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Author: David S. Gunderson Publisher: Chapman & Hall/CRC ISBN: 9781138199019 Category : Induction (Mathematics) Languages : en Pages : 921
Book Description
Handbook of Mathematical Induction: Theory and Applications shows how to find and write proofs via mathematical induction. This comprehensive book covers the theory, the structure of the written proof, all standard exercises, and hundreds of application examples from nearly every area of mathematics. In the first part of the book, the author discusses different inductive techniques, including well-ordered sets, basic mathematical induction, strong induction, double induction, infinite descent, downward induction, and several variants. He then introduces ordinals and cardinals, transfinite induction, the axiom of choice, Zorn's lemma, empirical induction, and fallacies and induction. He also explains how to write inductive proofs. The next part contains more than 750 exercises that highlight the levels of difficulty of an inductive proof, the variety of inductive techniques available, and the scope of results provable by mathematical induction. Each self-contained chapter in this section includes the necessary definitions, theory, and notation and covers a range of theorems and problems, from fundamental to very specialized. The final part presents either solutions or hints to the exercises. Slightly longer than what is found in most texts, these solutions provide complete details for every step of the problem-solving process.
Author: David S. Gunderson Publisher: Chapman & Hall/CRC ISBN: 9781138199019 Category : Induction (Mathematics) Languages : en Pages : 921
Book Description
Handbook of Mathematical Induction: Theory and Applications shows how to find and write proofs via mathematical induction. This comprehensive book covers the theory, the structure of the written proof, all standard exercises, and hundreds of application examples from nearly every area of mathematics. In the first part of the book, the author discusses different inductive techniques, including well-ordered sets, basic mathematical induction, strong induction, double induction, infinite descent, downward induction, and several variants. He then introduces ordinals and cardinals, transfinite induction, the axiom of choice, Zorn's lemma, empirical induction, and fallacies and induction. He also explains how to write inductive proofs. The next part contains more than 750 exercises that highlight the levels of difficulty of an inductive proof, the variety of inductive techniques available, and the scope of results provable by mathematical induction. Each self-contained chapter in this section includes the necessary definitions, theory, and notation and covers a range of theorems and problems, from fundamental to very specialized. The final part presents either solutions or hints to the exercises. Slightly longer than what is found in most texts, these solutions provide complete details for every step of the problem-solving process.
Author: Arihant Experts Publisher: Arihant Publications India limited ISBN: 9789313196501 Category : Study Aids Languages : en Pages : 466
Book Description
Mathematics of higher level has too many theories, rules and remembering all of them on tips all the time is not an easy task. Handbook of Mathematics is an important, useful and compact reference book suitable for everyday study, problem solving or exam revision for class XI – XII. This book is a multi-purpose quick revision resource that contains almost all key notes, terms, definitions and formulae that all students & professionals in mathematics will want to have this essential reference book within easy reach. Its unique format displays formulae clearly, places them in the context and crisply identifies describes all the variables involved, summary about every equations and formula that one might want while learning mathematics is one of the unique features of the book, a stimulating and crisp extract of fundamental mathematics is to be enjoyed by the beginners and experts equally. The book is best-selling from its first edition and one of the most useful books of its type. Table of content Sets, Relations and Binary Operations, Complex Numbers, Quadratic Equations and Inequalities, Sequences and Series, Permutation and Combinations, Binomial Theorem and Mathematical Induction, Matrices, Determinant, Probability, Trigonometric Functions, Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Solution of Triangles, Heights and Distances, Rectangular Axis and Straight Lines, Circles, Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola, Functions, Limits, Continuity and Differentiability, Derivatives, Applications of Derivatives, Indefinite Integrals, Definite Integrals, Applications of Integrations, Differential Equations, Vectors, Three Dimensional Geometry, Statistics, Mathematical Reasoning and Boolean Algebra, Numerical Method, Linear Programming Problem, Computing, Group Theory, Elementary Arithmetic-I, Elementary Arithmetic-II, Percentage and Its Applications, Elementary Algebra, Logarithm, Geometry, Mensuration.
Author: Martin Aigner Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662223430 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 194
Book Description
According to the great mathematician Paul Erdös, God maintains perfect mathematical proofs in The Book. This book presents the authors candidates for such "perfect proofs," those which contain brilliant ideas, clever connections, and wonderful observations, bringing new insight and surprising perspectives to problems from number theory, geometry, analysis, combinatorics, and graph theory. As a result, this book will be fun reading for anyone with an interest in mathematics.
Author: Paolo Mancosu Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192649299 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
An Introduction to Proof Theory provides an accessible introduction to the theory of proofs, with details of proofs worked out and examples and exercises to aid the reader's understanding. It also serves as a companion to reading the original pathbreaking articles by Gerhard Gentzen. The first half covers topics in structural proof theory, including the Gödel-Gentzen translation of classical into intuitionistic logic (and arithmetic), natural deduction and the normalization theorems (for both NJ and NK), the sequent calculus, including cut-elimination and mid-sequent theorems, and various applications of these results. The second half examines ordinal proof theory, specifically Gentzen's consistency proof for first-order Peano Arithmetic. The theory of ordinal notations and other elements of ordinal theory are developed from scratch, and no knowledge of set theory is presumed. The proof methods needed to establish proof-theoretic results, especially proof by induction, are introduced in stages throughout the text. Mancosu, Galvan, and Zach's introduction will provide a solid foundation for those looking to understand this central area of mathematical logic and the philosophy of mathematics.
Author: Thierry Vialar Publisher: BoD - Books on Demand ISBN: 2955199001 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 1134
Book Description
The book consists of XI Parts and 28 Chapters covering all areas of mathematics. It is a tool for students, scientists, engineers, students of many disciplines, teachers, professionals, writers and also for a general reader with an interest in mathematics and in science. It provides a wide range of mathematical concepts, definitions, propositions, theorems, proofs, examples, and numerous illustrations. The difficulty level can vary depending on chapters, and sustained attention will be required for some. The structure and list of Parts are quite classical: I. Foundations of Mathematics, II. Algebra, III. Number Theory, IV. Geometry, V. Analytic Geometry, VI. Topology, VII .Algebraic Topology, VIII. Analysis, IX. Category Theory, X. Probability and Statistics, XI. Applied Mathematics. Appendices provide useful lists of symbols and tables for ready reference. The publisher’s hope is that this book, slightly revised and in a convenient format, will serve the needs of readers, be it for study, teaching, exploration, work, or research.
Author: Alexander Zawaira Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191561703 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 368
Book Description
The importance of mathematics competitions has been widely recognised for three reasons: they help to develop imaginative capacity and thinking skills whose value far transcends mathematics; they constitute the most effective way of discovering and nurturing mathematical talent; and they provide a means to combat the prevalent false image of mathematics held by high school students, as either a fearsomely difficult or a dull and uncreative subject. This book provides a comprehensive training resource for competitions from local and provincial to national Olympiad level, containing hundreds of diagrams, and graced by many light-hearted cartoons. It features a large collection of what mathematicians call "beautiful" problems - non-routine, provocative, fascinating, and challenging problems, often with elegant solutions. It features careful, systematic exposition of a selection of the most important topics encountered in mathematics competitions, assuming little prior knowledge. Geometry, trigonometry, mathematical induction, inequalities, Diophantine equations, number theory, sequences and series, the binomial theorem, and combinatorics - are all developed in a gentle but lively manner, liberally illustrated with examples, and consistently motivated by attractive "appetiser" problems, whose solution appears after the relevant theory has been expounded. Each chapter is presented as a "toolchest" of instruments designed for cracking the problems collected at the end of the chapter. Other topics, such as algebra, co-ordinate geometry, functional equations and probability, are introduced and elucidated in the posing and solving of the large collection of miscellaneous problems in the final toolchest. An unusual feature of this book is the attention paid throughout to the history of mathematics - the origins of the ideas, the terminology and some of the problems, and the celebration of mathematics as a multicultural, cooperative human achievement. As a bonus the aspiring "mathlete" may encounter, in the most enjoyable way possible, many of the topics that form the core of the standard school curriculum.
Author: W. Y. Tan Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9812779485 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 592
Book Description
Composed of contributions from an international team of leading researchers, this book pulls together the most recent research results in the field of cancer modeling to provide readers with the most advanced mathematical models of cancer and their applications.Topics included in the book cover oncogenetic trees, stochastic multistage models of carcinogenesis, effects of ionizing radiation on cell cycle and genomic instability, induction of DNA damage by ionizing radiation and its repair, epigenetic cancer models, bystander effects of radiation, multiple pathway models of human colon cancer, and stochastic models of metastasis. The book also provides some important applications of cancer models to the assessment of cancer risk associated with various hazardous environmental agents, to cancer screening by MRI, and to drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. An updated statistical design and analysis of xenograft experiments as well as a statistical analysis of cancer occult clinical data are also provided.The book will serve as a useful source of reference for researchers in biomathematics, biostatistics and bioinformatics; for clinical investigators and medical doctors employing quantitative methods to develop procedures for cancer diagnosis, prevention, control and treatment; and for graduate students.
Author: Joel David Hamkins Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262362562 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
How to write mathematical proofs, shown in fully-worked out examples. This is a companion volume Joel Hamkins's Proof and the Art of Mathematics, providing fully worked-out solutions to all of the odd-numbered exercises as well as a few of the even-numbered exercises. In many cases, the solutions go beyond the exercise question itself to the natural extensions of the ideas, helping readers learn how to approach a mathematical investigation. As Hamkins asks, "Once you have solved a problem, why not push the ideas harder to see what further you can prove with them?" These solutions offer readers examples of how to write a mathematical proofs. The mathematical development of this text follows the main book, with the same chapter topics in the same order, and all theorem and exercise numbers in this text refer to the corresponding statements of the main text.
Author: S.R. Buss Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080533183 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 823
Book Description
This volume contains articles covering a broad spectrum of proof theory, with an emphasis on its mathematical aspects. The articles should not only be interesting to specialists of proof theory, but should also be accessible to a diverse audience, including logicians, mathematicians, computer scientists and philosophers. Many of the central topics of proof theory have been included in a self-contained expository of articles, covered in great detail and depth.The chapters are arranged so that the two introductory articles come first; these are then followed by articles from core classical areas of proof theory; the handbook concludes with articles that deal with topics closely related to computer science.
Author: Oscar Levin Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781534970748 Category : Languages : en Pages : 342
Book Description
This gentle introduction to discrete mathematics is written for first and second year math majors, especially those who intend to teach. The text began as a set of lecture notes for the discrete mathematics course at the University of Northern Colorado. This course serves both as an introduction to topics in discrete math and as the "introduction to proof" course for math majors. The course is usually taught with a large amount of student inquiry, and this text is written to help facilitate this. Four main topics are covered: counting, sequences, logic, and graph theory. Along the way proofs are introduced, including proofs by contradiction, proofs by induction, and combinatorial proofs. The book contains over 360 exercises, including 230 with solutions and 130 more involved problems suitable for homework. There are also Investigate! activities throughout the text to support active, inquiry based learning. While there are many fine discrete math textbooks available, this text has the following advantages: It is written to be used in an inquiry rich course. It is written to be used in a course for future math teachers. It is open source, with low cost print editions and free electronic editions.
Author: David S. Gunderson
Author: David S. Gunderson
Author: Arihant Experts
Author: Martin Aigner
Author: Paolo Mancosu
Author: Thierry Vialar
Author: Alexander Zawaira
Author: W. Y. Tan
Author: Joel David Hamkins
Author: S.R. Buss
Author: Oscar Levin