Author: Md. Shahid Ullah TalukderPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 215
Book Description
Growth, Yield and Water Relations of Wheat Subjected to Soil Moisture Stress
Author: Md. Shahid Ullah TalukderPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 215
Book Description
Effect of Soil Moisture Stress at Different Stages of Growth on Water Use, Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat
Author: Satya Pal GoelRoots
Author: Jun J. AbePublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401729239
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
The root is the organ that functions as the interface between the plant and the earth environment. Many human management practices involving crops, forests and natural vegetation also affect plant growth through the soil and roots. Understanding the morphology and function of roots from the cellular level to the level of the whole root system is required for both plant production and environmental protection. This book is at the forefront of plant root science (rhizology), catering to professional plant scientists and graduate students. It covers root development, stress physiology, ecology, and associations with microorganisms. The chapters are selected papers originally presented at the 6th Symposium of the International Society of Root Research, where plant biologists, ecologists, soil microbiologists, crop scientists, forestry scientists, and environmental scientists, among others, gathered to discuss current research results and to establish rhizology as a newly integrated research area.
Plant Water Relations of Six Cultivars of Winter Wheat Grown Under Soil Moisture Stress
Author: Gideon Boi-Tono AdjeiPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Book Description
Effect of Moisture Stress on Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Seed
Author: Marcos Vinicius AssuncaoPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of moisture stress on physiological changes that occur during the vegetative and reproductive stages of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant, and to relate these effects to seed yield, quality and performance. In a field experiment, different levels of moisture stress were obtained by establishing plots in two rainfall areas, and by planting on three different dates in the dryland area. Seed development and maturation occurred under extreme moisture stress in Moro (254mm annual rainfall), while stress at Corvallis (1020 mm annual rainfall) was low. Plants from the early fall planting were subjected to the most stress because of the greater fall growth which removed much of the soil moisture. Lowest seed yields occurred under the greatest moisture stress conditions, primarily because of a reduced number of seeds per spike. Seed size was the quality component most affected by moisture stress. Smaller seed size was associated with lower soil water potential, higher leaf area index during vegetative growth, and higher specific leaf weight and water soluble carbohydrate content of the plants after anthesis. Water soluble carbohydrate content was particularly high in the rachises of the most severely stressed plants, indicating a reduced rate of translocation to the developing seeds. Embryo weight was also reduced in the more stressed plants in proportioa to the reduction in seed weight. The protein contents of seeds from all three moisture stress levels at Moro were similar. Seeds developed under the most severe water stress had the highest respiratory quotient and lowest glutamic acid decarboxylase activity. The growth rate of seedlings produced by these seeds was 29% lower than that from seeds from the less stressed plots. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of water stress under controlled conditions. Plants were grown under three moisture regimes (600, 300 and 150 ml water/pot/day) from the time awns were first visible on the main stem until maturity. Water-stressed plants had smaller leaf area and leaf dry weight, higher specific leaf weight, earlier leaf senescence, lower dry weight, and lower seed yield. On the other hand, water-stressed plants produced larger seeds, with heavier embryos, higher protein content, lower CO2 evolution and lower respiratory quotient. These seeds in turn produced seedlings with greater vigor in terms of seedling growth rate. Because of the compensation ability of the wheat plant, development of management practices to decrease certain yield components in favor of enhanced seed quality is worthy of further study.
Relation of the Depth to which the Soil is Wet at Seeding Time to the Yield of Spring Wheat on the Great Plains
Author: John Selden ColePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plants
Languages : en
Pages : 28
Book Description
NOAA Technical Memorandum EDS.
Author: United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Meteorology
Languages : en
Pages : 394
Book Description
Relationship of Soil Moisture and Precipitation to Spring Wheat Yields in the Northern Great Plains
Author: Jesse Raymond ThomasPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soil moisture
Languages : en
Pages : 28
Book Description
Effect of Soil Moisture Stress at Different Physiological Growth Stages on Yield and Water Requirements of Triple Gene Dwarf Wheat (var: Heera).
Author: R. L. NayakThe Effect of Fertility Level on Plant Growth and Development, Water Uptake and Water Stress in Dryland Wheat Production
Author: Raul Jose AgamennoniPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fertilizers
Languages : en
Pages : 170
Book Description
Dryland winter wheat in eastern Oregon is usually subjected to water stress several times during the growing period. Moreover, the last three months of growth period depend strongly on the available soil water. The fertility level, stage of growth, availability of soil water and climatic conditions all interact to determine the severity of crop water stress. The level of nitrogen and phosphorus fertility in the growing wheat crop can affect plant growth and development, water uptake and the incidence and severity of water stress. In order to gain a better understanding of the complex interactions leading to water stress in the wheat crop, a means of determining when and how long the stress occurs is needed. The Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) developed by Idso et al in 1981 utilizing the infrared thermometer was used to determine the crop water stress level during the critical spring growth period. The objectives of this work were: (1) to study the effect of N and P fertilization levels on crop water stress and water uptake by the crop; (2) to describe the crop water stress phenomenon in order to help explain when, and why water stress occurs; (3) to analyze the dry matter production and partitioning and yield components as related to fertilization, crop water stress and date of planting; and (4) to attempt to develop an equation to predict grain yield of soft white winter wheat in Oregon, given a certain level of water stress assessed by the CWSI. Two types of field fertilizer experiments were conducted using a soft white winter wheat cv. Stephens at the Sherman Experiment Station, Moro, Oregon during the 1982 and 1983 seasons. Atypical climatic conditions with precipitation and relative humidity levels greater than, and maximum temperatures less than the long-term means combined to produce a relatively low level of crop water stress. There were two relatively short periods in 1982 in which moderate to severe crop water stress occurred. The CWSI proved capable of detecting the severity and duration of these stress periods with a good level of reliability. Nitrogen fertilization increased the total crop water uptake. Coincidentally, CWSI level was always reduced with the addition of N. The only exception was in one N experiment in 1982, in which water uptake was not increased with N fertilization. The total dry matter production and yield relationship was indicative of the climatic conditions which produced nearly optimum soil water conditions in the 1982 and 1983 seasons. Nitrogen increased total dry matter production during both seasons, with a higher level being evident in 1983. The yield increase from the added nitrogen was mainly due to an increase in spike number and to a lesser extent an increase in the number of kernels per spike. Late plantings produced larger individual spikes with a greater number of kernels than earlier seeding, but these differences were not great enough to overcome the drastic reduction in spike number. A logarithmic relationship between grain yield and the CWSI averaged on a daily basis was developed. Although somewhat inconsistent, the need to account for other factors such as N availability and the differences in vegetative growth produced before the period of CWSI study, was recognized. The assumption that CWSI alone could predict grain yield was originally based on limited soil water conditions. If that condition is not present, the other variables that may limit yield potential must be considered. The use of infrared thermometry technology and the CWSI system appear to be feasible tools to determine crop water stress at the field level. However, one can expect more consistent and reliable results under the more normal stress conditions.