Author: World Bank Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9789241546072 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
National health accounts are a key practical tool for policy-makers interested in evaluating and restructuring their nation's health care financing and assessing financial interventions to improve people's health. This publication provides guidance in developing socioeconomic information to help establish a framework for national health accounts, including defining health expenditure, acquiring and evaluating data, non-survey data sources, using surveys, estimation procedures and financing agents.
Author: Akiko Maeda Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 082139469X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 387
Book Description
Any analysis of health financing issues has to begin with sound estimates of the level and flow of resources in a health system, including total levels of spending, the sources of health expenditures, the uses of funds in terms of services purchased, and in terms of who purchases them. The analysis should also aim at understanding how these resource flows are correlated with health system outcomes, including those of improving health, reducing health inequalities, and reducing the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure. National Health Accounts (NHA) provide a framework to collect, compile, and analyze such data on all types of health spending in a country—and so create a robust evidence base for policy making. Although NHA data delineate the key financial metrics of a health system, the collection of these data have not been institutionalized in most developing countries. The root problems are often the same: insufficient resources to collect, collate, analyze and produce information on spending; poor development of health and other information systems; low levels of local capacity to interpret information to meet policy needs; and inadequate demand for data within countries. Furthermore, in many low- and middle-income countries, NHA activities have been conducted as ad hoc, donor-driven initiatives. Since 2008, the World Bank has been coordinating a global initiative to identify bottlenecks to the institutionalization of NHA, and to learn lessons in countries at different stages on the journey towards this institutionalization. The focus has been less on the production of NHA and more on its relevance as a tool to enable policy makers develop and implement evidence-based decisions, and better measure the impact of health reforms, especially those related to health financing. This report has been developed through a consultative process, involving experts and policy makers from more than fifty low-, middle- and high-income countries, large and small, in all corners of the world, development partners and World Bank staff globally. The report represents a synthesis of lessons learned from country experiences and is intended to serve as a strategic guide to countries and their development partners as they design and implement their strategy to develop nationally relevant and internationally comparable data, collected in a routine and cost-effective manner.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9786613693303 Category : Medical care, Cost of Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
Any analysis of health financing issues has to begin with sound estimates of the level and flow of resources in a health system, including total levels of spending, the sources of health expenditures, the uses of funds in terms of services purchased, and in terms of who purchases them. The analysis should also aim at understanding how these resource flows are correlated with health system outcomes, including those of improving health, reducing health inequalities, and reducing the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure. National Health Accounts (NHA) provide a framework to collect, compi.
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9240049231 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 188
Book Description
A System of Health Accounts 2011 provides a systematic description of the financial flows related to the consumption of health care goods and services. As demands for information increase and more countries implement and institutionalise health accounts according to the system, the data produced are expected to be more comparable, more detailed and more policy relevant. This publication summarises the System of Health Accounts 2011 (SHA 2011) Manual, which was jointly produced by OECD, the European Commission and WHO. The SHA 2011 Manual itself draws inspiration from and builds on the original manual, published in 2000, and the Gui de to Producing National Health Accounts (2003) to create a single global framework for producing health expenditure accounts that can help track resource flows from sources to uses. The manual is the result of a four-year collaborative effort between OECD, Eurostat and WHO, and sets out in more detail the boundaries, the definitions and the concepts responding to health care systems around the globe - from the simplest to the more complicated.
Author: American Bar Association. House of Delegates Publisher: American Bar Association ISBN: 9781590318737 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 216
Book Description
The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Author: Who Regional Office for Europe Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9289051701 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 148
Book Description
What are public health services? Countries across Europe understand what they are or what they should include differently. This study describes the experiences of nine countries detailing the ways they have opted to organize and finance public health services and train and employ their public health workforce. It covers England France Germany Italy the Netherlands Slovenia Sweden Poland and the Republic of Moldova and aims to give insights into current practice that will support decision-makers in their efforts to strengthen public health capacities and services. Each country chapter captures the historical background of public health services and the context in which they operate; sets out the main organizational structures; assesses the sources of public health financing and how it is allocated; explains the training and employment of the public health workforce; and analyses existing frameworks for quality and performance assessment. The study reveals a wide range of experience and variation across Europe and clearly illustrates two fundamentally different approaches to public health services: integration with curative health services (as in Slovenia or Sweden) or organization and provision through a separate parallel structure (Republic of Moldova). The case studies explore the context that explain this divergence and its implications. This study is the result of close collaboration between the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and the WHO Regional Office for Europe Division of Health Systems and Public Health. It accompanies two other Observatory publications Organization and financing of public health services in Europe and The role of public health organizations in addressing public health problems in Europe: the case of obesity alcohol and antimicrobial resistance (both forthcoming).
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309186846 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 239
Book Description
It has become trite to observe that increases in health care costs have become unsustainable. How best for policy to address these increases, however, depends in part on the degree to which they represent increases in the real quantity of medical services as opposed to increased unit prices of existing services. And an even more fundamental question is the degree to which the increased spending actually has purchased improved health. Accounting for Health and Health Care addresses both these issues. The government agencies responsible for measuring unit prices for medical services have taken steps in recent years that have greatly improved the accuracy of those measures. Nonetheless, this book has several recommendations aimed at further improving the price indices.
Author: World Bank
Author: Akiko Maeda
Author: OECD
Author: 
Author: World Health Organization
Author: American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Author: 
Author: Who Regional Office for Europe
Author: Karen Glanz
Author: National Research Council