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Author: Publisher: European Communities ISBN: 9789279053689 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
This project focused mainly on investigations into the injection of titanium-rich materials, in order to assist BF operators optimise their hearth protection measures. Thermochemical calculations were carried out pointing out the most favourable conditions for the formation of protective TiCN layers for hearth protection. Furthermore, a simplified melt flow pattern using a statistical reactor model evaluation method was developed in order to investigate the residence time distribution (RTD) of titanium in the BF and to evaluate different injection regimes. The results of the theoretical investigations built the base for the injection campaigns at the various steelworks. Numerous injection campaigns were carried out at blast furnaces with only one tap hole as well as at blast furnaces with alternating tapping at two or more tap holes. Based on the results of the injection campaigns, practical recommendations are given for BF operators for the efficient injection of TiO2 materials for hearth protection. Favourable conditions for titanium injection are defined, for example by high temperatures of HM and slag. Furthermore, a discontinuous injection with high injection rates during tapping is recommended for efficient hearth protection. Additional injection campaigns with a TiO2-rich waste material and ilmenite sand as well as campaigns with an injection of coal and TiO2 material through one tuyère were also carried out within this RFCS project. Scaffold formations were detected and analysed after injection campaigns at the EBF of MEFOS, as well as after excavation of BF A of voestalpine for relining, and excavation of BF 2 of Ruukki for the mid-campaign repair.
Author: Publisher: European Communities ISBN: 9789279053689 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
This project focused mainly on investigations into the injection of titanium-rich materials, in order to assist BF operators optimise their hearth protection measures. Thermochemical calculations were carried out pointing out the most favourable conditions for the formation of protective TiCN layers for hearth protection. Furthermore, a simplified melt flow pattern using a statistical reactor model evaluation method was developed in order to investigate the residence time distribution (RTD) of titanium in the BF and to evaluate different injection regimes. The results of the theoretical investigations built the base for the injection campaigns at the various steelworks. Numerous injection campaigns were carried out at blast furnaces with only one tap hole as well as at blast furnaces with alternating tapping at two or more tap holes. Based on the results of the injection campaigns, practical recommendations are given for BF operators for the efficient injection of TiO2 materials for hearth protection. Favourable conditions for titanium injection are defined, for example by high temperatures of HM and slag. Furthermore, a discontinuous injection with high injection rates during tapping is recommended for efficient hearth protection. Additional injection campaigns with a TiO2-rich waste material and ilmenite sand as well as campaigns with an injection of coal and TiO2 material through one tuyère were also carried out within this RFCS project. Scaffold formations were detected and analysed after injection campaigns at the EBF of MEFOS, as well as after excavation of BF A of voestalpine for relining, and excavation of BF 2 of Ruukki for the mid-campaign repair.
Author: Subir Biswas Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030438074 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 469
Book Description
This book promotes understanding of the raw material selection, refractory design, tailor-made refractory developments, refractory properties, and methods of application. It provides a complete analysis of modern iron and steel refractories. It describes the daily demands on modern refractories and describes how these needs can be addressed or improved upon to help achieve the cleanest and largest yields of iron and steel. The text contains end-of-chapter summaries to help reinforce difficult concepts. It also includes problems at the end of chapters to confirm the reader's understanding of topics such as hoop stress modeling in steel ladle and vessels, establishment of thermal gradient modeling , refractory corrosion dynamics, calculation of Blast furnace trough dimension based on thermal modeling, to name a few. Led by editors with backgrounds in both academia and industry, this book can be used in college courses, as a reference for industry professionals, and as an introduction to the technology for those making the transition to industry. Stands as a comprehensive introduction to the science and technology of modern steel and iron-making refractories that examines the processes, construction, and potential improvement of refractory performance and sustainability; Serves as a versatile resource appropriate for all levels, from the student to industry novices to professionals; Reinforces difficult-to-grasp concepts with end-of-chapter summaries; Maximizes reader understanding of key topics, such as refractory selection for steel ladle and vessels, and their corrosion dynamics, with real life problems.
Author: Barry A. Wills Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080479472 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 457
Book Description
Wills' Mineral Processing Technology provides practising engineers and students of mineral processing, metallurgy and mining with a review of all of the common ore-processing techniques utilized in modern processing installations. Now in its Seventh Edition, this renowned book is a standard reference for the mineral processing industry. Chapters deal with each of the major processing techniques, and coverage includes the latest technical developments in the processing of increasingly complex refractory ores, new equipment and process routes. This new edition has been prepared by the prestigious J K Minerals Research Centre of Australia, which contributes its world-class expertise and ensures that this will continue to be the book of choice for professionals and students in this field.This latest edition highlights the developments and the challenges facing the mineral processor, particularly with regard to the environmental problems posed in improving the efficiency of the existing processes and also in dealing with the waste created. The work is fully indexed and referenced. The classic mineral processing text, revised and updated by a prestigious new team Provides a clear exposition of the principles and practice of mineral processing, with examples taken from practice Covers the latest technological developments and highlights the challenges facing the mineral processor New sections on environmental problems, improving the efficiency of existing processes and dealing with waste.
Author: Pasquale Cavaliere Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3030212092 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 596
Book Description
This book describes the available technologies that can be employed to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse emissions in the steel- and ironmaking industries. Ironmaking and steelmaking are some of the largest emitters of carbon dioxide (over 2Gt per year) and have some of the highest energy demand (25 EJ per year) among all industries; to help mitigate this problem, the book examines how changes can be made in energy efficiency, including energy consumption optimization, online monitoring, and energy audits. Due to negligible regulations and unparalleled growth in these industries during the past 15-20 years, knowledge of best practices and innovative technologies for greenhouse gas remediation is paramount, and something this book addresses. Presents the most recent technological solutions in productivity analyses and dangerous emissions control and reduction in steelmaking plants; Examines the energy saving and emissions abatement efficiency for potential solutions to emission control and reduction in steelmaking plants; Discusses the application of the results of research conducted over the last ten years at universities, research centers, and industrial institutions.
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Author: Subir Biswas
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Author: Iron and Steel Institute
Author: Barry A. Wills
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Author: Iron and Steel Institute
Author: Pasquale Cavaliere