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Author: D. PONCE Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
OAK-B135 A powerful microwave system operating at the second harmonic of the electron cyclotron frequency on the DIII-D tokamak was upgraded up to six assemblies of 110 GHz gyrotrons in 2003. three Gycom gyrotrons nominally generate 750 kW for 2 s pulses, with the pulse length limit resulting from the peak temperature allowed on the boron nitride rf output window. Three Communications and Power Industries (CPI) gyrotrons with diamond windows have been recently installed and have been tested to 0.9-1.0 MW for 5 s pulses. Heat loading on internal parts of the gyrotrons, the matching optics unit and the dummy loads is measured calorimetrically. This paper discusses the calorimetry system and calorimetric measurements of gyrotron performance.
Author: D. PONCE Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
OAK-B135 A powerful microwave system operating at the second harmonic of the electron cyclotron frequency on the DIII-D tokamak was upgraded up to six assemblies of 110 GHz gyrotrons in 2003. three Gycom gyrotrons nominally generate 750 kW for 2 s pulses, with the pulse length limit resulting from the peak temperature allowed on the boron nitride rf output window. Three Communications and Power Industries (CPI) gyrotrons with diamond windows have been recently installed and have been tested to 0.9-1.0 MW for 5 s pulses. Heat loading on internal parts of the gyrotrons, the matching optics unit and the dummy loads is measured calorimetrically. This paper discusses the calorimetry system and calorimetric measurements of gyrotron performance.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 8
Book Description
DIII-D's ECH upgrade with 1 MW, 110 GHz gyrotrons is ongoing, and with it, an upgrade of the control system. The ECH Multiple Gyrotron Control System uses software distributed among networked computers, interfaced to a programmable logic controller (PLC), the timing and pulse system, power supplies, vacuum and wave guide controls, and instrumentation. During DIII-D operations, the system will allow a chief and a co-operator to control and monitor a number of gyrotrons from different manufacturers. The software, written using LabVIEW, allows for remote and multiple operator control. Thus any supported computer can become a control station and multiple projects can be simultaneously accommodated. Each operator can be given access to the controls of all gyrotrons or to a subset of controls. Status information is also remotely available. The use of a PLC simplifies the hardware and software design. It reduces interlock and control circuitry, includes monitoring for slow analog signals, and allows one software driver to efficiently interface to a number of systems. In addition, the interlock logic can be easily changed and control points can be forced as needed. The pulse system is designed around arbitrary function generators. Various modulation schemes can be accommodated, including real-time control of the modulation. This discussion will include the hardware and software design of the control system and its current implementation.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 22
Book Description
The DIII-D tokamak has installed a system with three gyrotrons at the 1 MW level operating at 110 GHz. Physics experiments on electron cyclotron current drive, heating, and transport have been performed. Good efficiency has been achieved both for on-axis and off-axis current drive with relevance for control of the current density profile leading to advanced regimes of tokamak operation, although there is a difference between off-axis ECCD efficiency inside and outside the magnetic axis. Heating efficiency is excellent and electron temperatures up to 10 keV have been achieved. The gyrotron system is versatile, with poloidal scan and control of the polarization of the injected rf beam. Phase correcting mirrors form a Gaussian beam and focus it into the waveguide. Both perpendicular and oblique launch into the tokamak have been used. Three different gyrotron designs are installed and therefore unique problems specific to each have been encountered, including parasitic oscillations, mode hops during modulation and polarization control problems. Two of the gyrotrons suffered damage during operations, one due to filament failure and one due to a vacuum leak. The repairs and subsequent testing will be described. The transmission system uses evacuated, windowless waveguide and the three gyrotrons have output windows of three different materials. One gyrotron uses a diamond window and generates a Gaussian beam directly. The development of the system and specific tests and results from each of the gyrotrons will be presented. The DIII-D project has committed to an upgrade of the system, which will add three gyrotrons in the 1 MW class, all using diamond output windows, to permit operation at up to ten seconds per pulse at one megawatt output for each gyrotron.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 148
Book Description
This publication contains information on the dosimetry and monitoring of tritium, the use of protective clothing for work with tritium, safe practices in tritium handling laboratories and details of tritium compatible materials. The information has been compiled from experience in the various applications of tritium and should represent valuable source material to all users of tritium, including those involved in fusion R&D.
Author: Heinz Knoepfel Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1475718896 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 425
Book Description
This book contains the papers presented at the Course on "Tokamak Startup - Problems and Scenarios Related to the Transient Phases of a Thermonuclear Fusion Reactor" which was held in Erice, July 14-20, 1985. The fact that the critical startup and transient phases of a tokamak reactor are now the specific subject of a comprehensive international gathering of fusion specialists seems indicative of the substantial pro gress made in recent years towards attaining controlled ignition of a nuclear fusion fuel, i.e. towards demonstrating the scientific feasibili ty of controlled thermonuclear fusion. In fact, the steady-state burning phase has attracted so far most of the attention of fusion physicists and engineers, as it is conceptually more rewarding, and theoretically easier to handle. However, as for many large engineering systems, - nuclear fis- ... ':1' " . 10 ' ... Entrance to San Rocco's lecturing hall v sion power plants, or aerospace crafts, for example - the major issues of design and operation lie often in the startup, shutdown and power tran sieQt phases, rather than at the full load, or at cruising regimes. In ehoosing the contributions to this 7th Course of Prof. B.
Author: Basudev Ghosh Publisher: ISBN: 9781842658567 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
BASIC PLASMA PHYSICS is designed to serve as an introductory compact textbook for advanced undergraduate, postgraduate and research students taking plasma physics as one of their subject of study for the first time. It covers the current syllabus of plasma physics offered by the most universities and technical institutions. The book requires no background in plasma physics but only elementary knowledge of basic physics and mathematics. Emphasis has been given on the analytical approach. Topics are developed from first principle so that the students can learn through self-study. One chapter has been devoted to describe some practical aspects of plasma physics. Each chapter contains a good number of solved and unsolved problems and a variety of review questions, mostly taken from recent examination papers. Some classroom experiments described in the book will surely help students as well as instructors.
Author: Shampa Chakraverty Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811323488 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 409
Book Description
This book addresses extensible and adaptable computing, a broad range of methods and techniques used to systematically tackle the future growth of systems and respond proactively and seamlessly to change. The book is divided into five main sections: Agile Software Development, Data Management, Web Intelligence, Machine Learning and Computing in Education. These sub-domains of computing work together in mutually complementary ways to build systems and applications that scale well, and which can successfully meet the demands of changing times and contexts. The topics under each track have been carefully selected to highlight certain qualitative aspects of applications and systems, such as scalability, flexibility, integration, efficiency and context awareness. The first section (Agile Software Development) includes six contributions that address related issues, including risk management, test case prioritization and tools, open source software reliability and predicting the change proneness of software. The second section (Data Management) includes discussions on myriad issues, such as extending database caches using solid-state devices, efficient data transmission, healthcare applications and data security. In turn, the third section (Machine Learning) gathers papers that investigate ML algorithms and present their specific applications such as portfolio optimization, disruption classification and outlier detection. The fourth section (Web Intelligence) covers emerging applications such as metaphor detection, language identification and sentiment analysis, and brings to the fore web security issues such as fraud detection and trust/reputation systems. In closing, the fifth section (Computing in Education) focuses on various aspects of computer-aided pedagogical methods.
Author: D. PONCE
Author: D. PONCE
Author: David J. Minerath
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Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: Heinz Knoepfel
Author: Basudev Ghosh
Author: Victor L. Granatstein
Author: Shampa Chakraverty