GMO. Another Perspective. The Dark Side of Patents PDF Download

Author: Tito Schiva
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788899766078
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Tito Schiva
Publisher: Youcanprint
ISBN: 8892645145
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 130

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Book Description
Tito Schiva, geneticist and past Director of the Experimental Institute for Floriculture Sanremo I for 30 years, attended the UPOV Workshop (International Convention for the New Varieties of Plants Protection) as Italian delegate. In the pre-DNA period, together with A. Mercuri, he developed a method for genotype identification based on the isoenzymatic fingerprinting for plant varieties with a view to protecting intellectual property. At the advent of genetic transformation techniques, again working with A. Mercuri, he created dwarf compact plants on Limonium sp. using the ROL genes, and fluorescent flowers on Lisianthus and Rinchospermum using . GFP genes (Green Fluorescent Protein). So far the controversy on GMO has concerned essentially the wealthy and the environment not highlighting the consequences of the Patent on living matter. To apply a Patent on a gene provokes unique biological/economical synergy and has a great impact on our lives. Gunter Reimann, in “Patent for Hitler” (1942), showed how the Patent was stifling the development of technology. In this reality the food step crops appear to be the most vulnerable. Slowing down innovation is the most negative aspect of the Patent system, but the greatest tragedy lies in the political mistake of not pointing out the guidelines or worse forbidding the development of these bio-technologies, and then leaving this know-how as a privilege of the few.

Author: Sheldon Krimsky
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262039192
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 215

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The debate over genetically modified organisms: health and safety concerns, environmental impact, and scientific opinions. Since they were introduced to the market in the late 1990s, GMOs (genetically modified organisms, including genetically modified crops), have been subject to a barrage of criticism. Agriculture has welcomed this new technology, but public opposition has been loud and scientific opinion mixed. In GMOs Decoded, Sheldon Krimsky examines the controversies over GMOs—health and safety concerns, environmental issues, the implications for world hunger, and the scientific consensus (or lack of one). He explores the viewpoints of a range of GMO skeptics, from public advocacy groups and nongovernmental organizations to scientists with differing views on risk and environmental impact. Krimsky explains the differences between traditional plant breeding and “molecular breeding” through genetic engineering (GE); describes early GMO products, including the infamous Flavr Savr tomato; and discusses herbicide-, disease-, and insect-resistant GE plants. He considers the different American and European approaches to risk assessment, dueling scientific interpretations of plant genetics, and the controversy over labeling GMO products. He analyzes a key 2016 report from the National Academies of Sciences on GMO health effects and considers the controversy over biofortified rice (Golden Rice)—which some saw as a humanitarian project and others as an exercise in public relations. Do GMO crops hold promise or peril? By offering an accessible review of the risks and benefits of GMO crops, and a guide to the controversies over them, Krimsky helps readers judge for themselves.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309437385
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 607

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Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.

Author: Giovanni Molteni Tagliabue
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527505278
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 433

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Due to an intricate web of psychological, socio-political and economic factors, an alliance of ill-advised forces of radical activism and powerful commercial interests encourage the rejection of so-called “genetically modified organisms” (GMOs), that is agri-food products whose DNA has been directly retouched, or “recombined” (rDNA). While the pseudo-concept has no scientific meaning, the opponents of the agro-industry insist on attacking it as an alleged symbol of the exploitation of nature for greed and profit: this socio-political struggle, in itself legitimate, but directed at the wrong target, fosters doubts and fears about the supposed negative effects of GMOs on the environment and health. Instead, scientists recommend carefully checking new individual plant varieties or animal breeds, regardless of how they are obtained (through rDNA or other processes). Similarly, the important socio-economic pros and cons of the cultivation and consumption of agri-food novelties, in richer or poorer countries as well, should be assessed independently of the developers’ biotech methods. The book explains this contemporary taboo and calls for a well-regulated use of all biotechnological innovations, ending the decades-long quagmire which stymies public research and its philanthropic repercussions.

Author: United States. Patent and Trademark Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plants, Cultivated
Languages : en
Pages : 306

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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309166152
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 254

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Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.

Author: United States. Patent Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1588

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Author: Mark Lynas
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1472946952
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 305

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'Mark Lynas is a saint' Sunday Times 'Fluent, persuasive and surely right.' Evening Standard Mark Lynas was one of the original GM field wreckers. Back in the 1990s – working undercover with his colleagues in the environmental movement – he would descend on trial sites of genetically modified crops at night and hack them to pieces. Two decades later, most people around the world – from New York to China – still think that 'GMO' foods are bad for their health or likely to damage the environment. But Mark has changed his mind. This book explains why. In 2013, in a world-famous recantation speech, Mark apologised for having destroyed GM crops. He spent the subsequent years touring Africa and Asia, and working with plant scientists who are using this technology to help smallholder farmers in developing countries cope better with pests, diseases and droughts. This book lifts the lid on the anti-GMO craze and shows how science was left by the wayside as a wave of public hysteria swept the world. Mark takes us back to the origins of the technology and introduces the scientific pioneers who invented it. He explains what led him to question his earlier assumptions about GM food, and talks to both sides of this fractious debate to see what still motivates worldwide opposition today. In the process he asks – and answers – the killer question: how did we all get it so wrong on GMOs? 'An important contribution to an issue with enormous potential for benefiting humanity.' Stephen Pinker 'I warmly recommend it.' Philip Pullman

Author: Iraz Haspolat Kaya
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527546403
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Today, the world’s population is growing, but the amount of arable land is decreasing. About 820 million people around the world are suffering from hunger. On the other side, agricultural mega-companies are making billions of dollars from growing genetically modified organisms (GMOs). GMOs grow faster and in greater numbers. This book investigates many concerns resulting from the demand for these products and the legal perspectives surrounding these products.