Author: Haoran Zhang
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443184291
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 224
Book Description
Handbook of Mobility Data Mining, Volume One: Data Preprocessing and Visualization introduces the fundamental technologies of mobile big data mining (MDM), advanced AI methods, and upper-level applications, helping readers comprehensively understand MDM with a bottom-up approach. The book explains how to preprocess mobile big data, visualize urban mobility, simulate and predict human travel behavior, and assess urban mobility characteristics and their matching performance as conditions and constraints in transport, emergency management, and sustainability development systems. The book contains crucial information for researchers, engineers, operators, administrators, and policymakers seeking greater understanding of current technologies' infra-knowledge structure and limitations. Further, the book introduces how to design MDM platforms that adapt to the evolving mobility environment, new types of transportation, and users based on an integrated solution that utilizes sensing and communication capabilities to tackle significant challenges faced by the MDM field. This volume focuses on how to efficiently pre-process mobile big data to extract and utilize critical feature information of high-dimensional city people flow. The book first provides a conceptual theory and framework, then discusses data sources, trajectory map-matching, noise filtering, trajectory data segmentation, data quality assessment, and more, concluding with a chapter on privacy protection in mobile big data mining. - Introduces the characteristics of different mobility data sources, like GPS, CDR, and sensor-based mobility data - Summarizes existing visualization technologies of the current transportation system into a multi-view frame, covering the perspective of the three leading actors - Provides recommendations for practical open-source tools and libraries for system visualization - Stems from the editor's strong network of global transport authorities and transport companies, providing a solid knowledge structure and data foundation as well as geographical and stakeholder coverage
Handbook of Mobility Data Mining, Volume 1
Author: Haoran Zhang
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443184291
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 224
Book Description
Handbook of Mobility Data Mining, Volume One: Data Preprocessing and Visualization introduces the fundamental technologies of mobile big data mining (MDM), advanced AI methods, and upper-level applications, helping readers comprehensively understand MDM with a bottom-up approach. The book explains how to preprocess mobile big data, visualize urban mobility, simulate and predict human travel behavior, and assess urban mobility characteristics and their matching performance as conditions and constraints in transport, emergency management, and sustainability development systems. The book contains crucial information for researchers, engineers, operators, administrators, and policymakers seeking greater understanding of current technologies' infra-knowledge structure and limitations. Further, the book introduces how to design MDM platforms that adapt to the evolving mobility environment, new types of transportation, and users based on an integrated solution that utilizes sensing and communication capabilities to tackle significant challenges faced by the MDM field. This volume focuses on how to efficiently pre-process mobile big data to extract and utilize critical feature information of high-dimensional city people flow. The book first provides a conceptual theory and framework, then discusses data sources, trajectory map-matching, noise filtering, trajectory data segmentation, data quality assessment, and more, concluding with a chapter on privacy protection in mobile big data mining. - Introduces the characteristics of different mobility data sources, like GPS, CDR, and sensor-based mobility data - Summarizes existing visualization technologies of the current transportation system into a multi-view frame, covering the perspective of the three leading actors - Provides recommendations for practical open-source tools and libraries for system visualization - Stems from the editor's strong network of global transport authorities and transport companies, providing a solid knowledge structure and data foundation as well as geographical and stakeholder coverage
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443184291
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 224
Book Description
Handbook of Mobility Data Mining, Volume One: Data Preprocessing and Visualization introduces the fundamental technologies of mobile big data mining (MDM), advanced AI methods, and upper-level applications, helping readers comprehensively understand MDM with a bottom-up approach. The book explains how to preprocess mobile big data, visualize urban mobility, simulate and predict human travel behavior, and assess urban mobility characteristics and their matching performance as conditions and constraints in transport, emergency management, and sustainability development systems. The book contains crucial information for researchers, engineers, operators, administrators, and policymakers seeking greater understanding of current technologies' infra-knowledge structure and limitations. Further, the book introduces how to design MDM platforms that adapt to the evolving mobility environment, new types of transportation, and users based on an integrated solution that utilizes sensing and communication capabilities to tackle significant challenges faced by the MDM field. This volume focuses on how to efficiently pre-process mobile big data to extract and utilize critical feature information of high-dimensional city people flow. The book first provides a conceptual theory and framework, then discusses data sources, trajectory map-matching, noise filtering, trajectory data segmentation, data quality assessment, and more, concluding with a chapter on privacy protection in mobile big data mining. - Introduces the characteristics of different mobility data sources, like GPS, CDR, and sensor-based mobility data - Summarizes existing visualization technologies of the current transportation system into a multi-view frame, covering the perspective of the three leading actors - Provides recommendations for practical open-source tools and libraries for system visualization - Stems from the editor's strong network of global transport authorities and transport companies, providing a solid knowledge structure and data foundation as well as geographical and stakeholder coverage
Handbook of Mobility Data Mining, Volume 3
Author: Haoran Zhang
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443184232
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
Handbook of Mobility Data Mining: Volume Three: Mobility Data-Driven Applications introduces the fundamental technologies of mobile big data mining (MDM), advanced AI methods, and upper-level applications, helping readers comprehensively understand MDM with a bottom-up approach. The book explains how to preprocess mobile big data, visualize urban mobility, simulate and predict human travel behavior, and assess urban mobility characteristics and their matching performance as conditions and constraints in transport, emergency management, and sustainability development systems. The book contains crucial information for researchers, engineers, operators, administrators, and policymakers seeking greater understanding of current technologies' infra-knowledge structure and limitations. The book introduces how to design MDM platforms that adapt to the evolving mobility environment—and new types of transportation and users—based on an integrated solution that utilizes sensing and communication capabilities to tackle significant challenges faced by the MDM field. This third volume looks at various cases studies to illustrate and explore the methods introduced in the first two volumes, covering topics such as Intelligent Transportation Management, Smart Emergency Management—detailing cases such as the Fukushima earthquake, Hurricane Katrina, and COVID-19—and Urban Sustainability Development, covering bicycle and railway travel behavior, mobility inequality, and road and light pollution inequality. - Introduces MDM applications from six major areas: intelligent transportation management, shared transportation systems, disaster management, pandemic response, low-carbon transportation, and social equality - Uses case studies to examine possible solutions that facilitate ethical, secure, and controlled emergency management based on mobile big data - Helps develop policy innovations beneficial to citizens, businesses, and society - Stems from the editor's strong network of global transport authorities and transport companies, providing a solid knowledge structure and data foundation as well as geographical and stakeholder coverage
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443184232
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
Handbook of Mobility Data Mining: Volume Three: Mobility Data-Driven Applications introduces the fundamental technologies of mobile big data mining (MDM), advanced AI methods, and upper-level applications, helping readers comprehensively understand MDM with a bottom-up approach. The book explains how to preprocess mobile big data, visualize urban mobility, simulate and predict human travel behavior, and assess urban mobility characteristics and their matching performance as conditions and constraints in transport, emergency management, and sustainability development systems. The book contains crucial information for researchers, engineers, operators, administrators, and policymakers seeking greater understanding of current technologies' infra-knowledge structure and limitations. The book introduces how to design MDM platforms that adapt to the evolving mobility environment—and new types of transportation and users—based on an integrated solution that utilizes sensing and communication capabilities to tackle significant challenges faced by the MDM field. This third volume looks at various cases studies to illustrate and explore the methods introduced in the first two volumes, covering topics such as Intelligent Transportation Management, Smart Emergency Management—detailing cases such as the Fukushima earthquake, Hurricane Katrina, and COVID-19—and Urban Sustainability Development, covering bicycle and railway travel behavior, mobility inequality, and road and light pollution inequality. - Introduces MDM applications from six major areas: intelligent transportation management, shared transportation systems, disaster management, pandemic response, low-carbon transportation, and social equality - Uses case studies to examine possible solutions that facilitate ethical, secure, and controlled emergency management based on mobile big data - Helps develop policy innovations beneficial to citizens, businesses, and society - Stems from the editor's strong network of global transport authorities and transport companies, providing a solid knowledge structure and data foundation as well as geographical and stakeholder coverage
Handbook of Mobility Data Mining, Volume 2
Author: Haoran Zhang
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443184259
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Book Description
Handbook of Mobility Data Mining, Volume Two: Mobility Analytics and Prediction introduces the fundamental technologies of mobile big data mining (MDM), advanced AI methods, and upper-level applications, helping readers comprehensively understand MDM with a bottom-up approach. The book explains how to preprocess mobile big data, visualize urban mobility, simulate and predict human travel behavior, and assess urban mobility characteristics and their matching performance as conditions and constraints in transport, emergency management, and sustainability development systems. The book introduces how to design MDM platforms that adapt to the evolving mobility environment and new types of transportation and users. This helpful guide provides a basis for how to simulate and predict mobility data. After an introductory theory chapter, the book then covers crucial topics such as long-term mobility pattern analytics, mobility data generators, user information inference, Grid-based population density prediction, and more. The book concludes with a chapter on graph-based mobility data analytics. The information in this work is crucial for researchers, engineers, operators, company administrators, and policymakers in related fields, to comprehensively understand current technologies' infra-knowledge structure and limitations. - Discusses how to efficiently simulate massive and large-scale people movement and predict mobility at an urban scale - Introduces both online detection methods, which can sequentially process data, and offline detection methods, which are usually more robust - Stems from the editor's strong network of global transport authorities and transport companies, providing a solid knowledge structure and data foundation as well as geographical and stakeholder coverage
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443184259
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Book Description
Handbook of Mobility Data Mining, Volume Two: Mobility Analytics and Prediction introduces the fundamental technologies of mobile big data mining (MDM), advanced AI methods, and upper-level applications, helping readers comprehensively understand MDM with a bottom-up approach. The book explains how to preprocess mobile big data, visualize urban mobility, simulate and predict human travel behavior, and assess urban mobility characteristics and their matching performance as conditions and constraints in transport, emergency management, and sustainability development systems. The book introduces how to design MDM platforms that adapt to the evolving mobility environment and new types of transportation and users. This helpful guide provides a basis for how to simulate and predict mobility data. After an introductory theory chapter, the book then covers crucial topics such as long-term mobility pattern analytics, mobility data generators, user information inference, Grid-based population density prediction, and more. The book concludes with a chapter on graph-based mobility data analytics. The information in this work is crucial for researchers, engineers, operators, company administrators, and policymakers in related fields, to comprehensively understand current technologies' infra-knowledge structure and limitations. - Discusses how to efficiently simulate massive and large-scale people movement and predict mobility at an urban scale - Introduces both online detection methods, which can sequentially process data, and offline detection methods, which are usually more robust - Stems from the editor's strong network of global transport authorities and transport companies, providing a solid knowledge structure and data foundation as well as geographical and stakeholder coverage
Mobility, Data Mining and Privacy
Author: Fosca Giannotti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540751777
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 415
Book Description
Mobile communications and ubiquitous computing generate large volumes of data. Mining this data can produce useful knowledge, yet individual privacy is at risk. This book investigates the various scientific and technological issues of mobility data, open problems, and roadmap. The editors manage a research project called GeoPKDD, Geographic Privacy-Aware Knowledge Discovery and Delivery, and this book relates their findings in 13 chapters covering all related subjects.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540751777
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 415
Book Description
Mobile communications and ubiquitous computing generate large volumes of data. Mining this data can produce useful knowledge, yet individual privacy is at risk. This book investigates the various scientific and technological issues of mobility data, open problems, and roadmap. The editors manage a research project called GeoPKDD, Geographic Privacy-Aware Knowledge Discovery and Delivery, and this book relates their findings in 13 chapters covering all related subjects.
Mobility Patterns, Big Data and Transport Analytics
Author: Constantinos Antoniou
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443267901
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Mobility Patterns, Big Data and Transport Analytics: Tools and Applications for Modeling, Second Edition provides a guide to the new analytical framework and its relation to big data, focusing on capturing, predicting, visualizing and controlling mobility patterns—a key aspect of transportation modeling. It features prominent international experts who provide overviews on new analytical frameworks, applications and concepts in mobility analysis and transportation systems. The fields covered by this book are evolving rapidly and this new edition updates the existing material and provides new chapters that reflect recent developments in the field (such as the emergence of active, transfer and reinforcement learning). Users will find a detailed, mobility 'structural' analysis and a look at the extensive behavioral characteristics of transport, observability requirements and limitations for realistic transportation applications, and transportation systems analysis that are related to complex processes and phenomena. It bridges the gap between big data, data science, and transportation systems analysis with a study of big data's impact on mobility and an introduction to the tools necessary to apply new techniques. - Guides readers through the paradigm-shifting opportunities and challenges of handling Big Data in transportation modeling and analytics - Covers current analytical innovations focused on capturing, predicting, visualizing, and controlling mobility patterns, while discussing future trends - Delivers an introduction to transportation-related information advances, providing a benchmark reference by world-leading experts in the field - Features a companion website providing videos showing the analyses performed, as well as test codes and data-sets, allowing readers to recreate the presented analyses and apply the highlighted techniques to their own data
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443267901
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Mobility Patterns, Big Data and Transport Analytics: Tools and Applications for Modeling, Second Edition provides a guide to the new analytical framework and its relation to big data, focusing on capturing, predicting, visualizing and controlling mobility patterns—a key aspect of transportation modeling. It features prominent international experts who provide overviews on new analytical frameworks, applications and concepts in mobility analysis and transportation systems. The fields covered by this book are evolving rapidly and this new edition updates the existing material and provides new chapters that reflect recent developments in the field (such as the emergence of active, transfer and reinforcement learning). Users will find a detailed, mobility 'structural' analysis and a look at the extensive behavioral characteristics of transport, observability requirements and limitations for realistic transportation applications, and transportation systems analysis that are related to complex processes and phenomena. It bridges the gap between big data, data science, and transportation systems analysis with a study of big data's impact on mobility and an introduction to the tools necessary to apply new techniques. - Guides readers through the paradigm-shifting opportunities and challenges of handling Big Data in transportation modeling and analytics - Covers current analytical innovations focused on capturing, predicting, visualizing, and controlling mobility patterns, while discussing future trends - Delivers an introduction to transportation-related information advances, providing a benchmark reference by world-leading experts in the field - Features a companion website providing videos showing the analyses performed, as well as test codes and data-sets, allowing readers to recreate the presented analyses and apply the highlighted techniques to their own data
Handbook of Nanomaterials, Volume 1
Author: Muhammad Imran Malik
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323955126
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 802
Book Description
Handbook of Nanomaterials: Electronics, Information Technology, Energy, Transportation, and Consumer Products offers a comprehensive resource that introduces the role of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in a broad range of areas, covering fundamentals, methods, and applications.In this volume, the initial chapters introduce the core concepts of nanotechnology, and synthesis methods and characterization techniques for nanomaterials. This is followed by dedicated sections focusing on key application areas across electronics, information technology, energy, transportation, and consumer products. In each chapter, detailed but concise information is provided on a specific application, covering methods and latest advances.This book is of interest to researchers and advanced students approaching nanotechnology from a range of disciplines, including materials science and engineering, chemistry, chemical engineering, electronics, energy, biomedicine, environmental science, food science, and agriculture, as well as scientists, engineers, and R&D professionals with an interest in the use of nanomaterials across a range of industries. - Introduces the reader to key applications of nanomaterials - Provides broad, systematic, concise coverage, supporting readers from a range of disciplines - Covers applications across electronics, information technology, energy, transportation, and consumer products
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323955126
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 802
Book Description
Handbook of Nanomaterials: Electronics, Information Technology, Energy, Transportation, and Consumer Products offers a comprehensive resource that introduces the role of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in a broad range of areas, covering fundamentals, methods, and applications.In this volume, the initial chapters introduce the core concepts of nanotechnology, and synthesis methods and characterization techniques for nanomaterials. This is followed by dedicated sections focusing on key application areas across electronics, information technology, energy, transportation, and consumer products. In each chapter, detailed but concise information is provided on a specific application, covering methods and latest advances.This book is of interest to researchers and advanced students approaching nanotechnology from a range of disciplines, including materials science and engineering, chemistry, chemical engineering, electronics, energy, biomedicine, environmental science, food science, and agriculture, as well as scientists, engineers, and R&D professionals with an interest in the use of nanomaterials across a range of industries. - Introduces the reader to key applications of nanomaterials - Provides broad, systematic, concise coverage, supporting readers from a range of disciplines - Covers applications across electronics, information technology, energy, transportation, and consumer products
MOBILITY MINING IN MOVING OBJECT TRAJECTORIES
Author: Dr. Sajimon Abraham, Dr. P Sojan Lal and Dr. Dais George
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1387868632
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 162
Book Description
Spatial and temporal properties are key aspects of many data analysis problems in business, government, and science. GPS technology is quickly enabling a number of new applications, including tracking fleets of vehicles, navigating boats and ships, pedestrian's tracking and tracking of wildlife. Another popular application of this technology is in cellular phones with embedded GPS sensors for vehicle and pedestrian's tracking. Through the availability of cheap sensor devices, we have witnessed an exponential growth of geo-tagged data in the last few years resulting in the availability of fine-grained spatial data at small temporal sampling intervals. Therefore, the actual challenge in spatio-temporal analysis is moving from acquiring the right data towards large-scale analysis of the available data. As this multidimensional data add more complexities in storing, indexing and querying, efficient methodologies have to be derived to manage these data using existing data base technology.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1387868632
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 162
Book Description
Spatial and temporal properties are key aspects of many data analysis problems in business, government, and science. GPS technology is quickly enabling a number of new applications, including tracking fleets of vehicles, navigating boats and ships, pedestrian's tracking and tracking of wildlife. Another popular application of this technology is in cellular phones with embedded GPS sensors for vehicle and pedestrian's tracking. Through the availability of cheap sensor devices, we have witnessed an exponential growth of geo-tagged data in the last few years resulting in the availability of fine-grained spatial data at small temporal sampling intervals. Therefore, the actual challenge in spatio-temporal analysis is moving from acquiring the right data towards large-scale analysis of the available data. As this multidimensional data add more complexities in storing, indexing and querying, efficient methodologies have to be derived to manage these data using existing data base technology.
Handbook of Research on Mobility and Computing: Evolving Technologies and Ubiquitous Impacts
Author: Cruz-Cunha, Maria Manuela
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1609600436
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1434
Book Description
Discusses the main issues, challenges, opportunities, and trends related to this explosive range of new developments and applications, in constant evolution, and impacting every organization and society as a whole. This two volume handbook supports post-graduate students, teachers, and researchers, as well as IT professionals and managers.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1609600436
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1434
Book Description
Discusses the main issues, challenges, opportunities, and trends related to this explosive range of new developments and applications, in constant evolution, and impacting every organization and society as a whole. This two volume handbook supports post-graduate students, teachers, and researchers, as well as IT professionals and managers.
Data Mining for Business Applications
Author: Carlos A. Mota Soares
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1607506327
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 196
Book Description
Data mining is already incorporated into the business processes in sectors such as health, retail, automotive, finance, telecom and insurance as well as in government. This book contains extended versions of a selection of papers presented at a series of workshops held between 2005 and 2008 on the subject of data mining for business applications.
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1607506327
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 196
Book Description
Data mining is already incorporated into the business processes in sectors such as health, retail, automotive, finance, telecom and insurance as well as in government. This book contains extended versions of a selection of papers presented at a series of workshops held between 2005 and 2008 on the subject of data mining for business applications.
Multidisciplinary Approach in Arts, Science & Commerce (Volume-1)
Author: BIPLAB AUDDYA
Publisher: Sankalp Publication
ISBN: 9394901256
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 114
Book Description
Multidisciplinary Approach/Research/Subject/Education is a unique part of education. By this education students learn and collect knowledge/ideas from different disciplines. The present E-Book volume is based on the Multidisciplinary Research and introduces on different important topics by research paper contributors like: Awareness towards contraceptive use among rural and urban couples, Health problems of tribal community, Health Problems of Women in Tribal Society, Discovery of patterns from web page navigation sequences in datamining, DATA PERTURBATION USING LAPLACE NOISE, DATA PERTURBATION USING LAPLACE NOISE, ANALYSIS OF RVD BASED ON THE CART DERIVED TREE ALGORITHM, Comparative study to assess the awareness towards post-menopausal life among rural & urban women, Informal Trade in the Northeast and its Relation to Interpersonal Contact, Comparative study to assess the barriers towards contraceptive use among rural & urban couples, Awareness towards post-menopausal life among urban women in community setting, Attributes Of Product Outlook That Influence Purchases Of Two-Wheelers by Women Consumers, Preparation of Safe Anti Rust Polish And Rust Removing Pad for Preventing Stainless Steel Sheets in Iron Steel Industry, Fruit Processing Industry in India: A Case of Kingberry Strawberry Wine, Maharashtra, A Review on Applications of Blockchain Technology in Banking and Financial Sector, Fuzzy Transportation problem using Topologized Graphical Method, A REVIEW ON ETHNOMEDICINAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL AND COLORING POTENTIAL OF Lawsonia inermis L.(Henna), Development in Teaching and Learning process through ICT. Thanks to Sankalp Publication, all Editors (Dr. P. PRABAKARAN, Dr. R. SHALINI, Dr. S. NAGASUNDARAM & DR. SHERIN SARA KOSHY), all Co-Editors (MD SAHIDUL AREFIN, DR. GITTY GEORGE, DR. K. S. SRIDEVI SANGEETA & D R K SAIKANTH) and all Research Paper Contributors of this E-Book.
Publisher: Sankalp Publication
ISBN: 9394901256
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 114
Book Description
Multidisciplinary Approach/Research/Subject/Education is a unique part of education. By this education students learn and collect knowledge/ideas from different disciplines. The present E-Book volume is based on the Multidisciplinary Research and introduces on different important topics by research paper contributors like: Awareness towards contraceptive use among rural and urban couples, Health problems of tribal community, Health Problems of Women in Tribal Society, Discovery of patterns from web page navigation sequences in datamining, DATA PERTURBATION USING LAPLACE NOISE, DATA PERTURBATION USING LAPLACE NOISE, ANALYSIS OF RVD BASED ON THE CART DERIVED TREE ALGORITHM, Comparative study to assess the awareness towards post-menopausal life among rural & urban women, Informal Trade in the Northeast and its Relation to Interpersonal Contact, Comparative study to assess the barriers towards contraceptive use among rural & urban couples, Awareness towards post-menopausal life among urban women in community setting, Attributes Of Product Outlook That Influence Purchases Of Two-Wheelers by Women Consumers, Preparation of Safe Anti Rust Polish And Rust Removing Pad for Preventing Stainless Steel Sheets in Iron Steel Industry, Fruit Processing Industry in India: A Case of Kingberry Strawberry Wine, Maharashtra, A Review on Applications of Blockchain Technology in Banking and Financial Sector, Fuzzy Transportation problem using Topologized Graphical Method, A REVIEW ON ETHNOMEDICINAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL AND COLORING POTENTIAL OF Lawsonia inermis L.(Henna), Development in Teaching and Learning process through ICT. Thanks to Sankalp Publication, all Editors (Dr. P. PRABAKARAN, Dr. R. SHALINI, Dr. S. NAGASUNDARAM & DR. SHERIN SARA KOSHY), all Co-Editors (MD SAHIDUL AREFIN, DR. GITTY GEORGE, DR. K. S. SRIDEVI SANGEETA & D R K SAIKANTH) and all Research Paper Contributors of this E-Book.