H Mode Confinement in Alcator C-Mod PDF Download

Author: Martin Greenwald
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 39

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Author: John Reel Walk (Jr.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64

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Using a spatially-resolving x-ray spectrometer system, toroidal impurity rotation in Alcator C-Mod plasmas was measured. The propagation of the rotational velocity from the edge to the core of the plasma column was measured during the L- to H-mode transition. Momentum transport was measured in both Ohmic and ICRF-heated discharges, which produced EDA and ELM-free H-modes. The momentum transport was modeled by a simplified diffusion model, in which momentum diffusivity was substantially higher than neoclassically predicted values.

Author: Earl S. Marmar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 6

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A favorable regime of H-mode confinement, seen on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak is described. Following a brief period of ELM-free H-mode, the plasma evolves into the Enhanced D-Alpha (EDA) H-mode which is characterized by very good energy confinement, the complete absence of large, intermittent type I ELMs, finite impurity and majority species confinement, and low radiated power fraction. Accompanying the EDA H-mode, a quasi-coherent (QC) edge mode is observed, and found to be responsible for particle transport through the edge confinement barrier. The QC-mode is localized within the strong density gradient region, and has poloidal wavenumber and lab-frame frequency of 100 kHz. Parametric studies show that the conditions which promote EDA include moderate safety factor, high triangularity (d>0.35) and high target density (ne>1.2x20 m-3). EDA H-mode is readily obtained in purely ohmic and well as in ICRF auxiliary-heated discharges.

Author: Martin Greenwald
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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(cont.) This link unified L-mode and H-mode and established a strong connection between local and global transport. Further work on the role of critical gradient lengths and marginal stability lent quantitative support to the ITG theories for ion transport and have helped elucidate nonlinear saturation mechanisms for the turbulence. Local transport studies demonstrated connections between transport channels, with energy, particle and momentum transport varying across regimes in similar ways. Experiments carried out in collaboration with the DIII-D, ASDEX-U and JET groups confirmed the dimensionless scaling approach over the widest available range in machine sizes. These studies suggest that plasma physics is the dominant influence on transport in the core and pedestal for standard L- and H-mode discharges. Dimensionless scaling experiments have shown a strong improvement in confinement with the normalized gyro-size (1/p*). Confinement was found to be Bohm-like in L-mode and gyro-Bohm-like in H-mode. These experiments also showed a strong degradation in confinement with collisionality. Other articles in this issue discuss impurity transport, momentum transport, H-mode pedestal and threshold physics and internal transport barrier regimes.

Author: Frederick B. Marcus
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031177118
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 484

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This book offers an overall review, applying systems engineering and architecture approaches, of the design, optimization, operation and results of leading fusion experiments. These approaches provide a unified means of evaluating reactor design. Methodologies are developed for more coherent construction or evaluation of fusion devices, associated experiments and operating procedures. The main focus is on tokamaks, with almost all machines and their important results being integrated into a systems design space. Case studies focus on DIII-D, TCV, JET, WEST, the fusion reactor prototype ITER and the EU DEMO concept. Stellarator, Mirror and Laser inertial confinement experiments are similarly analysed, including reactor implications of breakeven at NIF. The book examines the engineering and physics design and optimization process for each machine, analysing their performance and major results achieved, thus establishing a basis for the improvement of future machines. The reader will gain a broad historical and up-to-date perspective of the status of nuclear fusion research from both an engineering and physics point of view. Explanations are given of the computational tools needed to design and operate successful experiments and reactor-relevant machines. This book is aimed at both graduate students and practitioners of nuclear fusion science and engineering, as well as those specializing in other fields demanding large and integrated experimental equipment. Systems engineers will obtain valuable insights into fusion applications. References are given to associated complex mathematical derivations, which are beyond the scope of this book. The general reader interested in nuclear fusion will find here an accessible summary of the current state of nuclear fusion.

Author: Yunxing Ma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Usually when sufficient heating power is injected, tokamak plasma will make an abrupt transition into a state with improved confinement, known as the high-confinement mode, or H-mode. Given the greatly enhanced fusion yield, H-mode is foreseen as the baseline scenario for the future plasma operation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Many research efforts have been given to understand the criteria for H-mode access. To further contribute to this research, a primary focus of this thesis is characterizing the H-mode access conditions in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, across a broad range of plasma density, magnetic field, and plasma current. In addition, dedicated experiments were designed and executed on C-Mod, to explore the effects of divertor geometry, ICRF resonance location, and main ion species on H-mode access conditions. Results from these experiments will be included in this thesis. The underlying physics of H-mode access is very complex, and the critical mechanisms remain largely unresolved. To promote our understanding, some models proposed for the H-mode transition are tested, using well documented local plasma conditions, obtained in C-Mod experiments. In particular, this thesis pioneers the test of a recently developed model for H-mode threshold power predictions.

Author: Michelle M. Victora
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 45

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Using a spatially-resolving x-ray spectrometer system, the toroidal rotation velocity in Alcator C-Mod plasmas is measured and analyzed. At the L-H and L-I transition, there is a co-current movement in the toroidal rotation velocity.The propagation of this rotational velocity from the edge to the core of the torus was measured following the L- to H- and L- to I-mode transitions. A hyperbolic tangent fit was used to determine a single variable for rise time in rotational velocity. The hyperbolic tangent fit parameter acts as a proxy for the global momentum confinement time, which is then compared to other plasma parameters. Through this compaxison, we found an decrease in rise time in correlation with increasing density(n)/current(I), particularly distinctive in the range of 1-2.5 x 1020 (MA x m3)-1. Due to a lack of overlap in density between I- and H-mode, we find this may be indicative of an overall decrease in rise time between L- to I- and L- to H-mode transitions. In order to explore this possibility, we must achieve I-mode runs with the same current and density as Hmode to determine if there is still a decrease between the two transitions.

Author: MITSURU KIKUCHI
Publisher: International Atomic Energy
ISBN:
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages : 1158

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Humans do not live by bread alone. Physically we are puny creatures with limited prowess, but with unlimited dreams. We see a mountain and want to move it to carve out a path for ourselves. We see a river and want to tame it so that it irrigates our fields. We see a star and want to fly to its planets to secure a future for our progeny. For all this, we need a genie who will do our bidding at a flip of our fingers. Energy is such a genie. Modern humans need energy and lots of it to live a life of comfort. In fact, the quality of life in different regions of the world can be directly correlated with the per capita use of energy [1.1–1.5]. In this regard, the human development index (HDI) of various countries based on various reports by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) [1.6] (Fig. 1.1), which is a parameter measuring the quality of life in a given part of the world, is directly determined by the amount of per capita electricity consumption. Most of the developing world (~5 billion people) is crawling up the UN curve of HDI versus per capita electricity consumption, from abysmally low values of today towards the average of the whole world and eventually towards the average of the developed world. This translates into a massive energy hunger for the globe as a whole. It has been estimated that by the year 2050, the global electricity demand will go up by a factor of up to 3 in a high growth scenario [1.7–1.9]. The requirements beyond 2050 go up even higher.

Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fusion reactors
Languages : en
Pages : 820

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Author: Dmitri A. Mossessian
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32

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Under most operational conditions of Alcator C-Mod the dominant type of H-mode is the steady state enhanced Da mode (EDA), characterized by good energy confinement, continuously degraded impurity confinement and absence of regular ELMs. In this regime a quasicoherent (QC) electromagnetic mode ... is observed, localized in the region of the density pedestal. Experimental evidence suggests that the mode is responsible for enhancement of particle transport. It is shown experimentally that the QC mode can exist in a well defined region in edge temperature-safety factor space, favoring high edge q values ... and requiring moderate pedestal temperatureTeped ... As edge temperature and pressure gradient increase, the quasicoherent mode is replaced by broadband low frequency fluctuations (f