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Author: Jennifer Amy Vogel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
Fire and grazing are common methods used for prairie restoration and conservation. However, effects of restoration on grassland invertebrates have been evaluated with mixed results. We examined the effects of prairie restoration through fire and grazing and the relative contributions of the direct and indirect effects of time since fire on the grassland butterfly community of the Loess Hills of Iowa, USA. Both total and habitat-specialist (prairie-dependent) butterfly abundance were highest on prairies that were managed with grazing and burning, and lowest on those that were only burned. Butterfly species richness did not differ among any of the management types. Responses of individual butterfly species to management practices were variable. In the best predictive models, both habitat-specialist and total butterfly abundance were negatively associated with the percent cover of bare ground, total butterfly abundance was positively associated with the percent cover of forbs, and habitat-generalist butterfly abundance was positively associated with floral resource availability. Areas managed with fire, grazing, or a fire/grazing combination all maintained equally species rich, yet compositionally different, butterfly communities. Butterfly abundance increased as time since burn increased. The percent cover of warm season grasses and bare ground decreased while the cover of cool season grasses, forbs, and litter depth increased with time since burn. We used path analysis to examine direct and indirect effects of burning. For habitat-specialist species abundance path models, the total indirect effects of time since burn through floral resources, warm season grass cover, or bare ground were stronger relative to the direct effect of time since burn. The indirect pathway through bare ground had higher relative strength than other indirect paths in the models for habitat-specialist species. For the habitat-generalist species path models, the direct effect of time since burn was stronger relative to the indirect effects. Because of this variation in butterfly species responses to different management practices, we do not recommend a single type of management that would benefit all species or even all species within habitat-specialist or habitat-generalist habitat guilds. Our data illustrate the profound effects, both direct and indirect, of fire on grassland butterfly abundance.
Author: Jennifer Amy Vogel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
Fire and grazing are common methods used for prairie restoration and conservation. However, effects of restoration on grassland invertebrates have been evaluated with mixed results. We examined the effects of prairie restoration through fire and grazing and the relative contributions of the direct and indirect effects of time since fire on the grassland butterfly community of the Loess Hills of Iowa, USA. Both total and habitat-specialist (prairie-dependent) butterfly abundance were highest on prairies that were managed with grazing and burning, and lowest on those that were only burned. Butterfly species richness did not differ among any of the management types. Responses of individual butterfly species to management practices were variable. In the best predictive models, both habitat-specialist and total butterfly abundance were negatively associated with the percent cover of bare ground, total butterfly abundance was positively associated with the percent cover of forbs, and habitat-generalist butterfly abundance was positively associated with floral resource availability. Areas managed with fire, grazing, or a fire/grazing combination all maintained equally species rich, yet compositionally different, butterfly communities. Butterfly abundance increased as time since burn increased. The percent cover of warm season grasses and bare ground decreased while the cover of cool season grasses, forbs, and litter depth increased with time since burn. We used path analysis to examine direct and indirect effects of burning. For habitat-specialist species abundance path models, the total indirect effects of time since burn through floral resources, warm season grass cover, or bare ground were stronger relative to the direct effect of time since burn. The indirect pathway through bare ground had higher relative strength than other indirect paths in the models for habitat-specialist species. For the habitat-generalist species path models, the direct effect of time since burn was stronger relative to the indirect effects. Because of this variation in butterfly species responses to different management practices, we do not recommend a single type of management that would benefit all species or even all species within habitat-specialist or habitat-generalist habitat guilds. Our data illustrate the profound effects, both direct and indirect, of fire on grassland butterfly abundance.
Author: Sarah B. Ogden Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) is an invasive forb that reduces native grass and forb abundance in tall-grass prairie by up to 92%. Controlling invasions is difficult because traditional land management tools used in the Flint Hills, broad spectrum herbicides, spring prescribed fire, and cattle grazing, are ineffective against sericea. Recent research has demonstrated, however, that mid- and late summer prescribed fire and spring fire with early season grazing by steers followed by late season grazing by sheep are effective at reducing sericea whole plant mass, number of seeds produced, and seed mass. Field results were from two separate experiments conducted in tall-grass prairie study sites in the Flint Hills. On a Geary County, Kansas, study site, the utility of 1) spring fire (control), 2) mid-summer fire, and 3) late summer fire on sericea control were compared. On a Woodson County, Kansas, study site, the utility of 1) spring fire with early season steer grazing followed by rest (control) and 2) spring fire with early season steer grazing and late season sheep grazing on sericea control were compared. At the same study sites, I measured responses by the native wildlife community to use of summer fire and sheep grazing, relative to their controls, to manage sericea lespedeza. Specifically, my objectives were to compare grassland songbird density, grassland songbird nest survival, and grassland butterfly species composition and density among treatments at both study sites. I also related patterns in the vegetation community of each treatment for each study site to respective patterns in grassland bird and butterfly communities. Within study sites, density, nest density, and nest success of grassland bird communities responded similarly to treatments and controls, with the exception that densities of Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savanarrum) were 3.4- and 2.2-fold greater in mid- and late summer fire plots than spring fire plots, respectively, in the Geary County study site. Species compositions of butterfly communities were similar across treatments within experiments, but grassland specialist species comprised only 8.6 and 1.2% of all butterfly observations in the Geary County and Woodson County experiments, respectively. Grassland specialist butterfly species may benefit from summer fire, as their nectar sources were more abundant in Summer Fire plots than Spring Fire plots. Overall, within each experiment, grassland bird and butterfly communities were similar across treatments, suggesting that treatments did not negatively affect grassland songbird and butterfly communities. I additionally demonstrated that Dickcissel (Spiza americana) nest sites contain a lower proportion of sericea than random points, the first evidence that the invasion is detrimental to grassland songbird species. Lacking control, the continued sericea invasion will out compete cumulatively more forb plants resulting in declining quality of grassland bird nesting habitat on the landscape. Controlling sericea lespedeza invasions will allow native forb species to increase in abundance and improve the condition of grasslands for native wildlife and livestock producers. Therefore, I advocate use of summer fire or spring fire with a combination of cattle and sheep grazing to control sericea lespedeza with the long-term goal of tall-grass prairie restoration.
Author: Jolie Goldenetz Dollar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Butterflies Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Conversion of natural grasslands for agricultural uses and intensification of agricultural production has been a major cause of natural ecosystem fragmentation and biodiversity loss. Diversifying agricultural landscapes by adding semi-natural grasslands can potentially help couple agricultural production (i.e., providing food, fiber, and energy to a growing human population) with environmental stewardship, enhancing ecosystem health, and increasing biodiversity. To ensure long-term ecological benefits of buffers and to maintain them as suitable habitat for prairie-associated species, periodic disturbance is required to keep buffers in an early-successional grassland plant community. In this dissertation, I fill knowledge gaps about biodiversity of semi-natural grassland buffers within agroecosystems. I investigate influence of prairie-history on buffer forb communities and effects of disking and burning on semi-natural grassland buffer plant and butterfly communities. I also investigate suitability of using butterflies as surrogates of birds and plants on semi-natural grassland buffers. Prairie-history influenced buffer forb communities, and disking increased forb richness and abundance. Disturbance guild butterflies responded positively to disking, most likely due to increased availability of nectar-rich plants. Grassland guild butterflies were not impacted negatively by disking or burning. Responses of plants and butterflies to disking and burning varied between sampling years. Effects of disking in fall 2007 persisted for two growing seasons, but I observed little effects of disking in fall 2008. Butterflies, with the possible exception of Pearl Crescent, were unsuitable as surrogates for birds. In contrast, butterflies, including Pearl Crescent, showed suitable or marginally suitable correlations with plants. Results of my study should help agricultural producers accomplish environmental conservation objectives and provide science-based information for developing and refining USDA practice standards and policy.
Author: Stephen Packard Publisher: Science and Practice of Ecolog ISBN: 9781597260343 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
TheTallgrass Restoration Handbook is a hands-on manual that provides a detailed account of what has been learned about the art and science of prairie restoration and the application of that knowledge to restoration projects throughout the world. Chapters provide guidance on all aspects of the restoration process, from conceptualization and planning to execution and monitoring. Appendixes present hard-to-find data on plants and animals of the prairies, seed collection dates, propagation methods, sources of seeds and equipment, and more. Also included is a key to restoration options that provides detailed instructions for specific types of projects and a comprehensive glossary of restoration terms. Written by those whose primary work is actually the making of prairies, The Tallgrass Restoration Handbook explores a myriad of restoration philosophies and techniques and is an essential resource for anyone working to nurture our once vibrant native landscapes back to a state of health.
Author: Scott L. Collins Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press ISBN: 9780806123158 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 198
Book Description
Based on papers presented at a 1987 symposium, "Fire in North American Grasslands," cosponsored by the Ecological Society of America and the Botanical Society of America, this book represents an important contribution to key unanswered questions concerning the role of fire in grassland ecosystems: How often did fires occur in the past? Were they primarily natural or caused by humans? At what time of year did grasslands normally burn? How should fire be used as a management tool? What constitutes a proper prescribed burning regime both with and without grazing?
Author: Tim R. New Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030227804 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Australia’s varied grasslands have suffered massive losses and changes since European settlement, and those changes continue under increasingly intensive human pressures for development and agricultural production. The values of native grasslands for conservation of endemic native biodiversity, both flora and fauna, have led to strong interests in the protection of remaining fragments, especially near urban centres, and documentation of the insects and other inhabitants of grasslands spanning tropical to cool temperate parts of the country. Attention to conservation of grassland insects in Australia is relatively recent, but it is increasingly apparent that grasslands harbour many localised and ecologically specialised endemic species. Their conservation necessarily advances from very incomplete documentation, and draws heavily on lessons from the far better-documented grasslands elsewhere, most notably in the northern hemisphere, and undertaken over far longer periods. From those cases, and the extensive background to grassland management to harmonise conservation with production and amenity values through honing use of processes such as grazing, mowing and fire, the needs and priorities for Australia can become clearer, together with needs for grassland restoration at a variety of scales. This book is a broad overview of conservation needs of grassland insects in Australia, drawing on the background provided elsewhere in the world on the responses to disturbances, and the ecological importance, of some key insect groups (notably Orthoptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera) to suggest how insect conservation in native, pastoral and urban grasslands may be advanced. The substantial references given for each chapter facilitate entry for non-entomologist grassland managers and stewards to appreciate the diversity and importance of Australia’s grassland insects, their vulnerabilities to changes, and the possibilities for conserving them and the wider ecological roles in which they participate.
Author: Jay E. Diffendorfer Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889661180 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 422
Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: Josef Settele Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521747592 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Due to the attractiveness of butterflies, and their usefulness as model systems for biological questions, there has been a considerable amount of material written on butterfly biology, largely in Europe. This book synthesizes all relevant and recent knowledge in the field, which is a must for those making use of this taxonomic group as a model system. It is divided into five major parts which deal with habitat use, population ecology and genetics, evolutionary ecology, distribution and phylogeny, and global change and conservation. There are growing numbers of scientific projects and networks in Europe in which the use of butterflies as tools and targets for conservation is central, and application of knowledge is closely related to European cultural landscapes. However, the chapters can also be applied to a wide geographic scope. Written by an international team of experts, this timely book is suitable for students, researchers and enthusiasts.
Author: Jennifer Amy Vogel
Author: Jennifer Amy Vogel
Author: Sarah B. Ogden
Author: Jolie Goldenetz Dollar
Author: Stephen Packard
Author: Scott L. Collins
Author: Tim R. New
Author: Jay E. Diffendorfer
Author: 
Author: Josef Settele
Author: