Guidelines for Evaluating Out-of-Position Vehicle Occupant Interactions with Deploying Frontal Airbags PDF Download
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Author: Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
An airbag generates a considerable amount of kinetic energy during its inflation process. As a result substantial forces can be developed between the deploying airbag and the out-of-position occupant. Accident data and laboratory test results have indicated a potential for head, neck, chest, abdominal, and leg injuries from these forces. This suggests that mitigating such forces should be considered in the design of airbag restraint systems.This document outlines a comprehensive set of test guidelines that can be used for investigating the interactions that occur between the deploying airbag and the occupant who is near the module at the time of deployment. Static and dynamic tests to investigate driver and passenger systems are given. Static tests may be used to sort designs on a comparative basis. Designs that make it through the static sorting procedure may be subjected to the appropriate dynamic tests. On a specific vehicle model, engineering judgment based upon prior experience in airbag testing may make it unnecessary to conduct the tests identified by the document or may indicate that different tests should be conducted.Mild severity and moderate severity crash pulses are described in Section 5. These pulses are not vehicle-specific, but represent a general acceleration-time history that approximates what occurs with a large variety of vehicles. The mild severity crash pulse is near the threshold of many airbag deployments and represents a high-frequency accident event. Since small children are more likely than adults to be out of position due to preimpact braking, this pulse can be used for the child tests. Since preimpact braking has much less of an effect on adults, the moderate severity crash pulse can be used for adult testing. The described pulses or other vehicle specific pulses may be used.No performance limits are specified in this document. References 2.1.4 2 and 16 gives interpretations of dummy responses relative to human injury potential. The members of the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Steering Committee have reviewed J1980 and made a conscientious decision to stabilize this Information Report. J1980, first issued in 1990, documents the tests developed by the U.S. auto industry to assess the risk of injury to occupants in close proximity to driver or passenger frontal airbags. It served as a basis for ISO/TR10982 as auto manufacturers in Europe and Asia began to introduce frontal airbags in their regions. In 2000, NHTSA added out-of-position tests and limits to FMVSS 208. J1980 is a historic document and contains a more comprehensive set of out-of-position test conditions than either ISO/TR10982 or FMVSS 208.
Author: Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
An airbag generates a considerable amount of kinetic energy during its inflation process. As a result substantial forces can be developed between the deploying airbag and the out-of-position occupant. Accident data and laboratory test results have indicated a potential for head, neck, chest, abdominal, and leg injuries from these forces. This suggests that mitigating such forces should be considered in the design of airbag restraint systems.This document outlines a comprehensive set of test guidelines that can be used for investigating the interactions that occur between the deploying airbag and the occupant who is near the module at the time of deployment. Static and dynamic tests to investigate driver and passenger systems are given. Static tests may be used to sort designs on a comparative basis. Designs that make it through the static sorting procedure may be subjected to the appropriate dynamic tests. On a specific vehicle model, engineering judgment based upon prior experience in airbag testing may make it unnecessary to conduct the tests identified by the document or may indicate that different tests should be conducted.Mild severity and moderate severity crash pulses are described in Section 5. These pulses are not vehicle-specific, but represent a general acceleration-time history that approximates what occurs with a large variety of vehicles. The mild severity crash pulse is near the threshold of many airbag deployments and represents a high-frequency accident event. Since small children are more likely than adults to be out of position due to preimpact braking, this pulse can be used for the child tests. Since preimpact braking has much less of an effect on adults, the moderate severity crash pulse can be used for adult testing. The described pulses or other vehicle specific pulses may be used.No performance limits are specified in this document. References 2.1.4 2 and 16 gives interpretations of dummy responses relative to human injury potential. The members of the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Steering Committee have reviewed J1980 and made a conscientious decision to stabilize this Information Report. J1980, first issued in 1990, documents the tests developed by the U.S. auto industry to assess the risk of injury to occupants in close proximity to driver or passenger frontal airbags. It served as a basis for ISO/TR10982 as auto manufacturers in Europe and Asia began to introduce frontal airbags in their regions. In 2000, NHTSA added out-of-position tests and limits to FMVSS 208. J1980 is a historic document and contains a more comprehensive set of out-of-position test conditions than either ISO/TR10982 or FMVSS 208.
Author: Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
An airbag generates a considerable amount of kinetic energy during its inflation process. As a result substantial forces can be developed between the deploying airbag and the out-of-position occupant. Accident data and laboratory test results have indicated a potential for head, neck, chest, abdominal, and leg injuries from these forces. This suggests that mitigating such forces should be considered in the design of airbag restraint systems. This document outlines a comprehensive set of test guidelines that can be used for investigating the interactions that occur between the deploying airbag and the occupant who is near the module at the time of deployment. Static and dynamic tests to investigate driver and passenger systems are given. Static tests may be used to sort designs on a comparative basis. Designs that make it through the static sorting procedure may be subjected to the appropriate dynamic tests. On a specific vehicle model, engineering judgment based upon prior experience in airbag testing may make it unnecessary to conduct the tests identified by the document or may indicate that different tests should be conducted. Mild severity and moderate severity crash pulses are described in Section 5. These pulses are not vehicle-specific, but represent a general acceleration-time history that approximates what occurs with a large variety of vehicles. The mild severity crash pulse is near the threshold of many airbag deployments and represents a high-frequency accident event. Since small children are more likely than adults to be out of position due to preimpact braking, this pulse can be used for the child tests. Since preimpact braking has much less of an effect on adults, the moderate severity crash pulse can be used for adult testing. The described pulses or other vehicle specific pulses may be used. No performance limits are specified in this document. References 2.1.4 2 and 16 gives interpretations of dummy responses relative to human injury.
Author: Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This SAE Information Report prescribes dummies, procedures, and configurations that can be used for investigating the interactions that might occur between a deploying airbag and a child restrained by a child restraint system (CRS). During the inflation process, airbags generate a considerable amount of kinetic energy which can result in substantial forces being applied to a child who is restrained in a CRS in the front seat of a vehicle. Field data collected by the special crash investigation team of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) indicate that fatal forces can be developed. In response to these field data, NHTSA added a series of airbag/child interaction tests and limits to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR 571.208) that deal with occupant protection, commonly known as Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS 208). The bases for NHTSA tests are the various test procedures that were developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). This document was one of those reports.This document describes static and dynamic tests that can be used to assess the injury potential of such interactions. The static tests can be used to sort these interactions on a comparative basis in either an actual or a simulated vehicle environment. Systems that appear to warrant further testing can be subjected to an appropriate dynamic test. Engineering judgment will be needed to identify the test conditions that produce the most severe interactions.Mild-severity and high-severity crash pulses are described in 8.2 . These pulses are not vehicle-specific but represent general acceleration-time histories for two crash conditions. The mild-severity pulse approximates a crash that would just deploy a typical airbag. This pulse would be used to evaluate the effect of the energy of the deploying airbag when the CRS and dummy are exerting the least amount of inertial force in the forward direction, but the dummy and/or CRS is moved forward by that inertial force. The high-severity pulse is similar to that specified in FMVSS 213 to evaluate CRS performance and would be used here to evaluate the airbag as an additional variable in a well-documented crash environment. These generic pulses or other vehicle-specific pulses may be used as appropriate. Differences in shape between the generic and the vehicle-specific pulses are expected to be greater for the high-severity than the mild-severity, with corresponding differences expected in dummy responses.This document encourages the use of a wide range of test configurations and conditions, while recognizing that the range of possible interactions is essentially limitless and beyond testing capability. Further, measurements of primary importance for the various configurations are given in Section 10, Table 1, but performance limits are not specified. FMVSS 208 does specify performance limits which are based on the injury risk curves given in References SAE 973318 and SAE 2000-01-SC005. The members of the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Steering Committee have reviewed J2189 and made a conscientious decision to stabilize this Information Report. J2189, first issued in 1993, documents the tests developed to assess the risk of injury to children restrained in child restraints and exposed to a passenger frontal airbag. It served as a basis for ISO/TR14645, but is more comprehensive than ISO/TR14645. While the types of child restraints illustrated in Section 9 are outdated, the static and dynamic test conditions in J2189 remain relevant. This Information Report has historical value.
Author: Gavriel Salvendy Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470528389 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1754
Book Description
The fourth edition of the Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics has been completely revised and updated. This includes all existing third edition chapters plus new chapters written to cover new areas. These include the following subjects: Managing low-back disorder risk in the workplace Online interactivity Neuroergonomics Office ergonomics Social networking HF&E in motor vehicle transportation User requirements Human factors and ergonomics in aviation Human factors in ambient intelligent environments As with the earlier editions, the main purpose of this handbook is to serve the needs of the human factors and ergonomics researchers, practitioners, and graduate students. Each chapter has a strong theory and scientific base, but is heavily focused on real world applications. As such, a significant number of case studies, examples, figures, and tables are included to aid in the understanding and application of the material covered.
Author: Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This SAE Information Report prescribes dummies, procedures, and configurations that can be used for investigating the interactions that might occur between a deploying airbag and a child restrained by a child restraint system (CRS). During the inflation process, airbags generate a considerable amount of kinetic energy which can result in substantial forces being applied to a child who is restrained in a CRS in the front seat of a vehicle. Field data collected by the special crash investigation team of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) indicate that fatal forces can be developed. In response to these field data, NHTSA added a series of airbag/child interaction tests and limits to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR 571.208) that deal with occupant protection, commonly known as Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS 208). The bases for NHTSA tests are the various test procedures that were developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). This document was one of those reports. This document describes static and dynamic tests that can be used to assess the injury potential of such interactions. The static tests can be used to sort these interactions on a comparative basis in either an actual or a simulated vehicle environment. Systems that appear to warrant further testing can be subjected to an appropriate dynamic test. Engineering judgment will be needed to identify the test conditions that produce the most severe interactions. Mild-severity and high-severity crash pulses are described in 8.2. These pulses are not vehicle-specific but represent general acceleration-time histories for two crash conditions. The mild-severity pulse approximates a crash that would just deploy a typical airbag. This pulse would be used to evaluate the effect of the energy of the deploying airbag when the CRS and dummy are exerting the least amount of inertial force in the forward direction, but the dummy and/or CRS is moved forward by that inertial force. The high-severity pulse is similar to that specified in FMVSS 213 to evaluate CRS performance and would be used here to evaluate the airbag as an additional variable in a well-documented crash environment. These generic pulses or other vehicle-specific pulses may be used as appropriate. Differences in shape between the generic and the vehicle-specific pulses are expected to be greater for the high-severity than the mild-severity, with corresponding differences expected in dummy responses. This document encourages the use of a wide range of test configurations and conditions, while recognizing that the range of possible interactions is essentially limitless and beyond testing capability. Further, measurements of primary importance for the various configurations are given in Section 10, Table 1, but performance limits are not specified. FMVSS 208 does specify performance limits which are based on the injury risk curves given in References SAE 973318 and SAE 2000-01-SC005.
Author: Richard W Kent Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 0768011191 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 872
Book Description
Follow the fascinating development of the automotive air bag - from its introduction to the latest advances - in this comprehensive collection of papers from both SAE and other professional sources, complete with informative diagrams, graphics, and charts. Air Bag Development and Performance: New Perspectives from Industry, Government and Academia begins with five chapters - one each from Editor Richard Kent and the collection's four Associate Editors - offering the authors' unique perspectives on the history, development, or performance of these important safety devices. Approximately 50 selected SAE, government, and other papers are also provided in their entirety, along with the titles and abstracts of about 90 other papers (listed as recommended reading) and the titles of some 600 related papers for further reference (included in a bibliography at the end of the book).
Author: Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
Author: Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
Author: Society of Automotive Engineers
Author: Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
Author: 
Author: International Organization for Standardization
Author: Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
Author: Gavriel Salvendy
Author: Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
Author: Richard W Kent
Author: