Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
A Gamma Spectroscopy Logging System (GSLS) has been developed to study sub-surface radionuclide contamination. The absolute counting efficiencies of the GSLS detectors were determined using cylindrical reference sources. More complex borehole geometries were modeled using commercially available shielding software and correction factors were developed based on relative gamma-ray fluence rates. Examination of varying porosity and moisture content showed that as porosity increases, and as the formation saturation ratio decreases, relative gamma-ray fluence rates increase linearly for all energies. Correction factors for iron and water cylindrical shields were found to agree well with correction factors determined during previous studies allowing for the development of correction factors for type-304 stainless steel and low-carbon steel casings. Regression analyses of correction factor data produced equations for determining correction factors applicable to spectral gamma-ray well logs acquired under non-standard borehole conditions.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 71
Book Description
A Gamma Spectroscopy Logging System (GSLS) has been developed to study sub-surface radionuclide contamination. Absolute efficiency calibration of the GSLS was performed using simple cylindrical borehole geometry. The calibration source incorporated naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) that emitted photons ranging from 186-keV to 2,614-keV. More complex borehole geometries were modeled using commercially available shielding software. A linear relationship was found between increasing source thickness and relative photon fluence rates at the detector. Examination of varying porosity and moisture content showed that as porosity increases, relative photon fluence rates increase linearly for all energies. Attenuation effects due to iron, water, PVC, and concrete cylindrical shields were found to agree with previous studies. Regression analyses produced energy-dependent equations for efficiency corrections applicable to spectral gamma-ray well logs collected under non-standard borehole conditions.
Author: A. A. Fitch Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400992246 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
This is a collection of original papers, each by an expert in his field. They deal with different sectors of recent geophysical development. It may be, at first, difficult to see what else unites them, and how these several technologies can contribute to an integrated exploration process. What brings these writers together is that they have all contributed to the improvement of what comes to the eye of the geophysical interpreter. Some of the improvement is achieved at the data-gathering stage, some of it in processing, and in presentation. For all of this improvement interpreters in general are most grateful. The editor is appreciative in a quite personal way, not only of the advances in technology, but also of the effort in writing which has been made by these busy contributors, and so created this collection. Something can be said here about interpretation and the environment in which it is carried out, since it represents the field where the results of these technical developments are ultimately tested. In the commercial world it is from the geophysical interpreter that management learns the results of a large sector of exploration expenditure, and learns them in a form on which still larger expenditures on later phases of exploration can be based.
Author: Jay Tittman Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323160557 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 186
Book Description
Geophysical Well Logging is a three-chapter text that discusses the physics of well logging measurements. This book describes the techniques universally used in formation evaluation, including electrical, nuclear, and sonic techniques. Chapter 1 deals with the special features of logging measurements, tool design, and the relation between logging and coring. This chapter also examines the hostile downhole environment as basic sonde configurations and combination tools. Chapter 2 discusses elementary interpretation principles, the role of logging in formation evaluation, and the uninitiated to the motivation for the wide variety of measurements found in practice. Chapter 3 investigates the physics behind electrode and induction methods for measuring electrical resistivity, as well as the concepts of geometric factor, skin effect, focused measurements, and pseudo-geometric factor. It also considers significant topics on neutron transport and moderation and their application to neutron sonde design and logging measurements; gamma-ray transport and its application to density and photoelectric-absorption logging; methods for the measurement of gamma-ray spectra; and scintillation and germanium spectrometers. This chapter further explores the body and borehole waves of the sonic methods; waves in porous media; conventional interval-transit-time techniques; and full-waveform analysis methods. Physicists, chemists, and engineers who are interested in geophysical field-measurement methods will greatly benefit from this book.
Author: Philippe P. Theys Publisher: Editions TECHNIP ISBN: 2710807483 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 482
Book Description
While the first well logs recorded seventy years ago had no provision for data quality control, the development of increasingly sophisticated logging techniques has led to the introduction of a large number of tests to validate acquired data. Log quality can be assured by stringent control of depth, calibrations, signal processing and operating procedures. This work gives a thorough description of these features. The meaningful interpretation of well logs depends on valid input. An understanding of log acquisition, and the performance of rigorous quality checks are the prerequisites for an accurate evaluation of a formation. These elements also enable log users to make decisions based on calculated risks. The book is primarily written for earth science specialists who use log data. It also addresses the needs of logging engineers who seek a better understanding of the log acquisition process. Exercises and their solutions are scattered in the book to complement practical chapters. Contents : I. Premises. 1. Introduction. 2. Evaluation of hydrocarbon volume. 3. Data collection and decision-making. 4. Elements of metrology I: error analysis. 5. Elements of metrology II: volume considerations. 6. Elements of metrology III: other attributes. 7. Mathematical preliminary: propagation of errors. II. Data acquisition. 8. Data acquisition. 9. Sensor and source technology. 10. Effect of measurement duration on precision. 11. Signal processing: filtering. 12. Enhancement of vertical resolution through processing. 13. Tool response. 14. Environmental corrections. 15. The real environment. 16. Density logging. 17. Calibration. 18. Monitoring of tool behavior. 19. Measurement of depth. 20. Directional surveys. III. Data quality control. 21. Data quality plan. 22. Completeness of information. 23. Data management. 24. Log quality checks. 25. Data quality evaluation. 26. Images and nuclear magnetic resonance. 27. Comparison of logged data with other information. 28. Optimum logging and uncertainty management. Bibliography. Index.
Author: Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1428918744 Category : Languages : en Pages : 245
Book Description
The Office of Environmental Management's (EM) technical reports bibliography is an annual publication that contains information on scientific and technical reports sponsored by the Office of Environmental Management added to the Energy Science and Technology Database from July 1, 1994 through June 30, 1995. This information is divided into the following categories: Focus Areas, Cross-Cutting Programs, and Support Programs. In addition, a category for general information is included. EM's Office of Science and Technology sponsors this bibliography.
Author: Robert Desbrandes Publisher: Editions OPHRYS ISBN: 9782710804642 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 434
Book Description
"The aim of this book is to provide students, trainees and engineers with a manual covering all wel-logging measurements ranging from drilling to production, from oil to minerals going by way of geothermal energy. Each chapter is necessarily a summary, especially in the field of conventional measurements which are effectively described by service companies and some authors, but each topic can be followed further by means of the bibliographic lists which give the best references in each field."--Preface
Author: Darwin V. Ellis Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402037384 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 697
Book Description
The first edition of this book demystified the process of well log analysis for students, researchers and practitioners. In the two decades since, the industry has changed enormously: technical staffs are smaller, and hydrocarbons are harder to locate, quantify, and produce. New drilling techniques have engendered new measurement devices incorporated into the drilling string. Corporate restructuring and the "graying" of the workforce have caused a scarcity in technical competence involved in the search and exploitation of petroleum. The updated 2nd Edition reviews logging measurement technology developed in the last twenty years, and expands the petrophysical applications of the measurements.
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Author: A. A. Fitch
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Author: Robert Desbrandes
Author: Darwin V. Ellis