second edition by securing even more expert reviews whilst retaining his renowned editorial consistency that enables readers to navigates seamlessly from one unfamiliar topic to the next
Author: Gerhard Fischer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642586465 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 768
Book Description
Paleoceanographic proxies provide infonnation for reconstructions of the past, including climate changes, global and regional oceanography, and the cycles of biochemical components in the ocean. These prox ies are measurable descriptors for desired but unobservable environmental variables such as tempera ture, salinity, primary productivity, nutrient content, or surface-water carbon dioxide concentrations. The proxies are employed in a manner analogous to oceanographic methods. The water masses are first characterized according to their specific physical and chemical properties, and then related to particular assemblages of certain organisms or to particular element or isotope distributions. We have a long-standing series of proven proxies available. Marine microfossil assemblages, for instance, are employed to reconstruct surface-water temperatures. The calcareous shells of planktonic and benthic microorgan isms contain a wealth of paleoceanographic information in their isotopic and elemental compositions. Stable oxygen isotope measurements are used to detennine ice volume, and MglCa ratios are related to water temperatures, to cite a few examples. Organic material may also provide valuable infonnation, e. g. , about past productivity conditions. Studying the stable carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter or individual marine organic components may provide a measure of past surface-water CO 2 conditions within the bounds of certain assumptions. Within the scope of paleoceanographic investigations, the existing proxies are continuously evolving and improving, while new proxies are being studied and developed. The methodology is improved by analysis of samples from the water column and surface sediments, and through laboratory experiments.
Author: John Allen Howe Publisher: Geological Society of London ISBN: 9781862393127 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 394
Book Description
"The current volume brings together a selection of papers which have variously, but not exclusively, been presented in recent years at one of three international meetings on the theme of Fjords. The first of these meetings on 'Fjord environments: past, present and future' was held as a workshop ...The second meeting was convened as a formal session (CGC-13) entitles 'Fjords: climate and environmental change' ..The third of these meetings, the 2nd International workshop on the theme Fjord environments: past, present and future ..." --p. [1].
Author: Thomas M. Cronin Publisher: Columbia University Press ISBN: 9780231109543 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 584
Book Description
Using the geologic records of ocean and lake sediment, ice cores, corals, and other natural archives, Principles of Paleoclimatology describes the history of the Earth's climate--the ice age cycles, sea level changes, volcanic activity, changes in atmosphere and solar radiation--and the resulting, sometimes catastrophic, biotic responses.
Author: Peter D. Clift Publisher: Geological Society of London ISBN: 9781862391116 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 544
Book Description
The Arabian Sea region has several features that make it the best area for studies of climate and palaeoceanographic responses to tectonic activity, most notably in the context of the South Asian monsoon and its relationship to the growth of high topography in the adjacent Himalayas and Tibet. The papers range from high resolution, holocene palaeoceanographic studies of the Pakistan margin to regional tectonic reconstructions of the ocean basin and surrounding margins throughout the Cenozoic.
Author: Raymond S. Bradley Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123869951 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 696
Book Description
Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary, Third Edition—winner of a 2015 Textbook Excellence Award (Texty) from The Text and Academic Authors Association—provides a thorough overview of the methods of paleoclimatic reconstruction and of the historical changes in climate during the past three million years. This thoroughly updated and revised edition systematically examines each type of proxy and elucidates the major attributes and the limitations of each. Paleoclimatology, Third Edition provides necessary context for those interested in understanding climate changes at present and how current trends in climate compare with changes that have occurred in the past. The text is richly illustrated and includes an extensive bibliography for further research. - Winner of a 2015 Texty Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association - A comprehensive overview of the methods of paleoclimate reconstruction, and the record of past changes in climate during the last ~3 million years - Addresses all the techniques used in paleoclimatic reconstruction from climate proxies - With full-color throughout, and thoroughly revised chapters on dating methods, climate forcing, ice cores, marine sediments, pollen analysis, dendroclimatology, and historical records - Includes new chapters on speleothems, loess, and lake sediments - More than 1,000 new references and 190 new figures - Essential reading for those interested in how present trends in climate compare with changes that have occurred in the past
Author: Eugene Domack Publisher: American Geophysical Union ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Antarctic Research Series, Volume 79. The Antarctic Peninsula region represents our best natural laboratory to investigate how earth's major climate systems interact and how such systems respond to rapid regional warming. The scale of environmental changes now taking place across the region is large and their pace rapid but the subsystems involved are still small enough to observe and accurately document cause and affect mechanisms. For example, clarification of ice shelf stability via the Larsen Ice Shelf is vital to understanding the entire Antarctic Ice Sheet, its climate evolution, and its response to and control of sea level. By encompassing the broadest range of interdisciplinary studies, this volume provides the global change research and educational communities a framework in which to advance our knowledge of the causes behind regional warming, the dramatic glacial and ecological responses, and the potential uniqueness of the event within the region's paleoclimate record. The volume also serves as a vital resource for public policy and governmental funding agencies as well as a means to educate the large number of ecotourists that visit the region each austral summer.
Author: Mike Walker Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118700090 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 311
Book Description
This introductory textbook introduces the basics of dating, the range of techniques available and the strengths and limitations of each of the principal methods. Coverage includes: the concept of time in Quaternary Science and related fields the history of dating from lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy the development and application of radiometric methods different methods in dating: radiometric dating, incremental dating, relative dating and age equivalence Presented in a clear and straightforward manner with the minimum of technical detail, this text is a great introduction for both students and practitioners in the Earth, Environmental and Archaeological Sciences. Praise from the reviews: "This book is a must for any Quaternary scientist." SOUTH AFRICAN GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL, September 2006 “...very well organized, clearly and straightforwardly written and provides a good overview on the wide field of Quaternary dating methods...” JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE, January 2007
Author: Alan E. S. Kemp
Author: Alan E. S. Kemp
Author: Cary Mock
Author: Gerhard Fischer
Author: John Allen Howe
Author: Thomas M. Cronin
Author: Peter D. Clift
Author: Raymond S. Bradley
Author: Eugene Domack
Author: Mike Walker
Author: Catherine A. Rigsby