Helium-3 Magnetic Resonance Elastography of the Lung PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Helium-3 Magnetic Resonance Elastography of the Lung PDF full book. Access full book title Helium-3 Magnetic Resonance Elastography of the Lung by Roberta Santarelli. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Roberta Santarelli Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
According to the American Lung Association, for the last few years, lung diseases have become the third most common cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular disease and tumors, and it is expected to rise up the ranking position in the next ten years. Lung diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and interstitial fibrosis affect millions of people worldwide, killing thousands of them every year while new cases are reported. Today, there is no early diagnosis of these pulmonary diseases. They effectively manifest by a modification of the viscoelastic properties of the lung parenchyma which cannot be detected by usual techniques that are applied to other organs. X-ray computer tomography and surgical lung biopsy can state the disease. However, it is not yet possible to predict its progression, to determine the optimal length of the therapy, or to explore the administration of other agents potentially less toxic than those used nowadays. Causes and mechanisms of the disease, associated genetic factors are not determined yet. The social and medical issues are huge. The viscoelastic properties of lung tissue play a key role in the basic function of the organ. They could be very sensitive pulmonary biomarkers as they depend on the tissue structure, the biological conditions, and they are dramatically altered by most lung diseases like cancer, emphysema, asthma, or interstitial fibrosis. However, current auscultation and tactual explorations fail to regionally probe them in vivo.In this PhD work, a new modality was developed to regionally measure the viscoelastic properties of the lung parenchyma in order to detect, quantify, and classify diseases that modify them. This new imaging approach, hyperpolarized helium-3 Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE), benefit from the innocuity and the sensitivity of the technique as well as from the huge hyperpolarized helium-3 signal in the lung. First, the technique was validated on preserved pig lung phantoms. On the one hand, the assumptions of gas confinement and gas content independence that support quantitative helium-3 MRE were assessed. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the technique was challenged with respect to lung inflation and gravity dependence. Second, original means of mechanical excitation were developed and MR acquisition protocols were optimized to perform helium-3 MRE in vivo. First measurements of shear wave propagation were achieved in both rat and human lungs. Resulting shear elasticity agrees fairly well with stiffness values found ex vivo by alternative measurement techniques. This work opens up promising insights into lung pathophysiology in vivo.
Author: Roberta Santarelli Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
According to the American Lung Association, for the last few years, lung diseases have become the third most common cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular disease and tumors, and it is expected to rise up the ranking position in the next ten years. Lung diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and interstitial fibrosis affect millions of people worldwide, killing thousands of them every year while new cases are reported. Today, there is no early diagnosis of these pulmonary diseases. They effectively manifest by a modification of the viscoelastic properties of the lung parenchyma which cannot be detected by usual techniques that are applied to other organs. X-ray computer tomography and surgical lung biopsy can state the disease. However, it is not yet possible to predict its progression, to determine the optimal length of the therapy, or to explore the administration of other agents potentially less toxic than those used nowadays. Causes and mechanisms of the disease, associated genetic factors are not determined yet. The social and medical issues are huge. The viscoelastic properties of lung tissue play a key role in the basic function of the organ. They could be very sensitive pulmonary biomarkers as they depend on the tissue structure, the biological conditions, and they are dramatically altered by most lung diseases like cancer, emphysema, asthma, or interstitial fibrosis. However, current auscultation and tactual explorations fail to regionally probe them in vivo.In this PhD work, a new modality was developed to regionally measure the viscoelastic properties of the lung parenchyma in order to detect, quantify, and classify diseases that modify them. This new imaging approach, hyperpolarized helium-3 Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE), benefit from the innocuity and the sensitivity of the technique as well as from the huge hyperpolarized helium-3 signal in the lung. First, the technique was validated on preserved pig lung phantoms. On the one hand, the assumptions of gas confinement and gas content independence that support quantitative helium-3 MRE were assessed. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the technique was challenged with respect to lung inflation and gravity dependence. Second, original means of mechanical excitation were developed and MR acquisition protocols were optimized to perform helium-3 MRE in vivo. First measurements of shear wave propagation were achieved in both rat and human lungs. Resulting shear elasticity agrees fairly well with stiffness values found ex vivo by alternative measurement techniques. This work opens up promising insights into lung pathophysiology in vivo.
Author: Chengbo Wang Publisher: VDM Publishing ISBN: 9783836463669 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 188
Book Description
COPD and asthma have significant morbidity and mortality. Hyperpolarized (HP) 3He Diffusion MRI has been used to assess lung diseases. The results correlated well with histology, but the diffusion time for previous methods is limited to the order of milliseconds under 1.5 T. New MR methods were developed to measure HP 3He diffusion over the long-time scale (LTS: diffusion time on the order of seconds) in human lungs and were used to investigate COPD and asthma. The basic equations were developed, numerical simulation was performed, and measurements were made in phantoms. Measurements in healthy subjects confirmed that 3He diffusion still strongly depended on the diffusion time in LTS and the ADC decreased significantly. Reproducibility, anisotropy and dependence on parameters were characterized. Experiments in patients with COPD suggested that LTS diffusion was more sensitive to early COPD changes than short-time-scale diffusion. Measurements in patients with severe asthma revealed large regional elevations in LTS ADC maps while the changes in STS were smaller. And there was a good correlation between LTS ADC maps and areas of low-density "air-trapping" seen by CT.
Author: Hans-Ulrich Kauczor Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319426176 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 519
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of how to use MRI for the imaging of lung disease. Special emphasis is placed on routine applications and the clinical impact of MRI in each setting. In addition, current technological developments are reviewed and information presented on dedicated applications of MRI in preclinical and translational research, clinical trials, and specialized institutions. During the past two decades, significant advances in the technology have enabled MRI to enter and mature in the clinical arena of chest imaging. Standard protocols are now readily available on MR scanners, and MRI is recommended as the first- or second-line imaging modality for a variety of lung diseases, not limited to cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer. The benefits and added value of MRI originate from its ability to both visualize lung structure and provide information on different aspects of lung function, such as perfusion, respiratory motion, ventilation, and gas exchange. On this basis, novel quantitative surrogates for lung function and therapy control (imaging biomarkers) are generated. The second edition of MRI of the Lung has been fully updated to take account of recent advances. It is written by an internationally balanced team of renowned authors representing all major groups in the field.
Author: Sudhakar K. Venkatesh Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1493915754 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 143
Book Description
The first book to cover the groundbreaking development and clinical applications of Magnetic Resonance Elastography, this book is essential for all practitioners interested in this revolutionary diagnostic modality. The book is divided into three sections. The first covers the history of MRE. The second covers technique and clinical applications of MRE in the liver with respect to fibrosis, liver masses, and other diseases. Case descriptions are presented to give the reader a hands-on approach. The final section presents the techniques, sequence and preliminary results of applications in other areas of the body including muscle, brain, lung, heart, and breast.
Author: Mitchell S. Albert Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128037040 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
Hyperpolarized and Inert Gas MRI: Theory and Applications in Research and Medicine is the first comprehensive volume published on HP gas MRI. Since the 1990's, when HP gas MRI was invented by Dr. Albert and his colleagues, the HP gas MRI field has grown dramatically. The technique has proven to be a useful tool for diagnosis, disease staging, and therapy evaluation for obstructive lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. HP gas MRI has also been developed for functional imaging of the brain and is presently being developed for molecular imaging, including molecules associated with lung cancer, breast cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Taking into account the ongoing growth of this field and the potential for future clinical applications, the book pulls together the most relevant and cutting-edge research available in HP gas MRI into one resource. - Presents the most comprehensive, relevant, and accurate information on HP gas MRI - Co-edited by the co-inventor of HP gas MRI, Dr. Albert, with chapter authors who are the leading experts in their respective sub-disciplines - Serves as a foundation of understanding of HP gas MRI for researchers and clinicians involved in research, technology development, and clinical use with HP gas MRI - Covers all hyperpolarized gases, including helium, the gas with which the majority of HP gas MRI has been conducted
Author: Faisal Saud Fakhouri Publisher: ISBN: Category : Elastography Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
Currently, conventional x-rays and computed tomography (CT), which uses ionizing radiation, are clinically used to diagnose lung diseases. They provide anatomical and morphological information about the extent of the disease. Nevertheless, they fall short in providing quantitative measures of the lung’s mechanical properties. Also, spirometry is used clinically to diagnose lung diseases in which it measures mechanical properties of the lung. However, it falls short in providing anatomical information regarding the extent of the disease. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can provide mechanical properties of the lung and also the spatial extent of the disease in terms of shear stiffness.
Author: Kayum Safiullin Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 165
Book Description
In this work signal to noise ratio (SNR) issues of MRI at ultra-low fields have been studied and potential applications using hyperpolarised 3He gas have been explored. Two detection bandwidth broadening techniques have been considered: an active feedback and a coil coupling scheme. An active feedback was shown to be a more appropriate solution and was implemented. Systematic diffusion-induced attenuation measurements in cylindrical 3He gas samples have been performed using multiple spin-echo and gradient-echo schemes over a wide range of conditions usually met in various lung airways. Low fields allow using low gradient strengths and long gradient durations without the susceptibility problem met at high fields and only limited by the inhomogeneity of the applied field. Our measurements provide a wide body of data for direct comparison with theoretical models and other data. A new imaging sequence (Slow Low Angle Shot, SLASH) is proposed for imaging at low fields. Series of 2D imaging experiments in phantoms proved that it provides a better image resolution and SNR than a FLASH sequence. Besides that, ADC maps in preserved lungs of small animals were created from 2D and 3D images. The obtained ADC histograms are consistent with the results of global CPMG diffusion measurements in the same preserved lungs and are similar to published in-vivo results, which makes this convenient inflatable porous system a relevant lung phantom for methodological studies. Since low-field ADC measurements in lungs are immune to susceptibility gradients, they can be performed over a wide range of diffusion times.
Author: L. Tugan Muftuler Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439852650 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 529
Book Description
In the medical imaging field, clinicians and researchers are increasingly moving from the qualitative assessment of printed images to the quantitative evaluation of digital images since the quantitative techniques often improve diagnostic accuracy and complement clinical assessments by providing objective criteria. Despite this growing interest, the field lacks a comprehensive body of knowledge. Filling the need for a complete manual on these novel techniques, Quantifying Morphology and Physiology of the Human Body Using MRI presents a wide range of quantitative MRI techniques to study the morphology and physiology of the whole body, from the brain to musculoskeletal systems. Illustrating the growing importance of quantitative MRI, the book delivers an indispensable reference for readers who would like to explore in vivo MRI techniques to quantify changes in the morphology and physiology of tissues caused by various disease mechanisms. With internationally renowned experts sharing their insight on the latest developments, the book goes beyond conventional MRI contrast mechanisms to include new techniques that measure electromagnetic and mechanical properties of tissues. Each chapter offers comprehensive information on data acquisition, processing, and analysis techniques as well as clinical applications. The text organizes the techniques based on their primary use either in the brain or the body. Some of the techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, span several application areas, including brain imaging, cancer imaging, and musculoskeletal imaging. The book also covers up-and-coming quantitative techniques that explore tissue properties other than the presence of protons (or other MRI-observable nuclei) and their interactions with their environment. These novel techniques provide unique information about the electromagnetic and mechanical properties of tissues and introduce new frontiers of study into disease mechanisms.
Author: Roberta Santarelli
Author: Roberta Santarelli
Author: Marius Ovidiu Mada
Author: Chengbo Wang
Author: Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
Author: Sudhakar K. Venkatesh
Author: Mitchell S. Albert
Author: Faisal Saud Fakhouri
Author: Kayum Safiullin
Author: M. Reza Akhavan Sharif
Author: L. Tugan Muftuler