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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The authors are examining various spinel-structured thin films (e.g., Cd[sub 2]SnO[sub 4], Zn[sub 2]SnO[sub 4]) to develop higher-quality transparent conducting oxides (TCO) than more conventional materials such as indium tin oxide. Here, the authors report on cadmium indate (CdIn[sub 2]O[sub 4], CIO), which is another member of this family. Thin films of CIO were deposited by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, from an oxide target, onto borosilicate glass substrates. The variables included the substrate temperature, sputtering gas composition, and pressure. Film properties were measured before and after heat treatment. Characterization involved Hall effect measurements, optical and infrared spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, and atomic-force microscopy. Film resistivities as low as 2.3[times] 10[sup[minus]4][Omega] cm were achieved for a film thickness of 0.55[micro]m. The transmittance was 90% in the visible region of the spectrum, without correction for substrate losses and without an anti-reflection coating. The plasma resonance occurred at longer wavelengths than for other materials and this, with a bandgap of approximately 3.1 eV, presents a wide window for optical transmittance. The highest mobility was 54 cm[sup 2] V[sup[minus]1] s[sup[minus]1] and the highest carrier concentration was 7.5[times] 10[sup 20] cm[sup[minus]3].
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The authors are examining various spinel-structured thin films (e.g., Cd[sub 2]SnO[sub 4], Zn[sub 2]SnO[sub 4]) to develop higher-quality transparent conducting oxides (TCO) than more conventional materials such as indium tin oxide. Here, the authors report on cadmium indate (CdIn[sub 2]O[sub 4], CIO), which is another member of this family. Thin films of CIO were deposited by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, from an oxide target, onto borosilicate glass substrates. The variables included the substrate temperature, sputtering gas composition, and pressure. Film properties were measured before and after heat treatment. Characterization involved Hall effect measurements, optical and infrared spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, and atomic-force microscopy. Film resistivities as low as 2.3[times] 10[sup[minus]4][Omega] cm were achieved for a film thickness of 0.55[micro]m. The transmittance was 90% in the visible region of the spectrum, without correction for substrate losses and without an anti-reflection coating. The plasma resonance occurred at longer wavelengths than for other materials and this, with a bandgap of approximately 3.1 eV, presents a wide window for optical transmittance. The highest mobility was 54 cm[sup 2] V[sup[minus]1] s[sup[minus]1] and the highest carrier concentration was 7.5[times] 10[sup 20] cm[sup[minus]3].
Author: David Ginley Publisher: ISBN: Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 632
Book Description
There has been considerable progress in the development of thin-film photovoltaic devices with new efficiency records and enhanced durability. These achievements are the result of significant advances in the fundamental understanding of the materials, interfaces and devices. With 18 countries represented, this truly international volume brings together engineers and researchers from academic, industrial and national laboratories worldwide to review different materials systems and address common issues and problems. A wide variety of topics related to the development of thin-film photovoltaic and related devices, including thick-film transistors and materials for flat-panel displays, are addressed. Areas of emphasis include materials synthesis, device fabrication and characterization, and modelling. Topics include: thin-film amorphous silicon devices; thin-film silicon devices; thin-film devices based on copper-indium diselenide; cadmium-telluride devices; transparent conductive oxides and related materials for thin-film devices; and novel concepts for thin-film photovoltaics.
Author: Dr. B. Radhakrishna Publisher: Lulu.com ISBN: 0359510280 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
Badeker in 1907 observed that some materials are optically transparent in the visible light and electrically conducting [1]. Because of the increasing interest in electrically and electronically active materials, the search for materials and the techniques for producing semi-transparent electrically conducting films have gained much importance. In an intrinsic stoichiometric material, it is not possible to have simultaneously high transparency (>80%%) in the visible region and high electrical conductivity (>103 Ω cm-1). A variety of metals in thin film form (
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 7
Book Description
Indium doped cadmium oxide (CdO:In) films with different In concentrations were prepared on low-cost glass substrates by pulsed filtered cathodic arc deposition (PFCAD). It is shown that polycrystalline CdO:In films with smooth surface and dense structure are obtained. In-doping introduces extra electrons leading to remarkable improvements of electron mobility and conductivity, as well as improvement in the optical transmittance due to the Burstein Moss effect. CdO:In films on glass substrates with thickness near 230 nm show low resistivity of 7.23 10-5 cm, high electron mobility of 142 cm2/Vs, and mean transmittance over 80percent from 500-1250 nm (including the glass substrate). These high quality pulsed arc-grown CdO:In films are potentially suitable for high efficiency multi-junction solar cells that harvest a broad range of the solar spectrum.
Author: Angela Piegari Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0081020996 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 862
Book Description
Optical Thin Films and Coatings: From Materials to Applications, Second Edition, provides an overview of thin film materials and their properties, design and manufacture across a wide variety of application areas. Sections explore their design and manufacture and their unconventional features, including the scattering properties of random structures in thin films, optical properties at short wavelengths, thermal properties and color effects. Other chapters focus on novel materials, including organic optical coatings, surface multiplasmonics, optical thin films containing quantum dots, and optical coatings, including laser components, solar cells, displays and lighting, and architectural and automotive glass. The book presents a technical resource for researchers and engineers working with optical thin films and coatings. It is also ideal for professionals in the security, automotive, space and other industries who need an understanding of the topic. - Provides thorough review of applications of optical coatings including laser components, solar cells, glazing, displays and lighting - One-stop reference that addresses deposition techniques, properties, and applications of optical thin films and coatings - Novel methods, suggestions for analysis, and applications makes this a valuable resource for experts in the field as well
Author: Antonio Facchetti Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780470710593 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 470
Book Description
The challenge for producing “invisible” electronic circuitry and opto-electronic devices is that the transistor materials must be transparent to visible light yet have good carrier mobilities. This requires a special class of materials having “contra-indicated properties” because from the band structure point of view, the combination of transparency and conductivity is contradictory. Structured to strike a balance between introductory and advanced topics, this monograph juxtaposes fundamental science and technology / application issues, and essential materials characteristics versus device architecture and practical applications. The first section is devoted to fundamental materials compositions and their properties, including transparent conducting oxides, transparent oxide semiconductors, p-type wide-band-gap semiconductors, and single-wall carbon nanotubes. The second section deals with transparent electronic devices including thin-film transistors, photovoltaic cells, integrated electronic circuits, displays, sensors, solar cells, and electro-optic devices. Describing scientific fundamentals and recent breakthroughs such as the first “invisible” transistor, Transparent Electronics: From Synthesis to Applications brings together world renowned experts from both academia, national laboratories, and industry.
Author: Juan M. Coronado Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1447150619 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
Research for the development of more efficient photocatalysts has experienced an almost exponential growth since its popularization in early 1970’s. Despite the advantages of the widely used TiO2, the yield of the conversion of sun power into chemical energy that can be achieved with this material is limited prompting the research and development of a number of structural, morphological and chemical modifications of TiO2 , as well as a number of novel photocatalysts with very different composition. Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications provides a systematic account of the current understanding of the relationships between the physicochemical properties of the catalysts and photoactivity. The already long list of photocatalysts phases and their modifications is increasing day by day. By approaching this field from a material sciences angle, an integrated view allows readers to consider the diversity of photocatalysts globally and in connection with other technologies. Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications provides a valuable road-map, outlining the common principles lying behind the diversity of materials, but also delimiting the imprecise border between the contrasted results and the most speculative studies. This broad approach makes it ideal for specialist but also for engineers, researchers and students in related fields.
Author: Jameel M. Al-Khayri Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030736067 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 595
Book Description
This book provides up-to-date knowledge of the promising field of Nanobiotechnology with emphasis on the mitigation approaches to combat plant abiotic stress factors, including drought, salinity, waterlog, temperature extremes, mineral nutrients, and heavy metals. These factors adversely affect the growth as well as yield of crop plants worldwide, especially under the global climate change. Nanobiotechnology is viewed to revolutionize crop productivity in future. The chapters discuss the status and prospects of this cutting-edge technology toward understanding tolerance mechanisms, including signaling molecules and enzymes regulation in addition to the applications of Nanobiotechnology to combat individual abiotic stress factors.
Author: G. W. A. Dummer Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483145212 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
Electronic Inventions and Discoveries: Electronics from Its Earliest Beginnings to the Present Day provides a summary of the development of the whole field of electronics. Organized into 13 chapters, the book covers and reviews the history of electronics as a whole and its aspects. The opening chapter covers the beginnings of electronics, while the next chapter discusses the development of components, transistors, and integrated circuits. The third chapter tackles the expansion of electronics and its effects on industry. The succeeding chapters discuss the history of the aspects of electronics, such as audio and sound reproduction, radio and telecommunications, radar, television, computers, robotics, information technology, and industrial and other applications. Chapter 10 provides a lists of electronic inventions according to subject, while Chapter 11 provides a concise description of each invention by date order. Chapter 12 enumerates the inventors of electronic devices. The last chapter provides a list of books about inventions and inventors. This book will appeal to readers who are curious about the development of electronics throughout history.
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Author: David Ginley
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Author: Dr. B. Radhakrishna
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Author: Angela Piegari
Author: Antonio Facchetti
Author: Juan M. Coronado
Author: Jameel M. Al-Khayri
Author: G. W. A. Dummer