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Author: H. Gratkowski Publisher: ISBN: Category : Forests and forestry Languages : en Pages : 56
Book Description
Herbicides were tested on 16 common shrubs and weed trees during the past 24 years. The woody plants included snowbrush ceanothus, deerbrush ceanothus, mountain whitethorn, varnishleaf ceanothus, sprouting and nonsprouting forms of greenleaf manzanita, hairy manzanita, hoary manzanita, golden chinkapin, golden evergreenchinkapin, Saskatoon serviceberry, Pacific madrone, salmonberry, western thimbleberry, scrub tanoak, and canyon live oak. Chemicals tested included 2,4-D, dichlorprop, 2,4,5-T, silvex, 2,4-DB, amitrole, amitrole-T, 2,3,6-TBA, AMS, picloram, KreniteTM, triclopyr, and an experimental carbamate compound. Low volatile esters of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T proved the most effective and versatile herbicides for silvicultural use in western Oregon. Results of the screening tests are related to comparable data from small plot tests and project-scale aerial spray trials. To aid silviculturists, useful treatments and the most effective herbicide are shown in bold-face type for each shrub and weed tree.
Author: H. Gratkowski Publisher: ISBN: Category : Forests and forestry Languages : en Pages : 56
Book Description
Herbicides were tested on 16 common shrubs and weed trees during the past 24 years. The woody plants included snowbrush ceanothus, deerbrush ceanothus, mountain whitethorn, varnishleaf ceanothus, sprouting and nonsprouting forms of greenleaf manzanita, hairy manzanita, hoary manzanita, golden chinkapin, golden evergreenchinkapin, Saskatoon serviceberry, Pacific madrone, salmonberry, western thimbleberry, scrub tanoak, and canyon live oak. Chemicals tested included 2,4-D, dichlorprop, 2,4,5-T, silvex, 2,4-DB, amitrole, amitrole-T, 2,3,6-TBA, AMS, picloram, KreniteTM, triclopyr, and an experimental carbamate compound. Low volatile esters of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T proved the most effective and versatile herbicides for silvicultural use in western Oregon. Results of the screening tests are related to comparable data from small plot tests and project-scale aerial spray trials. To aid silviculturists, useful treatments and the most effective herbicide are shown in bold-face type for each shrub and weed tree.
Author: Hgratkowski Hgratkowski Publisher: Palala Press ISBN: 9781378950999 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 54
Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Michael Newton Publisher: ISBN: Category : Weeds Languages : en Pages : 174
Book Description
More than one-fourth of the forest land in the Pacific Northwest is growing timber at reduced capacity as the result of brush encroachment. Increasing use of chemicals in brush control requires that more information be available regarding their use. Bigleaf maple, Oregon oak and vine maple are among the more noxious brush species in the Willamette Valley area. This thesis summarizes the progress which has been made in the control of these species by the Forest Research Division. Aerial sprays have been found satisfactory in many areas for broadcast spraying of low brush cover. Basal sprays and ground level foliage sprays are used on weed trees and tall brush. Topography is also a major consideration in choice of method. Effectiveness of the herbicide is determined by climate, season, species, specific chemical, formulation, diluent, concentration, and many unknown factors. Most of the treatments in this project were applied to individual stems. Many of the tests were established in order to find the most effective chemical for a given situation; others expand on information gained in earlier trials. On large trees, applications were made both basally and in frills; also in bands around the boles at breast height with paste type herbicides. Smaller shrubs were treated with foliage sprays, dormant cane sprays, and individual stem sprays. The treatments were located on Bureau of Land Management land near Scio, Oregon, and in the McDonald Forest. Aerial spray projects conducted by the Bureau of Land Management in the Cascades and in the Coast Range have been included in these observations. Bigleaf maple was killed very successfully with basal sprays of 2-(2,4,5-TP) in oil in a mixture of 32 ahg. It is very likely that much lower dosages will prove adequate. Maple stems up to eight inches d.b.h. were well controlled with 2,4,5-T applied in a similar manner. Girdling has not proved to be an adequate method of control because of basal resprouting and delayed top-kill. Frilling followed with a dilute spray (22ahg) of 2-(2,4,5-TP) in kerosene gave good control. However, the cost of application is higher than for a similar basal spray. Paste herbicides were largely rather ineffective except for kilbrush applied in September. Oregon oak has proven more difficult to kill with basal sprays than maple. However, 2-(2,4,5-TP) and 2,4-D amine in frills have both provided complete top killing. 2-(2,4,5-TP) gave the better sprout control. Kilbrush gave good results on small stems when applied in August. Scarification of the bark prior to treatment proved to be the most dependable method. Vine maple has been top-killed by 2,4,5-T, 2-(2,4,5-TP) and brushkiller mixtures in many forms and concentrations. Sprouting has not been controlled completely by any of these but 2,4,5-T is the most effective in this respect. Aerial sprays of four pounds per acre of 2,4,5-T in some cases have caused nearly complete top-kill, and considerable sprout retardation. Snowbrush has been completely killed by 2,4,5-T with foliage and with step sprays. A Bureau of Land Management aerial spray project using four pounds per acre of 2,4,5-T gave 100 per cent kill of this species. Cherry, elderberry, thimbleberry, poison oak and madrone can be effectively top-killed with 2,4,5-T as basal or foliage spray. Sprout control has been relatively poor on most of these species. Grass competition to young seedlings can be reduced with several chemicals. Tree survival is consistently higher, however, when the minimum amount of grass herbicide is applied which will reduce grass density to approximately 60 per cent of normal. Soil sterilization reduces tree survival. The use of herbicides as a forest management tool has increased rapidly in recent years. Public acceptance of the value of this tool and further refinements in techniques can provide much needed relief for the brush problem in out forests.
Author: H. Gratkowski Publisher: ISBN: Category : Forests and forestry Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
After a brief description of silvicultural problems, the author tells how to prescribe herbicidal sprays for aerial, application in Pacific Northwest forests. The publication offers a detailed discussion of the five basic considerations: (1) selection of the best herbicide or herbicides, (2) amount of herbicide to be applied per acre, (3) carriers, (4) volume of spray per acre, and (5) seasons for application of aerial sprays. Appendixes provide standard treatments for many common silvicultural problems in site preparation and to release young conifers from shrub and weed tree competition. Also included is a glossary of agricultural chemical terms and a list of abbreviations used in brush control literature. This is a working manual for silviculturists based upon more than 20 years research and experience of Federal, State, and industrial foresters. It provides much information not generally available in the literature and tells how to use this knowledge in Pacific Northwest silviculture. Although designed primarily for the Pacific Northwest, the basic information should be useful in culture of coniferous forests far outside this region.
Author: Robert E. L. Naylor Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470750383 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 432
Book Description
Weed Management Handbook updates the 8th edition of Weed Control Handbook (1990). The change in the title and contents of the book from previous editions reflects both the current emphasis on producing crops in a sustainable and environmentally-friendly manner, and the new weed management challenges presenting themselves. This landmark publication contains cutting edge chapters, each written by acknowledged experts in their fields and carefully drawn together and edited by Professor Robert Naylor, known and respected world-wide for his knowledge of the area. The sequence of chapters included reflects a progression from the biology of weeds, through the underpinning science and technology relating to weed management techniques including herbicides and their application to crops, leading to principles of weed management techniques. Finally a set of relevant case studies describes the main management options available and addresses the challenges of reduced chemical options in many crops. Weed Management Handbook is a vital tool for all those involved in the crop protection / agrochemical industry, including business managers, horticultural and agricultural scientists, plant physiologists, botanists and those studying and teaching BASIS courses. As an important reference guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying horticultural and agricultural sciences, plant physiology, botany and crop protection, copies of the book should be available on the shelves of all research establishments and universities where these subjects are studied and taught. Weed Management Handbook is published for the British Crop Protection Council (BCPC) by Blackwell Publishing.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Herbicides Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
"This Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) presents the environmental consequences, at the programmatic scale, of a proposal to increase the number of herbicides available to the nine Bureau of Land Management (BLM) districts in Oregon for use in their existing noxious weed, invasive plant, and other vegetation management programs. The BLM in Oregon has been limited to the use of four herbicides since 1987, and their use is limited to the treatment of noxious weeds. The BLM manages approximately 15.7 million acres in Oregon, or about 25 percent of the land in the State"--Page xix.
Author: H. Gratkowski
Author: H. Gratkowski
Author: H. Gratkowski
Author: Hgratkowski Hgratkowski
Author: Michael Newton
Author: H. Gratkowski
Author: Susan G. Conard
Author: Robert E. L. Naylor
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Author: Raymond J. Boyd
Author: R. O. Strothmann