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Author: Herbert Gottweis Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262262781 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 418
Book Description
Scientists, investors, policymakers, the media, and the general public have all displayed a continuing interest in the commercial promise and potential dangers of genetic engineering. In this book, Herbert Gottweis explains how genetic engineering became so controversial—a technology that some seek to promote by any means and others want to block entirely. Beginning with a clear exposition of poststructuralist theory and its implications for research methodology, Gottweis offers a novel approach to political analysis, emphasizing the essential role of narratives in the development of policy under contemporary conditions. Drawing on more than eighty in-depth interviews and extensive archival work, Gottweis traces today's controversy back to the sociopolitical and scientific origins of molecular biology, paying particular attention to its relationship to eugenics. He argues that over the decades a number of mutually reinforcing political and scientific strategies have attempted to turn genes into objects of technological intervention—to make them "governable." Looking at critical events such as the 1975 Asilomar conference in the United States, the escalating conflict in Germany, and regulatory disputes in Britain and France during the 1980s, Gottweis argues that it was the struggle over boundaries and representations of genetic engineering, politics, and society that defined the political dynamics of the drafting of risk regulations in these countries. In a key chapter on biotechnology research, industry, and supporting technology policies, Gottweis demonstrates that the interpretation of genetic engineering as the core of a new "high technology" industry was part of a policy myth and an expression of identity politics. He suggests that under postmodern conditions a major strategy for avoiding policy failure is to create conditions that ensure tolerance and respect for the multiplicity of socially available policy narratives and reality interpretations.
Author: Herbert Gottweis Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262262781 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 418
Book Description
Scientists, investors, policymakers, the media, and the general public have all displayed a continuing interest in the commercial promise and potential dangers of genetic engineering. In this book, Herbert Gottweis explains how genetic engineering became so controversial—a technology that some seek to promote by any means and others want to block entirely. Beginning with a clear exposition of poststructuralist theory and its implications for research methodology, Gottweis offers a novel approach to political analysis, emphasizing the essential role of narratives in the development of policy under contemporary conditions. Drawing on more than eighty in-depth interviews and extensive archival work, Gottweis traces today's controversy back to the sociopolitical and scientific origins of molecular biology, paying particular attention to its relationship to eugenics. He argues that over the decades a number of mutually reinforcing political and scientific strategies have attempted to turn genes into objects of technological intervention—to make them "governable." Looking at critical events such as the 1975 Asilomar conference in the United States, the escalating conflict in Germany, and regulatory disputes in Britain and France during the 1980s, Gottweis argues that it was the struggle over boundaries and representations of genetic engineering, politics, and society that defined the political dynamics of the drafting of risk regulations in these countries. In a key chapter on biotechnology research, industry, and supporting technology policies, Gottweis demonstrates that the interpretation of genetic engineering as the core of a new "high technology" industry was part of a policy myth and an expression of identity politics. He suggests that under postmodern conditions a major strategy for avoiding policy failure is to create conditions that ensure tolerance and respect for the multiplicity of socially available policy narratives and reality interpretations.
Author: Katherine Chiappinelli Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832555896 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
In line with recent evidence, the development of cancer has been described as uncontrolled cell growth that results from gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, involving aberrations in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and defects in genes engaged in DNA repair. As a result, cancer cells acquire a neoplastic phenotype and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are presented on their surface. These target structures should be recognized by cells of the immune system. However, a sequence of events at the genetic and epigenetic level disturb immune cells, and in consequence, make them unable to eliminate cancer cells. Both innate and adaptive immunity are mobilized against cancer cells. In response to the appearance of cells with malignant transformation, NK cells release perforin and granzyme, causing direct cytolysis of the target cells. They can also secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and in that way enhance the anticancer response. The activity of NK cells is regulated by a variety of activating and inhibitory receptors including NKG2D, KIR, CD94 -NKG2 heterodimers and natural cytotoxicity receptors, TNF family ligands, as well as co-stimulatory receptors, which recognize related molecules on target cells. A fundamental trigger of the anticancer immune response is the recognition of TAAs by T cells, via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which should be followed by signals from co-stimulatory molecules. Full activation of T lymphocytes requires a third signal provided by the presence of cytokines, and this leads to cell proliferation, differentiation, and secretion of chemokines and cytokines. The effect is to drive the clonal expansion of the T cells directed against TAAs and to recruit other immune effector cells in order to enhance immune defense.
Author: M. García-Sancho Publisher: Springer ISBN: 0230370934 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 253
Book Description
Sequencing is often associated with the Human Genome Project and celebrated achievements concerning the DNA molecule. However, the history of this practice comprises not only academic biology, but also the world of computer-assisted information management. The book uncovers this history, qualifying the hype and expectations around genomics.
Author: Manabu Kiguchi Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811007241 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 239
Book Description
This book presents a multidisciplinary approach to single-molecule electronics. It includes a complete overview of the field, from the synthesis and design of molecular candidates to the prevalent experimental techniques, complemented by a detailed theoretical description. This all-inclusive strategy provides the reader with the much-needed perspective to fully understand the far-reaching ramifications of single-molecule electronics. In addition, a number of state-of-the-art topics are discussed, including single-molecule spectro-electrical methods, electrochemical DNA sequencing technology, and single-molecule chemical reactions. As a result of this integrative effort, this publication may be used as an introductory textbook to both graduate and advanced undergraduate students, as well as researchers with interests in single-molecule electronics, organic electronics, surface science, and nanoscience.
Author: Radhouane Chaffai Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9819706726 Category : Botany Languages : en Pages : 540
Book Description
Zusammenfassung: The book "Plant Adaptation to Abiotic Stress: From Signaling Pathways and Microbiomes to Molecular Mechanisms" comprehensively examines abiotic stressors--cold, heat, light, salinity, and water scarcity--across its 18 chapters. Focusing particularly on Arabidopsis thaliana, it investigates abiotic stresses, adaptation strategies, and molecular pathways. Furthermore, it addresses broader issues, including climate challenges, food security, water scarcity, and agricultural concerns such as soil acidity and aluminum stress. It proposes adaptive measures for cultivating stress-resistant crops and sheds light on genetic modification methods such as CRISPR-Cas9, integrating nanotechnology in plant breeding. Emphasizing transcription factors, post-translational protein modifications, and diverse noncoding RNAs (long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, microRNAs, and small interfering RNAs), the book highlights their role in regulating gene expression during stress responses. It specifically underscores secondary messengers, plant hormones, and MAPK cascades within intracellular signaling pathways. Additionally, it discusses the roles of endophytic bacteria and microbial interactions in bolstering stress resilience. The book explores state-of-the-art research methodologies in plant breeding, omics approaches, and nanotechnology integration for developing stress-resistant crop varieties, advocating for agricultural sustainability. Tailored for plant physiology scientists, academics, and postgraduate students, it amalgamates diverse research findings, serving as a pivotal resource to comprehend intricate plant responses to environmental challenges
Author: Herbert Gottweis
Author: Herbert Gottweis
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Author: Katherine Chiappinelli
Author: Silvia Proietti
Author: M. García-Sancho
Author: Konrad Krzewski
Author: Manabu Kiguchi
Author: Radhouane Chaffai
Author: 
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